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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Bolscevismo: Che cosa è?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/em&gt;[Bolshevism: what is it?]. &lt;b&gt;[Detroit: Libreria Autonoma,] 1940.&lt;/b&gt;</text>
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                <text>This work is in the series of this publisher known as Problemi Attuali [Current Problems] - Numero 2. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The author, an anarchist editor, activist and polemicist, was known for his disputes with individualists. He contributed to many anarchist periodicals, including to Tresca's &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While this copy lacks any specific information about the publisher or place of publication, the "Problemi Attuali" was a series issued by the Libreria Autonoma of Detroit. Zavattero (as "Lolmo")'s &lt;em&gt;Insurrezione e rivoluzione&lt;/em&gt; (1932), q.v., was also part of the same series. Gigi Damiani's play, &lt;em&gt;La bottega: scene della ricostruzione fascista &lt;/em&gt;(1927), q.v., was published by Libreria Autonoma in Detroit, but, as a play, not part of the series Problemi Attuali.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;L'anima; Il diavolo e L'inferno&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;[The Soul, the Devil and Hell]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Casa ed. del &lt;em&gt;Martello&lt;/em&gt;, 1924.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>The preface by Carlo Tresca sets up the themes of the work: that believers think the soul is immortal, that there is an "eternal world" that he deems "horrible" in which believers are supposed to - according to his usual enemies, the priests - both suffer pain and experience happiness from a "gruff but good God." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Professor Villa, in Part I of this wide-ranging philosophical tract, looks at the soul and the doctrine of immortality, which, he says, allows believers to ignore the injustices of this world because of their focus on the next. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TTS (whose real name I do not know), in Part II, traces the meaning and history of the devil. The author asked himself as a child, "Why did God create the Devil?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the longest section of this work, Part III, Alete Dal Canto (b. Roma 1883 - d. Roma 1968) traces the idea of Hell, which he says, is as old as the mountains, in Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Chinese and other cultures.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scritti politici e letterarii: raccolti ed ordinati da Giovanni Di Gregorio&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [Political and Literary Writings: gathered and ordered by Giovanni di Gregorio]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Venanzi Memorial Committee, 1921.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This compilation of the writings of Flavio Venanzi (b. Roma, 1882; d. New York, 1920) has a book cover design by sculptor Onorio Ruotolo (q.v.), a eulogy by Enrico Leone, and an introduction by Arturo Giovannitti (q.v.). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Venanzi was &lt;em&gt;Il Proletario&lt;/em&gt;’s correspondent during the trial of Ettor, Giovannitti and Caruso in 1912, during the Lawrence, Mass., textile mill strike. He was also the director or manager of a short lived but sophisticated and beautiful magazine called &lt;em&gt;Vita &lt;/em&gt;(q.v.) edited by Giovannitti, and an influential member of the Federazione Socialista Italiana (FSI). Published by the Venanzi Memorial Committee on East 12th Street, where the left had many of its offices; the printer was Avanti Publishing Company, whose name is otherwise unknown to me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These literary and political essays, gathered after Venanzi's early death in 1920 at age 37, probably from pneumonia, reflected his wide-ranging interests. Like his friend, Giovannitti, Venanzi was a voracious reader and writer who produced as many articles and essays on art and literature (including the classical Dante, Boccaccio, Ariosto, as well as more modern writers such as Foscolo, Leopardi and D’Annunzio) as he did on political subjects. By reading to her from Dante, Venanzi taught Italian to Italophile Helen Keller, who wrote an introduction to Giovannitti’s &lt;em&gt;Arrows in the Gale&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the debate on whether Italy should enter World War I, Venanzi was a leading neutralist. He was also among those members of the FSI and the IWW who embraced communism, and who, on November 6, 1921, organized the Federazione dei Lavoratori Italiani d’America, a section of the American Labor Alliance (ALA), located on East 10th Street in Manhattan. The ALA aimed at “uniting all avant-garde elements of the Italian subversive movement in the U.S.”</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ultra! - teoria dei geni e dei gagliardi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [Ultra! theory of the Geniuses and the Strong]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Casa ed. "L'Innovazione", [n.d.]&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Vella, an anarchist and Spanish Civil War veteran, briefly visited the US in 1923, where he was a contributor to &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt;, and witness for the defense in Carlo Tresca's trial for sending obscene material through the mails. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arrested at a rally in Paterson in 1924, Vella was then among the relatively few Italians who were, like Luigi Galleani, deported back to Italy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here he explains his theory of how to create a "new man" who will "go beyond limits of thinking and action." Ironically, part of the ideology of the ascendant Fascist Party was that the state could create a "new man," ready to populate the new Italy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The title of the publisher is suggestive that "L'Innovazione" was a newspaper. But I find no record of "L'Innovazione" among radical newspapers. (Perhaps it was short-lived.)</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il processo muto di Sacramento, Cal.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;The Silent Trial of Sacramento, Cal.&lt;/em&gt; Brooklyn: Ed. a cura del Libreria del Lavoratori Industriali del Mondo, [1919].&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ed. a cura del Libreria del Lavoratori Industriali del Mondo</text>
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                <text>This "silent" trial was part of a "frame-up," as author Jacopo Tori says. Before the "famous bombing" of July 1916, the Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco had collected a million dollars to fight organized labor in California. General strikes took place in San Francisco and environs. A bomb exploded under the house of the governor of California in Sacramento. But it neither killed nor even injured anyone, according to Tori.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The trial for the accused in the bombing involved 43 I.W.W. activists who were condemned to prison sentences of one to ten years and responded with an unrepentant silence (and refusing counsel) in the face of a judge whose bias was obvious from the beginning. Maurice Bresler is apparently the name of the artist who did the cover portrait of one of the jailed men.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Three of those who received sentences of ten years were Tori himself, Petro De Bernardi and Vincenzo Santilli, obviously all Italians, as the preface signed "G.C." - Giuseppe Cannata - explains in presenting "these unforgettable pages of teaching us about conscience and dignity of the working class."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Before the sentences, on the day on which the grand jury rendered the indictments, the Wobblies had staged a prison revolt, protesting they deserved better treatment. writes Tori:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Some suggested they sing: 'Allright, fellows, let's have a song.' And one voice after the other sang 'Hold the Fort, for we are coming.' Almost every day the chorus sang the proletarian songs. Some of the preferred ones were 'Workers of the World, Awaken'; 'Rebel Girl'; 'The White Slave' and 'Scissorbill' - all by Joe Hill - as well as 'Dump the Boss off Your Back,' 'We are Coming Home Farmer John,' and others. Whenever the mood arose, it was time for 'Rang-tang! Rang-tang! Zin-tang! Zin-zuh-bah! Who in hell you think we are! . . Wobblies-wobblies-rah!-rah!-rah! Rough-tough-we never take a bluff - Of free speech, we never get enough.  Who! - We Wobblies!!!"</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antinatale&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [AntiChristmas]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Biblioteca "Novatore" No. 4, [1910].&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Libero Tancredi was the journalistic pseudonym of Massimo Rocca (b. Torino 1884 - d. Salò 1973). This work dates from Rocca's youth, when he wrote for anarchist and syndicalist newspapers. However, by the beginning of 1920, he flirted with and then fully embraced fascism, writing for &lt;em&gt;Il Popolo d'Italia&lt;/em&gt; when that newspaper was directed by Mussolini. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1923, he co-founded, with Giuseppe Bottai, an important fascist hierarch, the magazine &lt;em&gt;Critica fascista&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Collection contains another work by Tancredi: &lt;em&gt;Dio e patria: nel pensiero dei rinnegati.&lt;/em&gt; New York: [n.p.], [c. 1924-1925].&lt;strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;There, the second essay recounts a religious debate between Tancredi and a priest in Providence, R.I., on December 11, 1910, likely the same year as the publication of this work.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This copy is notable because it bears a prized stamp for a collector interested in the first women's bookstore and publisher among the Italians: the stamp of "Libreria Editrice | ELVIRA CATELLO|1946 First Avenue, New York City…." See discussion of Elvira Catello's life and work in the description of Tomaso Concordia's &lt;em&gt;Argomenti libertari&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The "Novatore" of the Biblioteca "Novatore" is presumably Renzo Novatore, author of works published posthumously in &lt;em&gt;Verso la nulla creatore&lt;/em&gt;, q.v.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sgraffi&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [Scratches]. &lt;strong&gt;Newark: Biblioteca de &lt;em&gt;L'Adunata dei Refrattari&lt;/em&gt;, 1946.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This collection of poetry is dedicated to those who have gone through the same struggles that Damiani had suffered.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For a brief biography of Damiani, see entry for his &lt;em&gt;La bottega. &lt;/em&gt;After the deaths of Galleani and Malatesta, the fascist regime in Italy considered Damiani, always on the move although never in the U.S., as the leader of Italian anarchism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Collection contains more than a dozen works published by the Library of the newspaper &lt;em&gt;L'Adunata dei Reffratari&lt;/em&gt; [The Gathering of the Refractories], q.v., directed by "Max Sartin." That was the pseudonym of Raffaele Schiavina, who had been deported from the U.S. to Italy in 1919 along with Luigi Galleani. Unlike Galleani, Schiavina  managed to sneak back into the U.S. and begin the publication once again of an anarchist newspaper very much like the &lt;em&gt;Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; of Galleani, using this pseudonym.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'I.W.W.: la sua storia, struttura e metodi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/em&gt;[The I.W.W.: its History, Structure and Methods]. &lt;strong&gt;Brooklyn: Libreria Ed. Del Lavoratori Industriali del Mondo, [c. 1919].&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giorgio e Silvio (dialogo fra dei militari)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;[Giorgio and Silvio (dialogue between servicemen)]. &lt;strong&gt;Paterson: A cura della Libreria Sociologica, [1916].&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This is a dramatic dialogue concluding with the two soldiers cheering for anarchy and calling for death to the oppressor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A dialogue between two people about political philosophy was a technique frequently employed by the left in works like this. See, e.g., &lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Al caffè: conversazioni dal vero&lt;/em&gt; [At the Cafè: Honest Conversations], also published by the Libreria Sociologica, a bookstore in Paterson that stocked one of the richest and most varied assortments of inexpensive books and pamphlets for anarchists and socialists in the U.S. These include social novels and dramas, as well as political tracts such as this one, in the form of a political conversation among various (in this case, five) fictional characters emblamatic of different stages of political education and sophistication. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Libreria Sociologica was also a publisher, as this and at least a half-dozen other works in the collection attest to, q.v. This work appears to have been popular, given that cover and title page both indicate that it is the seventh edition. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Libreria Sociologica was founded in 1903 by noted anarchist Ninfa Baronio and her companion, silkweaver Firmino Gallo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After emigrating from &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy"&gt;Northern Italy&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey"&gt;Paterson, New Jersey&lt;/a&gt;, Ninfa helped found Paterson's anarchist &lt;i&gt;Gruppo Diritto all'Esistenza&lt;/i&gt; (Right to an Existence Group); co-founded a local feminist group and performed in feminist plays; and, with Gallo, with whom she had six children, ran the Libreria Sociologica, said by historian Kenyon Zimmer to be "America's richest storehouse of extreme radical literature."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Libreria Sociologica was a place where local anarchists gathered and bought Italian, French, and American anarchist literature, as well as Communist publications such as &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Communist"&gt;The New York Communist&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Russia_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia (newspaper)"&gt;Soviet Russia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Revolutionary_Age" title="The Revolutionary Age"&gt;The Revolutionary Age&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. In the back room, the Slovenian anarchist Franz Widmar operated his &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%27Era_Nuova&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Era Nuova (page does not exist)"&gt;L'Era Nuova&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (New Era) press. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1912, Firmino Gallo was arrested for displaying an anti-imperialist cartoon by Ludovico Caminita, q.v., in the bookstore window; he and Caminita were charged with inciting hostility against a foreign government.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jennifer Guglielmo's &lt;em&gt;Living the Revolution: Italian Women's Resistance and Radicalism in New York City, 1880-1945&lt;/em&gt; (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1910) is a rich source of history of Baronio, Maria Roda and other important Italian women radicals in New York in that era.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Emilio Silvieri</text>
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                <text>A good example of the international nature of anarchism is reflected in the changing places of publishing of different volumes of the same work: &lt;em&gt;Casa Savoia, Vol. I&lt;/em&gt; was published but in Buenos Aires in 1927, two years before the publication of this Volume II was published in Boston. You can see an advertisement for it in the inside back cover of another Buenos Aires publication in the Collection (as of December 2023 uncatalogued), from 1927, Pietro Gori's &lt;em&gt;La donna e la famiglia&lt;/em&gt; (Ed. di propaganda Culmine).  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And though &lt;em&gt;published&lt;/em&gt; in East Boston in the U.S., this Volume II was actually &lt;em&gt;printed&lt;/em&gt; in France: on the recto of the rear free endpaper is the colophon "Imprimerie Commerciale de la Tribune Républicaine, Saint-Étienne." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;L'Aurora&lt;/em&gt; was founded in 1899 in West Hoboken by Giuseppe Ciancabilla. The Collection includes a biography of him by Ugo Fedeli, q.v., as well as other works with connections to him.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Schicchi (b. Colesano, Sicily, 1865 - d. Palermo, 1950) was, like so many of the leading anarchists, very much part of an international movement. He engaged in lively polemics in Italy with two of the greatest of the anarchists, namely, Errico Malatesta and Pietro Gori. In addition to being active in Italy, Schicchi was also for some time active in France, working with Sebastien Faure, whose work is also reflected in the Collection, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the U.S., he wrote for &lt;em&gt;La Comune&lt;/em&gt; of Philadelphia and Galleani's &lt;em&gt;La Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt;, then published in Barre, VT. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Collection contains a work in Italian which in English is a report of the trial of Schicchi before the Court of Assizes in Viterbo, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are biographies of this colorful anarchist by Renato Souvarine, Filippo Gramignano and Nicola Schicchi.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resoconto del processo avanti la Corte d'Assise di Viterbo contro Schicchi Paolo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [Report of the Trial before the Court of Assizes in Viterbo against Paolo Schicchi].&lt;strong&gt; New York: Bolletini Speciali del tempo, 1925&lt;/strong&gt;.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;La guerra che viene&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;[The War that is Coming]. &lt;strong&gt;Newark: Biblioteca de l'&lt;em&gt;Adunata dei Refrattari&lt;/em&gt;, 1939.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Deported to Italy from the U.S. with Galleani, Max Sartin, whose real name was Rafaelle Schiavina (b. San Carlo (Ferrara), Italy, April 8, 1894 – d. New York, 1987) returned illegaly to the U.S. in 1928, editing &lt;em&gt;L'Adunata dei Refrattari&lt;/em&gt; until its demise in 1971.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conceived as the heir to the &lt;em&gt;Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; post-Galleani, on April 15, 1922 &lt;em&gt;L’Adunata dei Refrattari&lt;/em&gt; (The Gathering of the Unwilling) was initiated as a fortnightly. Directed by Costantino Zonchello and then, briefly, Ilario Margarita, its purpose was to support Sacco and Vanzetti and to serve as an antifascist bulwark. The Collection has a few (but later) issues of &lt;em&gt;L’Adunata dei Refrattari.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Upon his return from Paris in 1928, Schiavina became its editor, first using the pseudonym “Max Sartin.” To review his travels in the U.S.: Schiavina had earned a diploma as an accountant, which was useful to him in obtaining his first employment in America, where he emigrated in 1913, settling in Brockton, Massachusetts. Initially an adherent of socialism, he was influenced by reading Kropotkin’s &lt;em&gt;Memorie&lt;/em&gt; (Memoirs), and in 1914 he began to frequent anarchist circles. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He subscribed to the &lt;em&gt;Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; and became acquainted with Galleani. In 1916, the latter committed the administration of his newspaper to Schiavina, together with Carlo Valdinoci. Schiavina established himself in Lynn, Massachusetts, and began to write articles and give lectures. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On September 25, 1916, he experienced his first arrest, with Mario Buda and Federico Cari, for an antiwar demonstration in Boston, and was subsequently released. In 1917, on the occasion of the arrest of Galleani, he hid the list of subscribers to the newspaper. In that same year, soon after delivering an antiwar speech in New York, he was also arrested. After being released again, he was able to return to work on the newspaper. He never abandoned the newspaper, even when the main part of Galleani’s group became expatriates in Mexico to avoid conscription to fight in World War I. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sartin was suspected of being involved in the plot to dynamite Youngstown. After his arrest and that of Ella Antolini in Chicago in January 1918, Schiavina was put on trial and was condemned to a year of hard labor for failing to appear for the draft. He served his sentence in the prison of East Cambridge, after which on June 24, 1919, he was sent to Ellis Island to be deported to Italy, together with Galleani and seven other anarchists. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1920, along with Galleani, he brought the &lt;em&gt;Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; back to life in Turin, succeeding also in circulating the newspaper clandestinely in the United States, but in October of that year, the Italian police authorities definitively suppressed the newspaper.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With the advent of fascism, Schiavina decided to expatriate. In March 1923, after having passed through Ferrara to see his mother and sister for the last time, he left for Paris, where he established contacts with Italians in political exile. He created the newspapers &lt;em&gt;La Difesa per Sacco e Vanzetti&lt;/em&gt; (The Defense of Sacco and Vanzetti, 1923) and &lt;em&gt;Il Mondo&lt;/em&gt; (The World, 1925–28) and published the volume &lt;em&gt;Sacco e Vanzetti: Cause e fini di un delitto di stato&lt;/em&gt; [Sacco and Vanzetti: Causes and Goals of a State Crime], 1927.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Max Stirner: un refrattario&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [Max Stirner: a Recalcitrant]. &lt;strong&gt;East Boston: Biblioteca del Gruppo Autonomo, 1914.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Roudine wrote this work in his native French, and published it in a bi-weekly periodical in 1911 directed by Henri Fabre in Paris. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Max Stirner appeared in Italian first in issues of &lt;em&gt;La Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; between January and April of that year, translated by Luigi Galleani, and was then published in book form in 1914 in East Boston. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This work concerns the philosophy and work of  Stirner, a leading “recalcitrant” (a refractory, unwilling individual, disobedient to authority) German individualist and anti-organizationalist anarchist.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le idee chiare destano le oscure&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [Clear Ideas Provoke Obscure Ones]. &lt;strong&gt;The Bronx: Bronx Italian American Press, [n.d.]&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>A philosophical work analyzing the "problem" of anarchism, noting that it's not political or economic, but rather ethical, psychological and educational, with Emmanuel Kant, Frederick Nietsche, and Max Stirner discussed just in the first few pages. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are many publishing claimants for this work: "Edito dal gruppo 'Luce'" on verso of title page; "Morgillo Press 305 E. 115th St. New York" stamped upside down obscuring the printed "Bronx Italian American Press"; on rear cover, "send orders with expected imports to Casa editrice 'Luce', 319 E. 151st St."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;N. Morgillo was the publisher of works as early as 1909 (&lt;em&gt;La via del Paradiso&lt;/em&gt;) and as late as 1951 (&lt;em&gt;Ricciardiana&lt;/em&gt;), either under his own name or under the name of Eloquent Press.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have found nothing about Rowackisex or the Gruppo "Luce."</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il mondo e le sue trasformazioni: dialoghi fra il nonno e la sua nepote&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [The World and its Transformations: dialogues between a grandpa and his granddaughter]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Libreria Rossa, 1909.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Verso il nulla creatore&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [Toward the Creative Nothing]. &lt;strong&gt;West NY, NJ: Spec. Ed Virginio De Martin, 1939.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>The cover and, such as it is, title page state “Special Edition Edited by Virginio De Martin | Publisher of "&lt;em&gt;Supermen Literature&lt;/em&gt;," West New York, NJ 1939”; the cover also states at the top “superuomo: e: iconoclasta” (Superman and iconoclast). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Novatore (b. Liguria, 1890 - d. Genoa, 1922) was a prime exponent of a Nietzschean individual anarchism, a philosophy that attacked Christianity and also socialism, democracy and fascism for their spiritual emptiness. This philosophy was somewhat akin to Galleani’s non-organizational anarchism but without the bombs, yet certainly bearing little relation to the anarchism of the organizational kind that led to the union activity of syndicalism or revolutionary communism. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Novatore, whose birth name was Abele Rizieri Ferrari, calls for a personal “destructive revolution” in this work, based on the ideas, dreams and desires of the “mighty I,” while recognizing that a real revolution had to be more than just a personal one. He is also &lt;span&gt;associated with ultra-modernist trends of futurism. He justified a refusal to work and his personal philosophy of life led him to believe that he had the right to expropriate from the rich what he needed for his daily survival; using force wasn't a problem for him.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He was influenced by the ideas of Max Stirner, Errico Malatesta, Peter Kropotkin, Henrik Ibsen, Oscar Wilde and Friederich Nietzsche. But he found that all existing political movements doomed the individual to personal mediocrity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This text was published after Novatore’s death. I can find no information about Virginio de Martin, the publisher, or his "Supermen Literature" publishing venture, and that he was editor of the serial publication, The "Superman" Bulletin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is no evidence that Novatore, who was ambushed by carabinieri near Genoa in 1922, ever came to America.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;La responsabilità e la solidarietà nella lotta operaia: rapporto letto alla "Freedom Discussion Group" il 5 dicembre 1899&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [Responsibility and Solidarity in the Workers' Struggle: report read at the "Freedom Discussion Group," December 5, 1899]. &lt;strong&gt;Barre: Casa ed. L'Azione, 1913.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This short (21 pp.) report was written by German anarchist Max Nettlau and published by the book arm of &lt;em&gt;L’Azione&lt;/em&gt;, a critical weekly of revolutionary propaganda based in Barre, VT, where anarchist Luigi Galleani had settled after postal authorities made it too "hot" for him to remain in Newark or East Boston. This work was issued as part of &lt;em&gt;L'Azione&lt;/em&gt;'s Biblioteca di Propaganda Rivoluzionaria, not to be confused with the similarly titled Biblioteca Rivoluzionaria series published by a very different group also part of the Left, namely, the Federazione Socialista Italiana del Nord America in New York in the same period of time, the second decade of the 20th century.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The verso of the title page indicates that the printer (stampatore) was C.A. Bottinelli of Barre, Vermont; that the printer was in the same city as the publisher was almost surely by design to avoid some of the issues that Galleani had had with postal authorities, at least in the delivery of copies of the printed work by the printer to the publisher for distribution.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Max Heinrich Hermann Reinhardt Nettlau&lt;span&gt; (b.&lt;/span&gt; 1865 – d. 1944) was a German anarchist and historian. Raised in Vienna, he lived there until the &lt;em&gt;anschluss&lt;/em&gt; to Nazi Germany in 1938. Nettlau retained his Prussian (later German) nationality throughout his life. A student of the Welsh language, he spent time in London where he joined the Socialist League and met&lt;span&gt; William Morris, and&lt;/span&gt; anarchists such as&lt;span&gt; Errico Malatesta and Peter Kropotkin, with&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;whom he remained in contact for the rest of his life. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the 1890s, realizing that a generation of socialist and anarchist militants from the mid-19th century was passing away and their archives of writings and correspondence being destroyed, he concentrated his efforts and a recent modest inheritance from his father on acquiring and rescuing such collections from destruction. (Much of that collection made its way in the 1930s to the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam, which still maintains a fine library of radical material, including many works in this Collection.) He also interviewed many veteran militants for posterity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nettlau wrote biographies of many famous anarchists, including Mikhail Bakunin and Élisée Reclus, as well as one of Errico Malatesta, q.v., published by &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt; in New York in 1922. He also wrote a seven-volume history of anarchism.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il capitale: semplificato e volgarizzato ad uso degli operai&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [Capital: Simplified and Popularized for the Use of Workers].&lt;strong&gt; Chicago: La Parola Printing &amp;amp; Publishing House, 1911.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This abridged and simplified version of Marx's foundational text of communism is preceded by a short explanation of Marx's life and works prepared by Giuseppe Bertelli, editor of &lt;em&gt;La Parola dei Socialisti.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is volume 22 of the "Biblioteca de La Parola dei Socialisti."</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'attentato di Matteo Morral&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/em&gt;[The Attempt on Matteo Morral].&lt;strong&gt; East Boston: Gruppo Autonomo, [1910?]&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This is the Italian-language version of a French anarchist's perspective on the Morral affair, an attempted assassination of the &lt;span&gt;Spanish King &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Alfonso XIII and his bride, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Victoria Eugenie, on their wedding day, May 31, 1906&lt;/span&gt; by Mateu Morral, who threw a bomb from a balcony, killing 24 bystanders without harming the royal procession.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two days after the attack, militiamen accosted Morral, who killed one before killing himself. Morral was likely involved in a similar attack on the king a year prior.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The affair became a pretext to stop Francisco Ferrer,  an anarchist pedagogue who ran Escuela Moderna, the influential, rationalist, antigovernment, anticlerical, antimilitary, Barcelonean school in whose library Morral worked.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Morral is celebrated here as a hero. The Boston-based Gruppo Autonomo that published this edition, affiliated with Luigi Galleani, did not refrain from violence when it believed it was necessary.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Author Charles Malato (1857–1938) was a French anarchist and writer. He was born to a noble Neapolitan family; his grandfather Count Malato was a Field Marshal and the Commander-in-Chief of the army of the last King of Naples.&lt;sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-0" class="reference"&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Count Malato ferociously suppressed a popular anti-dynastic insurrection; &lt;sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-1" class="reference"&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;his son – Charles' father – supported the communards of the Paris Commune, and was banished as a result to the penal colony of New Caledonia, where Charles was born. After the amnesty of anarchists and communists, Charles and his by that time ninety-year-old father returned to Paris, where they immersed themselves in the anarchist movement.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Al caffè: conversazioni dal vero&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [At the Café: Honest Conversations]. &lt;strong&gt;Paterson: Libreria Sociologica, [n.d.]&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;The Libreria Sociologica (Sociological Bookstore) in Paterson was both a publisher and a bookstore that stocked one of the richest and most varied assortments of inexpensive books and pamphlets for anarchists and socialists in the U.S. These include social novels and dramas, as well as political tracts such as this one, in the form of a political conversation among five fictional characters. It was founded in 1903 by noted anarchist Ninfa Baronio and her companion, silkweaver Firmino Gallo. The Collection has a half dozen or more actual publications by the Libreria Sociologica, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After emigrating from Piemonte to Paterson, Baronio helped found Paterson's anarchist &lt;i&gt;Gruppo Diritto all'Esistenza&lt;/i&gt; (Right to an Existence Group); co-founded a local feminist group and performed in feminist plays; and, with Gallo, with whom she had six children, ran the Libreria Sociologica, said by historian Kenyon Zimmer to be "America's richest storehouse of extreme radical literature."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Libreria Sociologica was also a place where local anarchists gathered and bought Italian, French, and American anarchist literature, as well as Communist publications such as &lt;em&gt;The New York Communist&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Soviet Russia&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;The Revolutionary Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. In the back room, the Slovenian anarchist Franz Widmar operated his &lt;em&gt;L'Era Nuova&lt;/em&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (New Era) press. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1912, Firmino Gallo was arrested for displaying an anti-imperialist cartoon by Ludovico Caminita, q.v., in the bookstore window; th two of them were charged with inciting hostility against a foreign government.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See Guglielmo, &lt;em&gt;Living the Revolution&lt;/em&gt; in the Bibliography for the history of Baronio, Maria Roda and other important Italian women radicals in New York in that era.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Probably the greatest of anarchists both in Italy and in the U.S., Enrico Malatesta believed that while anarchists could not be syndicalists, they could use syndicalist tactics to achieve their goals, and thus could have a role in the development of the Industrial Workers of the World (see works of Faggi, De Ciampis (&lt;em&gt;Il Proletario&lt;/em&gt;), Ebert, Vincent St. John, Giuseppe Cannata, Meledandri, Buttis and others in the Collection).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The literary form of this work, as the title suggests, presents a series of conversations between a bourgeois and a student filled with anarchist ideas, and others with varied political opinions. Such conversations in narrative or occasionally dramatic form were a common way of educating and influencing the working men and women whom these writers sought to reach. This kind of presentation contrasted with the more theoretical and philosophical tracts of writers like Renzo Novatore (q.v.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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