1 25 63 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/475c1afe978924b2d526e8076818d8af.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=EshU6QqhSuQC4XoqQE4b0m22CjX2UPzrik3PrpS4j%7E%7E7vGFBC4qsnZH2l9sREKXEnNwyAX07dbvIMiIzcl%7EPEXtJSK8sm8fRqfadUADUO209Esp6ysOA8PRkOk601CAkJGtGoDnjAqlzQHcrmoQkxAs4Gnpa-48NlQ8NYl0pyldfhnDVqDLogmFk%7EwZ9LfU3b1WEWOmOgjg-RM7CPnyjvelR-VsWOXIcwWyy5%7E6pVS7bMNZJJobCGsttHhui1hEYWgfpWkhuYV-kZ0cqFLBZE2qK5pVI1MDZvrvo18as%7Es-L729BPS1JJZDjDzNOeXO04ZqP1ZHff82HuPYyFTJGPw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5e9aeb5b229c9931744ec28a31532dd7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Periodicals: newspapers and magazines Description An account of the resource The collection is rich in hard to find magazines and/or newspapers like Ernesto Valentini's Zarathustra, Vincenzo Vacirca's Il Solco and La Strada, Aldino Felicani's La Controcorrente, Il Proletario, Enrico Arrigoni's Eresia, Carlo Tresca's Il Martello and Guardia Rossa, Antonino Capraro's Alba Nuova, Arturo Giovannitti's Vita, Agostino De Biasi's Il Carroccio, T. Lucidi's Il Messaggero della Salute, Guido Podrecca's and Gabriele Galantara's L'Asino (this last mostly published in Rome) and others. As Francesco Durante rightly observed in Italoamericana, understanding the contribution of journalism among Italian Americans - almost solely in Italian at the outset - to the community life, as well as to the culture of the immigrant community, is central to understanding that community. Virtually all of the writers whose book-length works we see and celebrate in the collection, whether political or not, began their writing careers with newspaper or magazine writing. Some even immigrated to the U.S. precisely to do just that, but those were exceptional. The politics of the magazines and newspapers ran the gamut from left to right, and some - e.g., Il Messaggero della Salute - were not really political in that sense at all. The separation often observed between the political and the literary sections of the magazines is surprising and deserves examination all by itself: one can find the stories of Clara Vacirca, married to and sharing the political leanings of the socialist Vincenzo Vacirca, published in the right-wing Il Carroccio, and less overtly political writers like Salvatore Benanti and Federico Mennella often contributed literary pieces to leftist periodicals like La Follia di New York. For example, Mennella wrote the dialect column for La Follia for some time. The catholic nature of the magazines in the literary culture of the Italians reflected one of its strengths. Whatever the mixture of news from Italy and from America, whether "news events," or political or cultural commentary, short stories or poems, whether from Italians still in Italy or immigrants in the U.S. or translated from German, French. English or Russian - all of which were quite prevalent - or elaborations of philosophies of living, sometimes imported but sometimes "home-grown" in the U.S., the magazines and newspapers provide a rich insight into this world. Beyond the articles themselves were, in many cases, letters to the editors and lists of new subscribers (and the cities and towns they lived in), both of which enlarge our understanding of what parts of the immigrant community were reached and affected by the printed word. This, too, is a subject that deserves close examination, and has been discussed recently, for example, in a fine essay by historian Adam Quinn discussing whether the Cronaca Sovversiva of the anti-organizational anarchist Luigi Galleani was a "seditious rag" or a community newspaper - or both. Quinn clearly concludes that it was both. The same can be said for Il Martello, La Follia di New York, Il Carroccio and many of the other political magazines - they were part of the "glue" that held together the Italian community quite beyond their immediate political messages. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Follia di New York [The New York Folly]. New York: Marziale Sisca; The Italian National Magazine Company, 1935-1977. Description An account of the resource The Collection includes only a few issues of this long-lived important literary and political magazine: La Follia di New York, Vol. XXXXIII, No. 1 - January 6, 1935 La Follia di New York - Dicembre [December] 1977 La Follia di New York - Aprile [April] 1977 Emigrating with his family to America in 1892, soon thereafter Alessandro Sisca, known usually as Riccardo Cordiferro, founded the weekly literary magazine La Follia di New York, together with his father Francesco (1839–1928), who was also a poet (q.v. his Lu Ciucciu, in Calabrian dialect), and with Alessandro's brother Marziale. Francesco Durante's essay on Cordiferro, on this website, is a delight to read. The work for La Follia, combined with his intense literary productivity, absorbed Cordiferro completely, and gave him a vehicle by which to publish several of his works, such as La vendetta (q.v.). Approbation for the magazine’s notable success on the East Coast led him to make frequent trips throughout the country and beyond to give theatrical presentations and poetry readings, and to engage in debates, very often with political overtones. Though not committed to any one strain of leftist thought, Cordiferro maintained close contact with anarchist and socialist circles, which resulted in more than one arrest and constrained him to resign from directing La Follia. In 1895, his drama, Il pezzente [The Tramp], ran for hundreds of performances and became a standard in the repertory of amateur players in revolutionary political circles. See Durante's essay on this website, “Riccardo Cordiferro,” pp. 21–22. Marziale Sisca, Alessandro's brother, was the business manager who was primarily responsible for keeping the magazine as fiscally sound as it was. It was Marziale who probably deserves the credit for getting Enrico Caruso to supply the magazine with his marvelous caricatures, two collected editions of which are in the Collection, q.v.; the later editions of these are commonly available for purchase, probably having been issued, in various editions over the years, in relatively large numbers for an Italian-American audience that adored Caruso. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Marziale Sisca The Italian National Magazine Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935-1977 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 27.5x21cm 28x22cm Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 1971-1980 Enrico Caruso Francesco Sisca Francesco Durante La Follia di New York Marziale Sisca periodical Riccardo Cordiferro https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/400d80f272753e6550e451c2e6358d2f.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Usvn46r7%7EsvL33-qKswAjGARHDV9SfDtx30lnojhHRRt6e0uF7Z2Br9AyEDrsie9MVqRC0k8roomD8MUeOV15IfUUvEqc4TXXbUn-pI0l1hQ%7EfBm1xRriXDB2UA%7EcGHzQhJvRSOKg2IU6xhUEMHttjLtyoFfQIEgNMtW%7EVBxPotEjaPJCbEfoJ9xJBXGJK9qTZYW62ZFvMXwkdS9E8icmCrUdMwfTJbhYR8saNusyI13LhbZRkoADl5ksBGJsx1Kn-%7Etd6ekO4beL5z1gjlKYm9HypQ7KeIs97yfJZzPVoddPzLNbJA3lr3RkXKSToutU-TYTEW1sAn2G1DffWyYug__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ea0ebd94e1fb9a586502255739ea9149 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Controcorrente: organo d'agitazione e di battaglia contro il fascismo /The Countercurrent: against all fascism everywhere, Vol. 2, No. 9. Boston, September 1940. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anita Paolini, Editor Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 1940 Language A language of the resource Italian Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544">La Controcorrente</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544">, Vol. 2, No. 10 - October 1940</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545">La Controcorrente</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545">, Vol. 2, No. 11 - November 1940</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546">La Controcorrente</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546">, Vol. 3, No. 1 - February 1941</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/548">La Controcorrente, Vol. 3, No. 3 - April-May 1941</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/549">La Controcorrente, Vol. 3, No. 4 - June-July 1941</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/550">La Controcorrente, Vol. 3, No. 5 - August-September 1941</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/551">La Controcorrente, Vol. 3, No. 9 - January 1942</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/552">La Controcorrente, Vol. 3, No. 10 - February 1942</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/553">La Controcorrente, Vol. 8, No. 2 - August 1946</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/479">La Controcorrente [main entry]</a> Description An account of the resource Aldo (Aldino) Felicani, a typographer and anarchist who started newspapers in Cleveland and elsewhere in the U.S. and who was intimately involved in trying to save Sacco and Vanzetti (he was the treasurer of the Sacco and Vanzetti Defense Committee in 1920-23, q.v.), founded La Controcorrente in 1938 in Boston with Gaetano Salvemini, Ernesto Rossi and Piero Calamandrei. The collection contains 10 issues of the newspaper, which contained a Section One in Italian and a Section 2 in English, beginning with No. 9 of Vol. II, September 1940, when La Controcorrente was published monthly, evidently having begun in January 1940, and also has the October and November monthly issues for that year. It continued as a monthly through March (the collection has the February 1941 edition), then became bimonthly with No. 3 of Vol. III, the April-May issue. (The collection contains that issue and Nos. 4 and 5, the June-July and August-September issues.) It returned to monthly publication with No. 6 (October 1941); the collection has the January and February 1942 issues, Nos. 9 and 10 of Vol. III. The tenth issue in the collection is from August 1946, Vol. VIII - No. 2. Some issues were as many as 8 pages each of Italian and of English text (without illustrations), but most were 4 pages each of Italian and of English text. In all cases, Section Two (the English language version) is enveloped inside of the Section One in Italian. The 1940-1942 issues are all fold in the middle newspaper style. The 1946 issue is a tabloid. La Controcorrente was unique among journals of the Italian American left that I have seen. It was, plain and simple, anti-fascist, that is to say, the tone and, I suspect, the origins of the newspaper were not anarchist-become-anti-fascist (despite Felicani's early politics), socialist-become-antifascist (despite Salvemini's early politics), or communist-become-antifascist. Consistent with that, and perhaps reflecting the single-mindedness of the intellectual Salvemini, as noted it lacked illustrations unlike, say, La Cronaca Sovversiva or Il Martello, on the left, or Il Carroccio, on the right, as if to say "We mean business, and that's the business of anti-fascism, not of entertaining you or creating a cultural as well as political magazine." Anita Pasolini was the editor of the 1940-1942 issues; publisher Felicani was the editor by 1946, although I do not know when that change occurred. The most frequent contributor in all years was one of the founders and also the most famous writer: Gaetano Salvemini, a professor of history at Harvard at the time who had become an American citizen in 1940, some years after the Fascists revoked his Italian citizenship (in 1926) and he was dismissed from the faculty of the University of Florence. Initially a member of the Italian Socialist Party, Salvemini evolved into a kind of independent humanitarian socialism divorced to a greater or less degree from actual politics. Indeed, even his friends in the U.S. among Italian exiles years later, like Max Ascoli, declared Salvemini was "terrible" at politics. In exile since 1925 in France (where he collaborated with the Rossellis to form Giustizia e Libertà), England and finally the U.S., Salvemini was above all an ardent anti-fascist. By 1940, when La Controcorrente began, Salvemini had become a U.S. citizen. From the beginning, in 1940, La Controcorrente attacked Mussolini and fascism for the damage it inflicted on Italy and Italians, and declared that contrary to the criticism leveled against it, was not "Communist-inspired." (The articles in the two sections were not for the most part the same ones translated from one language to the other.) Indeed, in the box providing its address and other particulars, the newspaper also proclaimed its purpose as being to "present the truth concerning Fascism wherever it exists . . . We are concerned with no political or economic cause." It also notes that in the February 1941 issue that in its two years of existence, it had published in its English section articles by Hemingway, Angelica Balabanoff, George Seldes, and R.H. Markham, among others. (I found an article, as well, that Upton Sinclair was said to have offered to provide to the newspaper.) In the Italian section, the writers included, beside Salvemini, Glauco Glauci, Arturo Giovannitti and Libero Martello; and as seems to have been a practice in virtually all the leftist and other Italian magazines and newspapers in the U.S., there appears a list of recent subscribers, a list that includes at times familiar names (e.g., Virginio De Martin, the publisher of Renzo Novatore's Verso la nulla creatore, q.v.). Besides attacking Mussolini, Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh incited its ire; La Controcorrente also attacked New York's Il Progresso Italo-Americano - or more particularly, its publisher, Generoso Pope - for their constant praise for Mussolini and fascism, while at the same time with its articles critical of American politics and politicians. While Il Progresso proclaimed it was an "American" newspaper promoting American ideals, it was staffed with Italian journalists who, by diktat from Mussolini, should not have been allowed to work in non-Italian newspapers as foreign correspondents. The criticism was consistent with that of Carlo Tresca, who famously called Pope a "man of straw." La Controcorrente had similar criticisms of James Donnamura's La Gazzetta of Boston for its silence about General Franco and the events taking place in Spain. Of great interest is that the 1946 issue - as noted, in tabloid not middle fold style - contains 16 pages all in Italian. It contains, as in the earlier issues, an article by Salvemini, but the absence of an English language section, unlike in the earlier issues is surprising. Also, unlike the earlier issues from 1940-1942, where Felicani's name as publisher is nowhere to be found, in this 1946 issue, Felicani is listed on page 1 as both "editor and publisher." Of course, the most important change is that by 1946, Mussolini is gone. So the criticisms throughout this issue are of Palmiro Togliatti and current Italian electoral politics, the peace treaty conference in Paris, interference in Italian politics by the Vatican, and a sarcastic article about the "big lasagna Neanderthal from Savoy," an article trying to shed light on the crime of the assassination of Carlo Tresca, and several criticisms of Il Progresso and other "cafoni" (boors) in New York for their support of the Italian Labor Council. While still enlightening and entertaining, without Mussolini as the focus of its anti-fascist efforts, La Controcorrente seems by this time to have lost its way somewhat. The absence of an English language version suggests that its diehard readers in 1946 were fighting old battles of less interest to English-language readers. I would be surprised if the newspaper continued long after this issue. 1931-1940 anti-fascist Boston Gaetano Salvemini magazine https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/afd8925ded630444357dc126bc249e22.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=SdMQgAxCU4%7EfGPiCXfNfBFBodvqdQg3fBta03U26uuMRSr4OeWxF9m0JQB9kWk3xCoBg86PSQIag-md8h5aScs8aA5fN-YLa5PpdV4bTibGy9ejg7eC-RwWI8ZHMwcZeUpIyGydQPgQoqFKqfn2nAPI6h%7EG9CSPd77n33eebquQO32Tl4vuy7q15rONmlrpyDyMGw9ZaRxw7CnJP7yWyEyDfsuVXqQClqmxoj3H%7EQ3Go5Y6tgsSLyGovtQJX1DI6ix1zRwZpIWDSdEJaYWvwE9L-lH0e2MP5S8ds32ktpFxdc5whtDEarSTxmai-DQ-PNfJptxgEhLnMUssxiImFwA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bb14781e931292d5fb87cf9d1eeb4855 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/460b6dafa7a67a902c146ac43fb1b136.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=W0ss9W2DZI6DKggMvVqejcIIAt71Enoe-CmBDAZq3KkTBWOVquQvQqTdbgky63C2zHDcbr07zXN94xPXNV%7EfmJkCtHxWXGnARmOd49wnMyA0PCnBEabUYHAl6%7EXJpGJFIL7wX9JlFd9H%7E3YlX0czBHWgyAeXOgVbJ%7EIvsgEYF3dcQPFalLGT90W-ov1HdpLZBhMeQJF49hAjbDxMJFXT-KqJ1lx4pQRD0Vr-xACmBs2mMWp8pUEQxDfunm--0rxoW89U0bhkfqLFjXcGH0MmpwJQX7BmnRSkQfXLIG%7EsifykmH1koxGG0s91Zw7x8XkkpoE7AaI6m-fRzNA5EDS18Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2e2cc0b18aedef1ef606c1c6d7f0233b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Crusaders Academy of Science Incorporated: Transychology , Part III "Secondary Spiritual Distortions" - "Divinatory Art," No. 36. Bronx: The Crusaders Academy of Science, 1932. Description An account of the resource I found this lecture series advertised in Il Messaggero della Salute, and brought it into the collection (although it is completely written in English) for reasons that will become clear. This brochure contains one "lecture" of The Crusaders Academy of Science, Incorporated: Constituted for the promotion and development of the spiritual and mental faculties, directed by the Masters of the Crusaders Order of the World, of the Masonic Society, q.v. Ah, Masons! Finally something familiar to students of Italian America, although "Masons" aren't to be found as a topic in the Routledge History or the Italian American Encyclopedia, but there is an excerpt from Michele Pane in Durante that speaks of a character who is a "Venerable of the Freemasons of the Mazzini Lodge." Inside this typescript or mimeogaphed brochure, undated but perhaps 1932, the seller to me opined because it discussed an upcoming Christmas 1932, there is advertised "Transychology," "the Ancient Mysteries" ("Revelation of the 'secrets' of the Oriental-Indian and Egyptian Masters"), Occultism ("Spiritualism-magnetism and Allied Sciences"), and "Projection and Psychic Levitation-Systems and Practices." The ad seems to be promoting "A Course of Superior Studies" compiled by Gaetano Russo, M.Ps.Sc., Director General of the Crusaders Order of the World. There follows episode No. 36 of the course, namely, "astrology-horoscopes." The cover contains a photograph of the Crusaders' "Administration Building" or headquarters, at 1857 Anthony Avenue, corner of Mt. Hope Place, in the Bronx. The building was previously the Shuttleworth mansion, built in 1896. This issue of a multi-issue course of study in an area of inquiry or endeavor not previously associated with Italian Americans - which, though in English, was advertised in a long-lived magazine written and published entirely in Italian! - is for many reasons, therefore, more than a little interesting. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gaetano Russo Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Crusaders Academy of Science Incorporated 1931-1940 Bronx English philosophical https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/66ea82dbfcf059a6e9a796fd60b143ed.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=awAuI8RMEqdOkfrUZFY1ehwZwTixAjIgD2uij3lJosVq4E6BCDi3h62%7ExsCFwRFIkaEBc2F12EGpS4kp52zLHifhPFnnfpr2FClxZDcU2FyrEnTOROeNvzYaxQh-tvD-yUhDEYTsijr6vCiTampc6R8rQfQ3FmuOFO9-ZYlto-qN-9sqtyPBDGqqbQa3sYESpXSF-O6siWD76IafXRBQJbzwa3ePi2Wvd8n1PJ7hCLHHkn0-72W0YSZtzYOPbsyUKKNlQokj9Bu18eFqKRRviRe2WQk-Gi-X92gCvm6n4UGhe-ndffZLge6Sex11FDBoAsJP3MbPqOlyPcrRWw62uQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ab226e76fb4942a862fb0c0ac275683c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Discorso radiofonico in Italiano sulla campagna elletorale: domenica, 23 ottobre [Radio Speech in Italian on the electoral campaign of Sunday, October 23]. The Bronx: Il Partito Comunista della Contea del Bronx, [1938]. Description An account of the resource Nunzio was the pseudonym of Mike Salerno, who edited L'Unita Operai, a Communist newspaper. It is curious to me that there was a Bronx County chapter of the Italian Communist Party in America, rather than just, say, a New York City chapter. Note that most of the flyer's text is in English, though the led is in Italian. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tito Nunzio, oratore/"giernalista" Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Il Partito Comunista della Contea del Bronx Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1938] Language A language of the resource Italian Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 30x21cm 1931-1940 Bronx communist handbill https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/19faa33482b70fefb6d717229950b5c8.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=VSBUOf-UsNXsvflWnftvi2gWLO5Pq%7EXVNvuqCJWfUIeyxa3HhjhYC%7EH8nZqVgoigNBJt3Mt%7EtBCXYbUwGAcbpSdKeUtoPqG3zTeDilnnh4qirt6tX2Mr9EH%7EaV9scghlSMUwtBMh5p%7EEog4Nw3q-gtvyKpuX2b%7E3qFtbv05ufqgSn1vGhpCIQpwxmpyCGzZS8x6GGTTSGERIelBLavrwTeY2gdOnb8EvWRPpR3bPc9LyIlokvuz0xM2b%7ErFOclhdPZHez2N-IbNT2OQZTambqezSG73WGVRR%7E9JQg20HmCth0nLIgt-k3LL9phQnSMtCYkaMlUQVU%7Eq5aOL6pU02IA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f1fe1481fa74f619b616ae2ea116fbde https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/f11378cd4f2553312f78a691309927fc.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=FqoZdChwm7fAve0yfWXSpjPAGBpyE2eo%7EObu%7ExF9qu5sXwCvYV-C%7E%7ETAKUuEWX-XxgC-%7EY%7E4qr52-2tvVPjdKjRasCUFIkSC8G5bY9xkdoHrkJkMTKL2MAmPIvGVl1pQm9C75alyITb6CmBHyTyrWPjG9CspvZwpwLYmX6prCAZcEoJbV0Dv4pppwOWUp-NVN9MwLKcj2IGtlDCe9IkR%7ErwG0ExCNh62AvTDPtvSZA2z1sCTSRuIgtG%7E9yQq-liO62qqLrilcIEiklenyNT%7EiT2mjfpbX1ulLVsSLFTwy8hSSqCMmEBkhcIex5g8LhOwxzmrv%7E9FjPWRoeRBtSoS4g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM df52c49a75362226c6fda116b9178d4c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Learning the languages: For Americans and Italians Subject The topic of the resource Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. Description An account of the resource The “languages” here are, of course, both English and Italian. In ways that I could not begin to perceive when I started collecting works in Italian, it was by no means a one-way street - that is, with Italian immigrants just wanting to learn English, with Italian as the vehicle to ease their way into learning English. Indeed, the two efforts are intimately related. First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated. Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825. Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well. They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language. Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian. This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grammatica-enciclopedia Italiana-Inglese per gli Italiani degli Stati Uniti [Italian-English grammar-encyclopedia for the Italians of the U.S.]. New York: Libreria Nuova Italia, ed. [n.d.] . Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alberto Pecorini Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 19.5x14.5cm; 510 p. Description An account of the resource The cover but not the title page of this edition indicates that it is the "nuovissima edizione" - the newest edition - but there is no date inside. The date must be sometime between 1929 and 1933: in the list of Presidents, Herbert Hoover's start date of 1929 is listed, but no end date - Hoover was replaced in 1933 by Franklin D. Roosevelt. And see the similar but dated 1949 edition, costing $2.25. The price has nearly doubled to $2.00, as indicated on the spine, which is a modest increase given the passage of time from its 1911 original publication. It has expanded from 452 to 512 pages. The extended description on the cover notes the book employs a "metodo accelerato" [accelerated method], a description used before, by De Gaudenzi's earlier such works though not by Pecorini in the earlier edition. Note that the publisher is no longer Nicoletti Bros. Rather, it is the Libreria Nuova Italia (copyright on the verso of the title page is listed as "New Italy Book Co."). Pecorini (1881-1957) may have been the owner of the New Italy Book Company. The cover title of the book corrects the misspelled "Enclopedia" from the 1911-1912 edition so that it correctly reads "Enciclopedia." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Libreria Nuova Italia 1931-1940 Alberto Pecorini English grammar Libreria Nuova Italia New York https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/a5f4e384799dc7013197931261e93544.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=d01GjxYHx5W8RssmnE4NoffS9Wif45JIH-Xxwp2mWwqdr9jEmvuGcTA-DPsNmJbzvbKPdV6UIRVPYcHaK43a0enKchZshk%7E8XCUAp3BzfcyQUG5w3HWMdjiVEMJtvzqAmiiC7NiuPwgTHHWgkQeMRp5yZDfMTlccFIHsd72W23xBmS8HUFUDn2trfU9Ml57ssP0fZMlxN9Z3UQ9HixL76lX3cFISk3-Zz7VP%7EeyVCrWZeubHjf%7EPU2FOYa80Nyz9tIDx22DrZiuVZNc0EPwfxL5GrsL3RmehfW-7bkiTacrIBt67HGvFeZfg2bjWaI3eARJSvX%7E7CkFlbNon0x%7ErDQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7b764b469e33fc502828a6913a9186ce https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/0c67c3bfd008ddd652d69864deff9018.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=bVJMssLFDwwf-R2CpXzljPKWySteFGKfAnVXeACCg2vc5MQZmVhYJDKO9Ij0-DnQ-KFeyC2%7ErzQ44RL1EYqc%7EQjY9tsxuqkLHIPzmYCW2nFl%7EAbJQlIVCek7KePVdZC2dIEQImoAcVnPpzBrTDFwyVIb7pZDKMWUOMUyPGMxZ8EeABa6LutJsP4TvYQro2Yr6xPR-S7YqDHkZo9vRJ1%7ECX2lelWO6Av7YvIWE1d-6Tv5zPKz48PGMuJsRiS5ERRA9VSaPRNg%7EZsTKfJIOEvReEO-eCML609JU4RKJbNOG82IwJI0NHyHp8sI6B8NKGexnr4V1Pri3gMBnaw4THyDEQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b19500418caa0f4e5394993ed9c64bd5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Learning the languages: For Americans and Italians Subject The topic of the resource Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. Description An account of the resource The “languages” here are, of course, both English and Italian. In ways that I could not begin to perceive when I started collecting works in Italian, it was by no means a one-way street - that is, with Italian immigrants just wanting to learn English, with Italian as the vehicle to ease their way into learning English. Indeed, the two efforts are intimately related. First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated. Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825. Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well. They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language. Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian. This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Italian Lessons. New York: Italian Book Company, 1933. Description An account of the resource Eighth Edition. Arbib-Costa (b. Livorno, 1882; active, New York, 1900–1930), professor of romance languages at the College of the City of New York, wrote texts designed to help students of English and Italian. This work would appear to be designed not for immigrant Italians but for Americans who wanted to learn Italian. Here, as with Pecorini's Grammatica enciclopedia, I adhere to G. Thomas Tanselle's dictum about the importance of collecting every copy, not just every edition, of any work that you believes holds any importance, if you really want to do bibliographic history. The collection has the "New and Improved Edition," perhaps the equivalent of a second edition, and the Third, Fifth, Seventh and Eighth editions, ranging from 1924 up to at least 1933. Clearly this work was popular among English speakers. We are looking for the missing editions! As for the converse work by the same author, Lezioni graduate di lingua inglese [Graded lessons in the English language], it was first published in 1909 by Francesco Tocci at his Emporium Press in New York, written in Italian to teach English to Italians and was reprinted for decades afterwards by Tocci’s later venture with Antonio De Martino and others, the Società Libraria Italiana, the most important of all the Italian language publishers in America. Società Libraria Italiana and the Italian Book Company are one and the same. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfonso Arbib-Costa Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Italian Book Company New York Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 19x14cm; 299 p. Language A language of the resource English 1931-1940 Alfonso Arbib-Costa Italian Book Company - Società Libraria Italiana Italian grammar later edition New York https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/8f7e1db01fc9d84f9996e168a4c7f0b0.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=tuMuRQi8DSnS0o-gop1kBBCfGKcehUf9kgfAJSp4W31g%7ErpzJuFz4tdXopesd4Rgdv6toWNNDp9gPiUVJO257ERyf6kNQkp9ac2X7yfCyxc12Wr3TwJWklz%7E53V75nlmbe-CA1BWHC-66mcUN0905fUCEhWyEHoNmkmtIW64p42YDhmVjMaKCcfOaqp-tzXmbxIqK7QGFZ8EEF-QEEL1QzzKl-znCg-D7FgUZmctkH240PYuk8DBnj%7EWzjz9kbbZ30bFrwoHdVxHoOncZtqtoR4T2WOC3W7aaaCOgTNiMHwU5aZTaVvF-FU%7EX7Sz1yDjXjVZsSmWyFA8JGY9er4gJQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a1b4e4bc50b84c3f169c4ad0fbcad22f https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/daad20dfeaa99a3f70356c0d6b2bd959.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Nbx7vIuJ%7Eiw4ni20OiZx8CHzcmvBfyEPqpOKnho%7EXwERDeFNhl3cd5WfNj1T77GiU5BM20te8%7E7U-nT6lU0WRPgqhQgJCuPlMOCm-z7wbw8UWqPZFQ6frF2es%7EJRmxBM59LPR4qOACi%7EZZLOBt-wZVH-79qtrVFOffM3zAtGGCyZf-P2K9pWvZmGd1ozsA2Wjz1BeEhQcMzZcjz6wGLhDiurOhFx-MHJIugP1QinEI7eAtQmIbA0309CRxvBONEySNfKJYvdjYOXQ87Cqz2kIXxHLt2OFghgp8YyD29rBIJ8ur7XkA7ixaBFALl9enGAGNpNjBE8eat3G5QTIMbbyQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 527ecaaf4cfb39df6f38f5981a3b74cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives I: The bibliographic travels of Luigi Galleani and Armando Borghi Subject The topic of the resource Consistent with their travels to speak with their "disciples" and the international nature of anarchism, these two leaders, Galleani and Borghi, also published in a wide variety of places in the U.S., Italy and elsewhere. Doing so was often a function of evading crackdowns on subversives by U.S. postal authorities, or in Borghi's case, avoiding being imprisoned and possibly killed in Italy during the Mussolini years, when publishers, printers and authors all lived in fear. Description An account of the resource Luigi Galleani Galleani was one of the anarchist movement’s most eloquent writers and spellbinding orators, heir to the great Errico Malatesta in Italy and elsewhere, a political agitator and charismatic anarchist leader, and a prolific political publisher. Mentor to Sacco and Vanzetti, the peripatetic Galleani was born in Italy, and lived in various venues in the U.S. from 1901 until he was deported back to Italy in 1919. He first settled in Paterson, New Jersey in 1901 to be the editor of the then-most important anarchist journal, La Questione Sociale. Then, after starting the newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva [Subversive Chronicle] in 1903, he moved to Lynn, Mass. (see his Madri d’Italia, under the pseudonym Mentana), until the postmaster in Lynn refused to mail Cronaca Sovversiva and his books, at which time he repaired to Barre, Vermont (see his Verso il comunismo, among other examples of publications from that venue). He was prosecuted for violating anti-leftist laws, especially the 1918 Anarchist Exclusion Act. This act, which permitted the government to shut down publication of the Cronaca Sovversiva in that year (and deport Galleani and other editors of the newspaper subsequently), had been passed by Congress largely in response to the bombings that Galleani incited his followers to undertake (see his Faccia a faccia col nemico) through his publications as well as his personal direction: he even published a manual on how to make bombs (“La salute è in voi!” [Your salvation is up to you!]). Galleani’s deportation in 1919 arose as much from his newspaper and pamphlet publications that were themselves regarded by the authorities as incitements to violence, as it did from his actual and attempted bombings. He and his followers of the individualist school of anarchism were wary of not only electoral politics but also of syndicalism, i.e., the use of trade unions to bring industry and government under the control by direct action, such as strikes and sabotage, the preferred methods of Carlo Tresca, among others. Because of these doctrinal differences, as well as Tresca’s immense personal charm and popularity, Galleani’s followers were even more determined to destroy the reputation and thus the effectiveness of Tresca, despite the anti-fascist views they shared in the 1920s and 1930s. Like his unlikely ally Armando Borghi, Galleani was internationally well known, so that even his deportation from the U.S. hardly put a stop to his influence. L’Adunata dei Refrattari (The Gathering of the Recalcitrants) became the successor newspaper to La Cronaca Sovversiva after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, begun and run by his followers in the U.S. after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, and edited by Raffaele Schiavina. Its publishing arm released many full-length works (typically, collections of shorter pieces) like those exhibited here, as well as pamphlets, sometimes without Galleani’s authorization, due to his being unreachable in exile on the island of Lipari. L’Adunata also published Galleani in Europe, e.g., in Rome as late as 1947, often using the same printer’s mark (a mermaid-like torchbearer) he used in the earliest of his works. The international character of the movement had long been clear: in one work, readers of an Italian-language edition of Organizzazione e anarchia, published in Paris (by L. Chauvet) sometime after 1925, are urged in a message in the inside rear cover to buy a copy of Galleani’s La fine dell’anarchismo?, published in the United States (Newark) in 1925. Armando Borghi Armando Borghi’s unflattering biography of Mussolini (Mussolini in camicia) was too dangerous to be released in Italy: after Mussolini’s rise to power in 1922, publishing a work criticizing Mussolini soon became impossible. Simply for speaking in the Italian Parliament in June 1924 against fraud (and violence) employed by Mussolini in the recent election, United Socialist Party chief Giacomo Matteotti was within days thereafter murdered by the fascists, a politically explosive development that became a rallying cry of anti-fascists for many years. In 1925, measures that gave the government powers to gag the press were passed. Emergency laws in 1926 suppressed every political party and every newspaper other than those of the fascists. It was in that context that anarcho-syndicalist Borghi arrived in the U.S. in or about November 1926, where he was joined by his lover, Virgilia D’Andrea (see her works in the collection). Shortly thereafter, in 1927 he published Mussolini in camicia in Italian in the only safe place to do so at the time, New York. This work became internationally popular, was translated into French and published in Paris (1932), in Amsterdam in Dutch (1933) - the collection has recently (in 2021) acquired a Dutch copy - , and then translated into English from the French edition, not the Italian original, and published in London (1935). Mussolini in camicia was again published to America, but in English, in 1938 using the same British translation, and was not published in Italy until 1947, not long after the war’s end and Mussolini’s execution. In Italy, Borghi ranked second only to the legendary Errico Malatesta as its most important anarchist, so that when he arrived in the U.S., Borghi expected to be the foremost Italian anarchist there (Galleani having been deported some years before). However, Carlo Tresca, director of Il Martello, who as a fellow “organization” anarchist might otherwise have been his natural ally, was in the way, and Borghi surprisingly thus aligned himself with the anti-organizational anarchist Galleanisti and their L’Adunata dei Refrattari, a move that he eventually came to regret. Like the Galleanisti, Borghi attacked Tresca not only on ideological grounds but also on personal ones. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mussolini in zijn hemd [Mussolini in a Nightshirt]. Amsterdam: N.V. De Arbeiderspers, [1933]. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Armando Borghi Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available N.V. De Arbeiderspers Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 19.5x13.5cm; 190 p. Language A language of the resource Dutch Description An account of the resource Anyone wondering why the collection would include a book printed in Dutch will want to consult the main entry for the first Italian publication, in New York, of Armando Borghi's Mussolini in camicia. This is the Dutch translation of that work: shortly after arriving in America in the wake of Mussolini's repression of the press, Borghi in 1927 published Mussolini in camicia in Italian in the only safe place to do so at the time, New York. This work became internationally popular, was translated into French and published in Paris (1932), in Amsterdam in Dutch (1933), and then translated into English from the French edition, not the Italian original, and published in London (1935). The collection contains all these editions, as well as two post-World War II editions published in Italy, in 1947, when it was finally safe to do so, and in 1961, which attests to the continuing interest in the work. 1931-1940 anarchist anti-fascist Mussolini translated https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/0f5f3baf0c6dbba5c76ad707a58a2339.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Pp2cXrp0-p4XGpZeXgvEjWsDWk-U1EL-CwV7uQTrzh09baC1mgGw2T%7EdDrOhpb56NU3sM8coxWYGoam0OWEPzuOt69eUWQNjm3mv7vqSQAVnQthjrqis0LLb0PFPmNNgSfknMc1o0-z1u%7E9HvQKxMjNxws1bI8e6SKeg%7E6poOggbBc1ZOlKl037VVIhF9AttwPHMJU8OKsi8ngSchjen7Le0s9H2CHaYRsupigYPf30xY0A0eajQdEkoG8xSBlQeWZfQWh4U1vY5CbnLIwYphG4v0HhQ70HhqIUK%7EnGpj6fww1LXNXDjh9ABOOqfn9SRCfQc7i2Rjt%7EAxBZsOGjBdg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM dfe13306d4b37d2a564f729860fe0ab6 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/fa7448ae79a2c961cced28d0abd45782.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Nk4K63d5nsbbHUMCSCT48M-McIA6N2KjyZknA8a00VJDwc3v0-%7E%7Ei9HEEak6kJtqoMxI5hpjkgJVo62VvhqFXQ8%7EyCJqEoNpidpUdt2c2SsSu1nvMHs3F0fORoAhn1%7EqLmQy%7EBvq1SiJQnfa5G6Gjz5FEdta2sO9od8C%7EAW7vrYr248dOwhZDeUvz5GIUVC7RJWaA60U8KldPXOsa%7EMeN7y0BNKd9MA%7EihJKF6meGzOYnOLkM4C8TKqj8Mud0Eh1UOOwe3zbNvn5bFwtLvzrNb9QuKRdQykTpsxtknAEqzw3wgDUBteuZ57WWEbrCCllykNuGpFJqo%7EGKXyfpBnvtA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fcbf37c6971a7def464bf56104ad5674 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il lavoro attraente [Attractive Work]. Ginevra: Carlo Frigerio, Ed., 1938. Description An account of the resource This is an edited version of an essay which had appeared first in the U.S., in the Italian-American anarchist paper L'Adunata dei Refrattari, edited by "Max Sartin" (Raffaele Schiavina) after he secretly returned to the U.S. following his deportation in 1919, along with that of Luigi Galleani and others. The American publication was part of the Biblioteca di Coltura Libertaria; No. 1, Gennaio-Febbraio 1938. The reprint in Geneva of an essay originally published in the U.S. is another example of the international nature of the anarchist and socialist movements. Besides Switzerland and the U.S., Berneri was widely published in France and Italy. Berneri, an Italian professor of philosophy, and along with Errico Malatesta, Armando Borghi, a leading writer for Umanità Nova, was an anarchist theorist and propagandist who organized anti-fascist brigadiers in Spain, q.v. Berneri in Ispagna in the collection. He was assassinated by Stalinists while in Barcelona in 1937. Unlike the case with Borghi, Galleani or Malatesta, despite his writing for American Italian publications, there is no evidence of Berneri ever setting foot in the U.S. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camillo Berneri Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Il lavoro attraente [Attractive Work]. Geneva: Carlo Frigerio, Ed. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 20 x 13.5cm; 35 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anarchist anti-fascist Camillo Berneri L'Adunata dei Refrattari https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/81ad42961b03c7fe4b96b3d298f94c21.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=rpW9fGjIa3zA6KT5iS6YZ%7ELlo9VeRSL3xwMuROx-W7D3jWVwl30Y5wg1GxrKM7zADLkBoJG-D7s376i5eG2PeKB20lxIUjIlWr7yDH64ziRnX14Oo3bQrZFsixWg7E4PVZL2fu2yE7LpJCRu0AA7T2Q1o1uq%7EymyXgdVmhv3YpgnlWz082YrBN6mEWsDY007kyWXyoy%7EVwYAPaIMurnKWE4sTTw5a1ezrWHlKpAUAFSvQhY6muhDnkq1N-LPZX4hykEvkBCjfT4Ynarxvlt3aa7HRvWQ9UMASG-vrgTYTf5UJj80y6AC1i4h2pvAAhtktXDwShESS2JJIiaqTPmA-A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e95d0ff31ddabf12ef967f9711b11c16 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/e2a839885c3f4f9d90e60b7746d86722.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=MWc1oUx5ZiqU%7EFS%7EO5-TH9m1BURxE0Yiimfb7v0uLFqTGZSBtdSVLIXvOkU41frq8%7ESMBmxgA3zGVzvDwtneAs2EAmTo4p1aofELxWSkowQ9IIGnb9To9ANOyjczLVFYBPOdn7pDLmoc6eb4XkuseL467UUs%7E3mEpDyf2aGKfRznvPiRrsjcpfVjVfIrP2FbB8hHt2elkSvvuX8twKW8TquadTbmOzb3TTtvMtPspixRrUH4gh1iQhF-13H4aa5Tlk4Or6YLmwgR5ViYuvetJ4WHS4O6eyd4NeX5Wjzg2j-SKeRiMxU45jJfCeQHhgOsurhx9sgBc8BDGNRsf0OHdA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b0127089a4cd3888040e5d912e84bf03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Histories, philosophy, biographies, directories, bibliographies, almanacs, catalogues, annuals, religious, educational, and travel literature Subject The topic of the resource These largely non-political works reflect a broad pallette of non-fiction reflections on the history of Italians in the U.S., travel literature, biographies (like that of the Peanut King, Obici), or the religious, like Sister, later Mother, and final Saint Cabrini. Description An account of the resource In these non-fiction works, Italians reflected upon themselves and their American experiences. Representing the non-sovversivi type of immigrant, who were more interested in becoming American and “making it” in America than in stoking class warfare and remaking society, They began to place themselves in the context of contemporary American society and the history in America. The release in 1921 of Alfredo Bosi’s Cinquant’anni di vita italiana in America, the first history of Italians in the United States, represented a watershed - the first 50 years of Italians in America - and allegedly arose from a conversation between journalist Bosi and King Vittorio Emanuele of Italy in 1901, in which the king expressed curiosity about the Italian colony in America. Luigi Roversi’s biography of Palma di Cesnola proudly places that Italian within the august homes of white Anglo-Saxon Protestant America, into which di Cesnola had married, and where he ruled as the first director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. More than the first half of Flamma’s “biography” of the greatest mayor New York City had ever seen, Fiorello LaGuardia, has little to do with La Guardia, unfortunately, but the work did reflect his obvious pride that after electing mayors in 29 other cities, Italians “finally” elected (in 1933) a mayor of Italian heritage to the country’s most important city. The directories discussed here, from New York to San Francisco, provide a particularly rich source of information about the different businesses and professions Italians had in virtually every state of the union, from as early as the 1880s (in San Francisco) to the first few decades of the 20th Century (primarily in New York). Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gabriele D'Annunzio: nella vita e nell'arte [Gabriele D'Annunzio: in Life and in Art]. New York: Cocce Bros., 1938. Description An account of the resource This is a lengthy essay by Riccardo Cordiferro on perhaps the then most celebrated political, journalistic and literary figure of Italy, who was also known for the torrid love affair he carried on with actress Eleonora Duse. D’Annunzio had a significant impact in the United States among the Italians. In particular, his brand of journalism inspired either admiration or heavy criticism among Italian writers participating in the ongoing debates (see Carnovale’s Il giornalismo degli emigrati italiani nel Nord America) for a hilarious and insightful view of the squabbles of of Italian American journalism. D’Annunzio’s nationalistic fervor for Italy is considered to have unfortunately helped nurture the climate in which fascism took hold. This work is a long-after-the-fact transcription by Cordiferro of a lecture he gave several times in Connecticut, New York and New Jersey, mostly from 1918–1924. Cordiferro's last lecture on D'Annunzio was in March 1938, in the hall of the La Guardia Political Club in New York, just a few days after D’Annunzio’s death. For a rich discussion of the life of Cordiferro, please see the essay by Francesco Durante, "Riccardo Cordiferro: an Italian American Archetype," on this website. Here's a brief version of that life: Emigrating with his family to America in 1892, soon thereafter Cordiferro founded the weekly literary magazine La Follia di New York, together with his father Francesco (1839–1928), who was also a poet (q.v. his Lu Ciucciu, in Calabrian dialect), and with his brother Marziale. The work for La Follia, combined with his intense literary productivity, absorbed Cordiferro completely, and gave him a vehicle by which to publish several of his works, such as La vendetta (q.v.). Approbation for the magazine’s notable success on the East Coast led him to make frequent trips throughout the country and beyond to give theatrical presentations and poetry readings, and to engage in debates, very often with political overtones. Martino Marazzi's Voices of Italian America: a History of Early italian American Literature with a Critical Anthology (Madison, 2004) contains excerpts from his work in translation. Though not committed to any one strain of leftist thought, Cordiferro maintained close contact with anarchist and socialist circles, which resulted in more than one arrest and constrained him to resign from directing La Follia. In 1895, his drama, Il pezzente [The Tramp], ran for hundreds of performances and became a standard in the repertory of amateur players in revolutionary political circles. See Durante, “Riccardo Cordiferro,” pp. 21–22. Beyond the political, Cordiferro was perhaps more drawn to satire, the comical, and the sentimental, including songs and Neapolitan impersonations. He wrote poetry all his life, and dedicated himself to comic theater. Cordiferro was principally responsible for the flourishing of colonial poetry: by his decisions of who to publish in La Follia, he became the arbiter between old world and new world literary styles, effectively, a guarantor of the new literary culture of the Italian American colony. He was among the collaborators of Carlo Tresca’s radical newspaper, Il Martello (The Hammer) even into the 1930s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Riccardo Cordiferro Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Cocce Bros. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 19.5 x 13cm; 72 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 Gabriele D'Annunzio lecture New York Riccardo Cordiferro https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/c2d21b930917e9abf22ed29a30f7514a.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=FiIdwp%7ETeSsN9nc%7EIT07zFuy%7EQXp-Fy0GPx28m%7EyIispNGErIlOyK1IFd0S6lYL-%7EzGxHHgcQsyl2Mf2BdWdPor%7Eq5sZUsVsJeMO9SO76%7EU531mQ196mwf8eL9aDTsGxBbw-lSZhGjCv8LXFDU-GlqXClSmr2DfceFvqGTMtKaUGIyxHGcT6J3FDDpic3RoNSpAu5vwOBvlYx8b%7EbZNOqoZYBYzK-FX7GiTn4RXuri5HLAC8yrM6YkiuK6eB-gpfjCByahz8MTix-MLwH0fqTZgmAi0dZb4JVj5mLmD%7Evz-07KmiKXhl0G1c9rbuU5BEILyaUqFPWL86jbP8CsI6tg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e8a9e8749406bd025c9e6ca97c516887 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/d2e6dc71aa37434030e39c7fa431addb.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=MIS2MKRphYr0bGIqYYguZN-LG%7ECS%7EA4NOuJGKDPn6-RP7fszqB25MzmuRv11nr3g%7ETLoBUTvPpZ6wBUFBrWeXcWWwPveVLxC9BT0e2tlpMLtZjuTNOKCRR9pPEu-AyMz86vwnaeWOUsKAghGsPCDw-VMAmsGNJx5C7-TBlNRV9tubvKQZNBLTEE%7E7U-RtfHK5YzKyH6aX032DsW1UATMDnCTQyu7r%7E0T0%7EwU72GFu-yG-eAz0azz0f9LsDOd7fIGHRFxmKdA2s3buzvCJZe8S588vJfue5DrEorjI7jysuJ6FhQhuy5whbJ8lK2SXEmXld6CHu-NMh4M5eUokWUpLg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 977ea23255f954c6f3ae68d1ae6d27a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Looking homeward: Publication in Italy (and elsewhere) of works about Americans and Italians Subject The topic of the resource For a variety of reasons, Italians in America looking to publish their works in Italian did not or could not always find publishers in the U.S., and so they turned "homewards" to Italy. Sometimes they already had publishers in their native land, and there seemed to be a market for and interest in works about America. Description An account of the resource The writers here sometimes looked homeward, to Italy (but also France and elsewhere), to find a publisher who was sufficiently interested in the adventures of an Italian in America -- the very title of Adolfo Rossi’s very entertaining Un italiano in America -- published in Milan. Writers looked to foreign publishers to provide publication, and possibly readership, more in keeping with the traditional view of book publishing and book production values to which the more highly trained among the Italian journalists in America gravitated. Some, like the Piedmontese aristocrat Mayor des Planches, who was Italian ambassador to Washington from 1901-1909, always intended to return to Italy, and did so. Publication in Turin of his Attraverso gli Stati Uniti – per l’emigrazione italiana occurred a good three or more years after his tour of duty was completed, and so he kept an admirable objectivity and cool demeanor toward the subject of his study. Cordiferro’s Ode alla Calabria, published in Buenos Aires in 1933, but reflecting a literary salon that had taken place in Brooklyn some years before, mirrored the broadly felt literary interest of the Italian diaspora wherever Italians might be in the writing of other emigrated Italians, and the global nature of Italian culture. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Italiani in America [Italians in America]. Milano: Fratelli Treves Editori, 1937. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amerigo Ruggiero Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Fratelli Treves Editori Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 22 x 15cm; 252 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource Ruggiero (b. Grottole 1878 - d. Grassano 1959) was an Italian journalist who had taken a degree in surgery in Italy. He was a socialist in Naples, then took refuge from the police in an anarchist group. At the age of 29, in 1907, he emigrated to the U.S., where he joined his brother Amedeo, a pharmacist, who was already there. Amerigo contributed articles to Il Progresso Italo-Americano, the magazine Divagando, and La Settimana, a bilingual newspaper founded by Italo Stanco and by Edward Corsi, which published correspondence from influential Italian correspondents, of whom Ruggiero of La Stampa was one. In 1936 he was sent by the U.S. State Department on a diplomatic mission to Mussolini, who was both a critic and an assiduous reader of Ruggiero. The preface allegedly written by Piero Parini was in fact written by Mario Missiroli, a journalist who was out of favor with the fascists. Amerigo's brother, Ortensio, a noted anti-fascist, was the model for "Signor Orlando" in Amerigo's friend Carlo Levi's Cristo si è fermato ad Eboli [Christ Stopped at Eboli]. Three years before Italiani in America, Ruggiero published, with Einaudi, L'America al bivio [America at the Crossroads]. Ruggiero says he has no intention of providing statistics about immigration; others have done so and will do so in the future, he says. Rather, he says, he wants to paint in great outline what Italian emigration has really been like, in North America, of the transformations which the great mass of Italian emigrants have suffered in a strange land, and what can be the prospects of those Italians in the future. He wants to dwell on the less noted aspects of immigration; it's about time, he says in his introduction, that someone shed light on the "deficienze e colpe [weaknesses and faults]" that have blocked the development of Italians in America. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preface by Piero Parini 1931-1940 published in Italy travel Treves https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/a906dbc4a57db54eadc388f956e60f3d.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=wMbxwTl0MOWbpZ%7EveCS45t0iQ6d4XEjUQGt6PInQLheE5Vax0omjft2wpIN6bwbky6m5yPin7rEgV1V-d97pHkK61LrLGK7s0FdBXv3GElmC-0wxTIovN1V7ktvhPuD9fNKdc%7EkAKH3AwLeNQE8ygMLFiRMITV--T6BM%7EIPrNCiTL5Tjj1NTmx17duB2-ekGUsE%7EB6l0d6nhjMCCbi7LB1%7EU1BN-FKuWCwp3KciHk4AfTPwM2A9SlicajcH1Awe9kiwmbwK9TLC5gDKx8pa03YgTvpdtldKsi0cu1xOa8bqYpWAU5NSeYdsU-x%7EzNKj1kQH9pmsMYyJ3GgqEhJ38xw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2caa7d860120a00acb5d73f8f8512329 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/69bec12a270e5068e111117d895728be.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=YV33CV8DY0cDoNIXY3-wLj8ewu09QFCmk55oWr7VYjJYNeaak6Ab2pDv377GdpwxUR41R%7EJldLJr%7ESpFHUQ3gp16%7EqRkQC8MLnDLLsKn9fECgtmNOqHpjqe9TEskxZP3w67GeXmJn5TeKkbex5gCT7BIDlkcXQMiUAiYp13vVLc5Qal361WhfbQWcv5GKpAW1w2CuEleuDe62AwU0gWaDCiDeHPKWqCcdrTx%7EwU2kQMclS%7Ei2HAr9wbi0udNLy0vn9WgZDrXcUWgXzRcQFFaroChiLFepThuTZu-KHjLsRPh3VFLTsEkYRKp9LlWuVwNVUKmgxVT5J9cYZGs35zVHQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4e4acaa83e27954e89a9238c5821b2de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insurrezione e rivoluzione [Insurrection and Revolution]. Detroit: Libreria Autonoma, 1932. Description An account of the resource This work was issued in the series "Problemi Attuali [Current Problems]," unnumbered, which series also includes as no. 2 the same author's Il Bolscevismo: Che cosa è?; also, see Damiani's La bottega for same publisher, a bookstore, Libreria Autonoma. "Lolmo" was the pseudonym author Domenico Zavattero used most in collaborating with Carlo Tresca, writing for Il Martello. Zavattero was an Italian anarchist editor, activist, and polemicist, known for his disputes with anarchic-individualists. He also contributed to other anarchist periodicals. Most of his lengthier works were published in Italy. This work begins by clearing up the difference between a "revolution" and an "insurrection." The first embraces a period in the life of a people and involves vast movements thanks to which human society acclerates the process of its development, while "insurrezione" is a restrained or local movement of the moment, with a political and determined object, or simply an episode of a revolutionary action. Zavattero then discusses the revolution in Russia and the events in Spain, though he notes it's too early to tell how that will turn out - that is, whether it's an insurrection or a real revolution - and finally what awaits Italy. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [Domenico] Lolmo [Zavattero] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Libreria Autonoma Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 21 x 13.5cm; 61 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anarchist Detroit Domenico Zavattero Il Martello Libreria Autonoma https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/c5f26958ab2170ab84c43aef428a611a.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=u2IoJJAoDnz26Eufaj4zWYVYcWwtVMQnGE0O4b5aWslPw%7Ec3t6fhlyDPO2fJUAQtDBu8Iilp-5vdTgRm3ymU67LHhanaROVp5TGUZ3KGj-iLlxWAiDDaIVfqNxKU0oUueovPdJIXplFNXuunmuyFwloxkewP8--9hK-k9J0V1cK6VTggNn9wykikyASKuEfQ93PBpyyH0PLbUzFjzu2z8SvT%7EQWS5qlOixuVvFe7wXheAYSp2tjEApjhVP8GE4sfNafS5VdpjIqgnx0QprNyy8gwUuXvpKzv4%7EMvgu1TJwMg8sIAshdP-%7EGP4%7E7oEO817XsJcugqPGoKcF%7E0mwl6sA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM be8956f6095424be461a3f92890c0cd3 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/6578569be2122a9ff235a21fe33027a2.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=mlYzNBny%7ENTBl3mhtw96FN9HlVJV8dP%7ECtJijxl66i4uZw-0nfsJK9H5z8XAHzHmojRPeWXndqbi1-j1aaHI1-YisH8vIUnYkQkq2XlAn%7EfnFLVFEcOVAGGZ9GGct%7ER3BG9cMZbiNv4E20nltabR-i%7E63RLiYzjfWpT%7E2-7kP-nAzP5tTc2fPewOYDFXrT2Mk3m9L%7Ext44pM8Ae4dv6JW67qHcmn0B4h3o7CoWm6G6VgoJ3vOvzJqztqgBz9r3GXlz4%7EMThgOPAY0u193yeXI1T2OYrjO%7EFaj7XSboVgWMBUEenG5kcp7EIhT5nIkF%7EMFwV6DG4dIi9WajEdqPRSxA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 787c25bd0eb7bdf8c15523405ff6da91 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper Description An account of the resource During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in Parole Colletive, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the sovversivi. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) Il Carroccio, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist Vita, Vincenzo Vacirca’s Il Solco, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist Zarathustra, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist Eresia, all of which are reflected in the collection. The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical La Follia di New York was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of La Follia into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained La Follia. Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country. Subject The topic of the resource While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource L'urto di due mondi: poemetto [The Collision of Two Worlds: a short poem]. [n.p.]: [n.p.], 1938. Description An account of the resource Stamped on the title page - bare of any printed text except "L'Urto di due mondi" without "poemetto" much less author Zavattero's name - is "Libreria SOCIALE Italiana, Giuseppe Popolizio E Co., 232 East 123rd ST., New York, N.Y." That the bookstore name is stamped, as is the price, rather than being printed, suggests that the work may well have been published in Europe, and was then distributed internationally to anarchists following the developments in Spain of the civil war there. Query whether this Popolizio is the same as the one whose bookstore is pasted on a slip on the title page of Verso il comunismo, q.v., namely Libreria Popolizio| Road 2 Box 1| Rivesville, W. Va. 26588. Note also in the publisher's note prefacing a collection of poems purportedly by Gigi Damiani (Sassate q.v.), the publisher's note is signed "G.P.", which is probably Giuseppe Popolizio, whose Libreria Popolizio (in 1952) sold Sassate, q.v. Domenico Zavattero was an Italian anarchist editor, activist, and polemicist, known for his disputes with anarchic-individualists. He contributed to many anarchist periodicals, including Carlo Tresca's Il Martello, usually under the pseudonym of "Lolmo." Something of a bibliographic oddity is that under the title on the cover are printed two mottoes, each in both Italian and Spanish: "Minaccia del passato: Arriba Espana!" and "Promesso per l'avvenire: No pasaran!" The poem is, indeed, about the Spanish civil war, mentioning Guernica, Andalusia, Barcelona and other locales of the war in which many Italian leftists fought to defend the government from General Franco, while Fascist Party militia fought on the side of Franco. Below that is stamped "10¢", under which is printed "Febbraio 1938." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [Domenico] Zavattero Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available [np] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 17.5 x 11cm; 15 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 Libreria Popolizio Libreria Sociale Italiana https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/2492543aaee911e69739170f4653545c.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=ODuTfprh4qSEcyYt0RjsloF5RMplrtzfJAUkCWVO1dAnU6xcHS1BacospvJyKSrqStinHYqYg5f1BMbTEjZFI6mo6Hidh3KSq9fYH1wNwwfsDBQzgV9i3oCwm4IaJdgRAyTmw4KhOvzosccYsDayfv0h6yaCqxSIxAg-BjS1ElH8EI2VVUddZlcgSC4GrwT9WbNXd38Pv3vYU2Nqoul-A8xTFUT%7E8ZVidMe8tYLr9%7EG9Jv5xySzxOOr4T9wxT7DFfg8Ou7D%7E40q7nHg28x-Wt1x-QOHUUXtlCDZ7Ly6lOlrc23Cc1b0Y2bpru98Pu-R026%7ERpfh%7Enavkytr07AuyTA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 31c719416e2e595cfe6b71e896dd4c6b https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/400f133a1e74be4b72218f00e21d9ef4.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=PCuqlPUXeFvvyenOXFLtdgFn50Xcx5Ke-0LWKQLCxJisuecoIQpDk5Bguoaz-3zeu87IqG9BkS-Xp3fBtpV8TBHYFrlYlrrUbvlu5EdlesVWbKsbcJM8VNOppbGSlcRPjKoEsOj%7EhEWDDYmUu7rx87wRuVlxImubPlg7pFUF%7EgPdJWaQxx9%7E5Z9Zvg96-s615fT3MdbfAwwyHeDYvMnAJtS9TTVIO80hc2lKRILaTu23qdEnyXLFb9svK9WucKoV3sfwx5Rae0nzkStZaIOjUNJUoxiW%7EIeTZzCSgecCU5wahr-JB53b8jhVP6pmBh4wXT8ikBc6c1jBm9Qlww621A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f2764348fbde09d00a401e053fbef76e https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/79978cf615cd56e4b28b679e247adfde.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=SK-KQNsZV6xBNJt5KJoo7AypW5viw%7EuZDZ-7vG9x67pIPk%7Er5C6NT2S9QokIJ-vIHzvUYd3KyUGf0w4%7E%7EVfTOpkvuwD%7EK0C7Ih3SGPibV7hYNd%7EZ4mDZ-9nJokdkQJOBlIbMv1vaHT5I6-HQBkUqO4y%7EH6eNPg7oVCF8k42g1HSHMFYhMpQws4yRnpT-Uq8cw3v8iTeBHFasQtNeugbeyOpmpm9gsFZI4bT%7Evo9ylzHsZDz2Xp8Jtu6fv%7E0x7jBuhkNEFZDNVmN2yJsNeOuzDxRTsAtZfS%7EbFcj15JjXLuNODSK259J0rPnc1XFxD--mxhgiEjL0woUwTUgMZzOR7A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 97b4159d9235e0540d8dd08f4ea5f6ce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Histories, philosophy, biographies, directories, bibliographies, almanacs, catalogues, annuals, religious, educational, and travel literature Subject The topic of the resource These largely non-political works reflect a broad pallette of non-fiction reflections on the history of Italians in the U.S., travel literature, biographies (like that of the Peanut King, Obici), or the religious, like Sister, later Mother, and final Saint Cabrini. Description An account of the resource In these non-fiction works, Italians reflected upon themselves and their American experiences. Representing the non-sovversivi type of immigrant, who were more interested in becoming American and “making it” in America than in stoking class warfare and remaking society, They began to place themselves in the context of contemporary American society and the history in America. The release in 1921 of Alfredo Bosi’s Cinquant’anni di vita italiana in America, the first history of Italians in the United States, represented a watershed - the first 50 years of Italians in America - and allegedly arose from a conversation between journalist Bosi and King Vittorio Emanuele of Italy in 1901, in which the king expressed curiosity about the Italian colony in America. Luigi Roversi’s biography of Palma di Cesnola proudly places that Italian within the august homes of white Anglo-Saxon Protestant America, into which di Cesnola had married, and where he ruled as the first director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. More than the first half of Flamma’s “biography” of the greatest mayor New York City had ever seen, Fiorello LaGuardia, has little to do with La Guardia, unfortunately, but the work did reflect his obvious pride that after electing mayors in 29 other cities, Italians “finally” elected (in 1933) a mayor of Italian heritage to the country’s most important city. The directories discussed here, from New York to San Francisco, provide a particularly rich source of information about the different businesses and professions Italians had in virtually every state of the union, from as early as the 1880s (in San Francisco) to the first few decades of the 20th Century (primarily in New York). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Perché la guerra in Africa [Why the War in Africa?]. New York: Casa ed. "Unità"/ Società ed. "L'Unità", [1935?] Description An account of the resource We can estimate the date of this work because the introduction begins from the vantage point of "21 years after the beginning of the last world war," which was 1914; thus, it is 1935. Among the advertisements on the recto of the last leaf is that of the Libreria Gastone Sozzi, which has the same address as the offices of L'Unità, the newspaper of the Italian Communist Party in the U.S. I have not run across the name of that bookstore elsewhere. L'Unità (or L'Unità Operaia)- later (in 1942, see two other imprints) L'Unità del Popolo - was an "Italian American weekly for unity and victory over fascism." Its editor was the author of this work, Tito Nunzio. At the time of this publication, 1935, the Communist Party tried to mobilize both Italian Americans and African-Americans by holding demonstrations against Italy's Ethiopian adventure, according to historian Marcella Bencivenni. About 20,000 participants in the march went through Italian Harlem shouting "Italian and Negro people unite in a common front against the war," and "death fo fascism!" Nunzio attempts to demolish the argument that the invasion of Ethiopia was a justifiable revenge after Italian embarrassment in Abyssinia, claiming that this was just a pretext for Mussolini, who had all along intended to invade Ethiopia. He next claims that rather than civilizing Italy, fascism is the opposite, i.e., the enemy of civilization. Near the end, Nunzio urges readers to join with the Communist Party in demonstrating for the withdrawal of all Italian troops from wherever they are in Africa. His plea appears to have been successful. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tito Nunzio Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casa ed. "Unità"/ Società ed. "L'Unità" Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1935?] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 17.5 x 12.5cm; 28 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anti-fascist communist L'Unita New York newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/bb1bf01ad13362b360efd73496d528a2.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=wHjfZhwOtZs6yQjS6j1jO5KOT%7EkTM5KvIMoNp-M2N7smIpCZAZvjqqZlmA445FTugMDaBQmzb0roUyjZEcRNcYxUQZbyxVL2kd4SdOXtxMvWgkVHPQiH-nKFqRfIRPTzCNYS8TvXunScwt1y1d7AA4njnhvCxGiOzuSH9lHr-jvQbhutDwFRlW1NIYptu%7E0Z06jXaSGUDeOWPCMOp8ob6CQqeOyjjCFhq1b7AgBhJqtMeGLb0Vql5T07TvP4Sr8Pje9Aig7yMkJQri%7EpBga8khirMO7MQb-GIg1%7EtrvPHHUgxc4fBAqlXdf6A8CP71l6ZJ4hBy-Xvgg00J2s6B9tsA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 472a5395b5a16ecf9288a42280c6c2d2 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/b7dd6d775a21d59a82f7d31a88058d7d.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Tf36Lo0C7-o%7EOAgejyua72Q5r2a3iu%7EvapT6Zs8zNbyWnqc2v0yJgmzjfGPSeKEUsGvmsT207xwcstRxKCLjplVCmRKzkzn3ZFzlQKuLWAn62ezPk-dRyD16ZGoZfguqMyoA6XvRicx2HZ95POgOushWjwlvs3Z-U0%7E8eNZQKIF8czuFh9FOD0qck7%7EfwrCy7r%7EO98gul8y6iCIWysZ3ayrigh0bSxVvYhSIpruzcPOxIFPEP9E4ZZi3NbGL96sIipOHd8Zp3QZBe0pt1E9LVZYSlBo6KKmHA8BY6xusDg%7EQ9Ma1VVb8RaQ30l-NxcHMFuzVsnggdKCC6gdM%7E5GUvA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d773bb207d751514a9022ce75a881387 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/0b3a44e2fee1a5394964aa373cd0d12e.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=sxeterLmTVN2Ju2ew1CorAfOBQ48FxSqFGhwE2Q6CHTNAyNKcO4p24JcIU-RVKZcCzNggirUA8ziMh6QdxUnhk%7EP-vSGPoj9CIkBbUO-DBexlDzQCsubBvrAKhFhEZGxhNRfWUs7AJ0BEjZekU17OBb41Fw%7E%7EZWf6HmwLGDgCME3Sh-6InDbwhtQjYefLgm4-p5TGVOXdDeWN%7EyRV8YvUuZ38UXT4mDL4kUwhDnwjBnInYRhyvYomFUTtdlm1kUFiYJs9ENGDoYQUSbUpLC3seaaqvWtbVQtEvgTRVIuDGCA2wiZ5LreWcMxtTRfPurJaxPrLbOO4CXRErPwFh8JvA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 543f15557dd8416d35f84379483ba37e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Attorno ad una vita [About a Life]. Newark: Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1940. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gigi Damiani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 12.5cm; 47 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource This is a short biography by Damiani of Niccolò Converti , an anarchist writer who published, among other works, Repubblica ed anarchia (Tunisia, 1889), which Damiani mentions. Born in 1855 or, according to Damiani, 1858 in Cosenza (Calabria), Converti died in Tunisiain 1939. He studied medicine and after a long spell in Tunis, the city he was to choose as principal residence, he returned to Italy for the first time in years and finished his medical degree. Converti was attracted to the ideas of libertarian socialism, which was widely known in Naples thanks to the influence of Bakunin, who had lived there. He joined the Internationale, quickly becoming the most active member of the Neapolitan group, and carried on intense propaganda activity both with contributions to the existing press with the creation of new bulletins. In May 1885, Converti published an anarchist communist newspaper, Il Piccone, in brochure format. His forced departure to France left the Neapolitan anarchist moving in difficulty. With the help of some French and Italian anarchist friends, he founded the Internationale Anarchiste. He became a doctor to the indigent in Tunis, which was filled with Italian refugees from political persecution. In 1896 he started the theoretical magazine La Protesta Umana, whose contributors included Luigi Fabbri and Amilcare Cipriani. He continued to work on the night shift as a doctor at the Italian colonial Hospital G. Garibaldi, which he had also helped to found. He maintained constant links with Camillo Berneri and others in the anarchist community. When he died in September 1939, the entire antifascist community of Tunis turned out to salute him. I find no evidence that Converti ever came to the U.S. The publisher, the Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, is one of the best represented publishers in the collection - about 16 works. 1931-1940 L'Adunata dei Refrattari Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/195d623b0f42efb843a9f8615f7b8ef8.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=p%7EXg1YM0t8zPRhUmFw5E2tCqSnD23HdhCvY0qEM7kHQ94tesocamP-RqD5r9fE3F29b-9Xe1%7EvHl8kW1PdCjgUU3omxTvCB4jsadpWqSs2pFFZrqcqriUz8mmuvDIXt-QqvSD%7Er7NZC-rhmjW4RHJYo%7EqD9LUvgIO4pSR0l2AFRTt8mrZcyJj9Ra19LGl8l9X3COZGOCNicSi-SUVJimF9CeXmmg2o4dAq0RG27UUtLRKKUYhJXNAsdnlMquU0RdLzeD5OSBNAeveSK3T1qotfrkrRKpxKHIRECxk6m4kRnIJo8IKMttCX4m%7EQ7YEXiO8oEXhfAQLFs7BCHP3hXaAQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a4c25f043028a7c6801825e0913c11fe https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/49abf6861d7e18da676a2c58fa18e34a.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=fPh7iynUX9fopeVaEQZjKEy5ihCjXChjTsM8rN3FphZPKN6IiaZqF2SXqKZsTj5ChOM0%7EMOxWs-FPKU1r2lS2hojMyFM4pxDBEXAglWPMxeLFU54ObR1N4qVAOSbnl2xVP0OO2DhPmhaajIv5n16-ewmmUYbsHAPFPnt%7EN7xEL5t6QrF7FBUtCTI8-%7ELlcsNenmantPWxb-TzWG49T5snB16ojBmXaD%7EEqwez27O6kD03qVH095g8rR02kyhq51KeKQO8jHGZAPJGpXTby6vKuy4safHweJ0x0EzcluvIRzK5Hf-sgoyK8wpAx6Coew%7EFUTjkbboSReeFSlOPpZDOA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1675ca7ab8d887ac400e1cb7bab1035b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives III: Fascists and anti-fascists Description An account of the resource The Anti-Fascist movement embraced diverse leftists, including Carlo Tresca, as noted above. Opposition to Mussolini from the left was reflected by activities of the Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America, which formed common ground for anarchists, socialists/syndicalists and communists to temporarily set aside their differences and unite against fascist oppression. Gone, at least temporarily, were the debates about proper philosophy of the left: the goal was to unite in order to defeat fascism. As for fascism itself, its roots were in the nationalist fervor stoked by Italy’s late 19th and early 20th century imperialist ventures in Africa, which are reflected in several items in the collection. Fascism itself, with its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_radicalism">radical</a> nationalist agenda, came to prominence in the first quarter of 20th-century Europe, originating in Italy during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I">World War I</a>. Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party, a right-wing organization which launched a campaign of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents, and forced the king in 1922 to name him the Prime Minister as a result of the fascists’ show of force in the March on Rome. In America, active fascist supporters started two magazines that vied for primacy with Mussolini as instruments of the Fascist Party in America. Agostino de Biasi’s Il Carroccio, (The Chariot) was published from 1915 until 1935 - most years of the magazine are in the collection - with a circulation of about 10,000–12,000, long-lived initially but ultimately with a circulation of only about one-third of Domenico Trombetta’s far more militant Il Grido della Stirpe (The Cry of the Race), which became the largest circulation pro-fascist periodical at about 30,000 at its height in the mid-late 1920s, dropping to about 5,000 in the late 1930s as Italian Americans soured on Mussolini. Mussolini also promoted teaching the Italian language to Italian American schoolchildren, reflected in several items in the collection. Both fascist and therefore anti-fascist activities were not confined to New York, Chicago and other big cities. By the early 1920s, Fascist Party cells in the United States were present in Buffalo, Albany, Rochester and Syracuse. Subject The topic of the resource This section of the collection reflects tensions between fascists and anti-fascists. But the anti-fascist movement in the U.S. among Italians and others had far less to fear from Mussolini than did such dissidents in Italy itself. Savage portrayals and caricatures of Mussolini and of fascism are fully reflected in the collection. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mussolini en chemise [Mussolini in a Nightshirt]. Paris: Editions Rieder, 1932. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Editions Rieder Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18 x 12.5cm; 241 p. Language A language of the resource French Description An account of the resource This is the French translation of Mussolini in camicia, a 1927 publication in Italian in New York, q.v., that was known and admired enough to receive this French translation, and subsequently, translations into Dutch (Mussolini in zijn hemd, 1933), q.v., and into English in London (Mussolini Red and Black, 1935), q.v., based on this French translation rather than the Italian original. It then returned to New York to be published in the British translation (Mussolini Red and Black, 1938, published by the Freie Arbeiter Stimme), q.v. I have not found that the Fraye arbeṭer shṭime (the Free Labor Voice), the Yiddish language New York-based anarchist newspaper (with a publishing arm), published any other Italians. This is purportedly number 4 of 20 copies that were not put in commerce (HC or "hors commerce"), printed on Alfa mousses des papeteries de Navarre, as indicated on the verso of the title page. I say "purportedly" because in November or December 2021, I saw a copy for sale of this French edition also claiming to be No. 4 of 20 copies hors commerce. The collection now has copies of all editions of this important work: the Italian original, and English, French and Dutch translations. It could of course not be published in Italian in Italy until after the war, q.v. the 1947 and 1961 Italian editions. Borghi escaped Italy in time to avoid being imprisoned or murdered as an enemy of the fascist government for his heretical views of Mussolini. Had he not been able to first publish this work as written, in Italian, in New York, it might never have appeared in Italian, probably a prerequisite to translation into three other languages, and thus contribute to an international disenchantment with Mussolini. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Armando Borghi 1931-1940 anarchist Armando Borghi Italian original Paris Rieder translated https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/15e7f6785b305653b3917dcbeaf06d16.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=ojany4CVZQGZsVspONxiPGrXBsq2vxAlDGRNtUz%7EPohqLrAuvz5ova9FHWIbVwhQ6bx2Vz7M2GeKOJ6xi23cz5vR0M-jDafLsDOXyvSizjV12gcQbvuoqi%7Eg%7EANOsjPRGmQFMDmAEOaPW-RRxkJ88%7E-FtNQBIDV-IRx1woNOzqnrdMbLIZH3fFcYKtIZ4KYyWJlBqGJaFoH2tGXxQ%7EXWyI5-iUmVAKacTdFj-74-Idv0mOZbe9nwNlAX8usJBj6A7Fypk%7EtrP-h%7EV1%7EbBeYWygVmLoO4r8%7EgxFmne-DAXH2akQ22KDn-b4MpVVZeDjSNJf8IxZ%7E2T578DMMdQc-r2A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3185f9cb8ac0b7e4b8113df9d42fbcee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ad Antonio Fierro: spento da piombo fascista [For Antonio Fierro: killed by a fascist bullet]. New York: [n.p.], [1933]. Description An account of the resource This leaflet contains a poem by the Italian-American labor poet Crivello dedicated to the assassinated Italian immigrant activist Fierro, with a portrait. Fierro had been killed by Frank Moffer (real name Moddifori) during a clash in Astoria, Queens, between anti-fascists mobilized by Carlo Tresca and a group called the Khaki Shirts of America. Fierro, a college student, had been one of the hecklers disrupting a speech by the American fascist leader Art J. Smith. Treschiano Athos Terzani was charged with his friend's murder, upon false testimony by Smith and Moffer. See handbill of Terzani Defense Committee, announcing a mass meeting to protest Terzani's innocence, in the collection, Athos Terzani, Accusato falsamente di omicidio dal "Generale" delle Khaki Shirts, Art J. Smith, presentera il suo caso dinanzi al popolo di Philadelphia ad un Mass Meeting Venerdi, 24 Novembre, alle ore 8 P.M./ Athos Terzani, Facing trial for murder on the false story of "General" Art J. Smith of the Khaki Shirts, will put his case before the people of Philadelphia at a Mass Meeting Friday, November 24, at 8 P.M. Philadelphia: Anti-Fascist United Front, [1933]. The work of the great civil rights lawyer, Arthur Garfield Hays, Terzani's attorney at the criminal trial, led to a not guilty verdict in 32 minutes. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Antonino Crivello Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available [n.p.] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1933] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18 x 29.5cm; 2 pp. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anti-fascist Antonino Crivello leaflet https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/eccbe123c0c3e4c9cb4aae1bf8d213e3.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=pc9kpnIhNJdyi0%7ERfcuHBInq94r-6poZmoJpPrUtrx4ZyumhffgBQO8Sfab-MFhTg4IWE2k4anDY2bbjCqW9TjRkhYCOfargAH5L0Tb1QTAgrH0txEN1wDVUT4tSjs34-cPLpA9AD4fuO%7Eo38jfBTXCqNpx7V3VLnD9eS42z2JHfkS4koCapl3T9RWoxZ5yX0IOwyi98wKnDm%7EpsGnb3a75PJ05nBoQwGjtA5mzVwG0DkzowPLBrW3eTpUPkP3Q-HxvkbrbiB0Zrl7YEsTiHT4wnUX-EtoXNKS1NOiwZeuL5wVBNf0VY0tKpIGGxeqY3ebrT0oUT9pd36Q085XV27Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 84d5e859771dfe3f476fdf981422a79a https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/bf3e9b328d3274a60c377ac9e35480f0.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=sKm2HtNF6VxLPbsq0URuqR-CJ-J8rJJ2tiLtCr7xWawZ117Qgg-hfxrJfgJ2U4fFbxXeJ-RlzEpHZjhl3sRD7hUcvyi03gDLB7cq9YNz0wPWg17n7df2cYQ6w3ACGfmJPJx8hO5lLjldMLaHkSGrlG5342TzqCrETHDV%7ELu8EnMOHgg1o8BIr1lgZfdeHUxMs-8EyOT7F0wY1lT2A%7EugQmp%7EZM31kflMAIeRrM2wuXZ4D-7wPIlMO0rKDJ3DjdB9n6UGlBMCjcvy%7E92dRfT8Waw7HZCssVsvQWrnfWiwpzfnup3Y9WA6-dDROg9aARkZPfhCfJuLeM0kruT33tp16Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e6d97e313e9157ec705833d0cef36309 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sprazzi di luce: pennelate di propaganda anticlericale. New York: [n.p.], 1940. Description An account of the resource While the publisher is not listed, as such, the recto of the final leaf displays an advertisement for Il Proletario, published by the Federazione Socialista Italiana in New York. So it is possible, if not likely, that the federation also published this pamphlet, with its preface by Arturo Giovannitti. Pulvio Zocchi (b. San Giovanni Valdarno 1878) and Filippo Corridoni were leaders of major worker struggles in 1912–13 in Italy led by the Unione Italiana Sindacale (1912–1925). Vividly anti-clerical, this polemic contains almost ghoulish portraits of predatory priests, whose mellifluous and caressing voices hide their slipperiness and evil designs. The unscrupulousness of priests is apparent from that most sacred of first rites, baptism, which Zocchi calls “the first act of the comedy” that is religion (23). “The mother feels the joy of a new life entering the earth, full of joy, hopes, worries and aspirations. But the priest doesn’t think this way; he keeps watch. He has no scruples. He’s the friend of the parents and the spiritual confessor of the mother, sometimes also the physical one. [The father is proud, he thinks he knows the score]. . . . But the priest is cunning. He works in the shadows. Just like the Jesuits” (23). In providing a preface for this polemic, Giovannitti might have felt some ambivalence in implicitly blessing this scathing attack on the clergy, of which he was one (albeit a Protestant minister, not a Catholic priest). Unlike the case with Tresca and most of the other radicals, Giovannitti’s political beliefs did not include overt anti-clericalism or a rejection of Christian principles; indeed, some of his poetry reflects religious overtones. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pulvio Zocchi Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available [n.p.] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 19 x 12.5cm; 30 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anti-clerical Arturo Giovannitti Federazione Socialista Italiana Il Proletario New York https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/ee2d680a164650bd7c1a8b460ad60ece.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=kajrjDtyLyd2%7Efa172CU-s51-rMhxLNwk3R7rmjTmhe30ZcV8KOIWyrdfqUnnJw6lsG8qfL6eZ-Y-FIatiJBHVmAicZo1eRuladbB%7E2gvgNXr8wWlMstbG3FxSfUjlfGH0hr9H-qZhsTDXfNAajuzyknniPlAcgitd0rQkmYtap5PvsaTxIGMPJdfcBdnjSyoVGNzogxDE0w1PG0AEWdzeF%7Ehxv2zI7RInI8NGAx09XaCzm5%7EQg5KpDOMxBGXxBAIETPq1awZn-X%7E-G4G1zC7wwTAF8KNLz3FZbdFzMurv4yyykw8wOs%7EqFD7SCvh7dn-3nkylTxON-Bobiy5I-GzQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d374e61daf571141752f6804ffbd2b7e https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/64fddfbf1c3bcf927d4035707c06937f.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=GtxPBVizTKHaupcY%7EKrwH8%7E%7EWMDfV4yIcSaSeBmKPEbnTWVUA5Jf5KhB1TV4X7tUFMh1et8hRBuXrsAhI6B6w2vlgwjhatOwtk-UNOkQHtVNQy6soPvxkg41Z2ZMSKz5FZ8RJb7ERmXvyRDcMCeAXRm8MxgFVkt4RsrnwKqhctPk9gCIAagGfHaHWooLgXlFIllfpTmaTyUBZLVl0pgNZN3vyt1i7vTM8rosYfzWPHZH78N3xIYjUiBBOea9F1f8BL3QPrc4XpqyKu6nY3wx1BREG7ahKZTQDdps9GIFZlcXgWLB-URX1ymXhOtMwsuN4boubrgTYwf-3WkirCzENQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4c7ea1f9540b0260ab82d56ba0e85427 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Bolscevismo: Che cosa è? [Bolshevism: what is it?]. [Detroit: Libreria Autonoma,] 1940. Description An account of the resource This work is in the series of this publisher known as Problemi Attuali [Current Problems] - Numero 2. The author, an anarchist editor, activist and polemicist, was known for his disputes with individualists. He contributed to many anarchist periodicals, including to Tresca's Il Martello. While this copy lacks any specific information about the publisher or place of publication, the "Problemi Attuali" was a series issued by the Libreria Autonoma of Detroit. Zavattero (as "Lolmo")'s Insurrezione e rivoluzione (1932), q.v., was also part of the same series. Gigi Damiani's play, La bottega: scene della ricostruzione fascista (1927), q.v., was published by Libreria Autonoma in Detroit, but, as a play, not part of the series Problemi Attuali. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [Domenico] Zavattero Intro by Pasquale Scipione Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available [Libreria Autonoma] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18 x 11cm; 44 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anarchist https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/49ccbe8d7e7307046aacfb091524d6f9.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Mp9YUzj8sj86g4ccn21%7EBmRshZ8chMK87025zI8e9CwQwzpXj2FaAq4vMyCyDHdUau7DKPMy6ZjJmvq1n%7EV-BA-2EI8mN6NjFQW1FpWy4wjownFLWBc70wnqUDNF85iXDAdY0HHC76OQWzdCKwENY09k-F9VQZaVDHIs3EFI3Lpios-kOoWJ%7Ea9B0kT2cY420yO7mFOcAYZNTa4hvc935Bk7DUvMlPcMEqiZ3ivb%7Eg3msgTv93YHV7FWui9CpKUg6oJnPYvOpkC2qQilkmYcJebwRJrgyUcJEYBVcUh4XwAAyVZbYYUtna0-LUlj8SmManYChc%7E0dupGFyz1la8wHA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bd529ead8fd1b311c750f67070d81d2a https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/d6d62347f8688014c6a8dbb18db07364.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=jdw7zUURX7765xBdMRtRkzS0%7EfMVPR7c160ccdIJyNgJA3z%7EHavDZ84rVNfIzQZyNvoqgGk7VgSNA-xMv8cm0%7E8%7ENnmkgqpN8PJmLe%7EHE2xVxqmu2UESuLGRR8SVpXIBoypcGxcYfRX3IEN5NScr4s-3zrdSvHaU9UkYtRSaEp%7Et0NLuxR8X1KqDS84nIoSnaJDVu5OVb4Fsc0aXjeHJ8CaIXDXbN5RoudWMqyqKWaTAmRvgNHhATGWkZ9gk0oFzC7E7mPN3TOq3bLiMtFw6qAcq5tYDlPfDH0mCcxZfik4EdYk%7EIhB23A4jV9tdK9Jf2NWnuDGG6nW5tRDntc-VjQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bebdd57b702dfd571f267a5cc5790e87 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper Description An account of the resource During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in Parole Colletive, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the sovversivi. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) Il Carroccio, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist Vita, Vincenzo Vacirca’s Il Solco, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist Zarathustra, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist Eresia, all of which are reflected in the collection. The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical La Follia di New York was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of La Follia into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained La Follia. Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country. Subject The topic of the resource While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Madre: dramma in 4 atti [Mothers: drama in 4 acts]. Chicago: Italian Labor Publishig [sic] Co, 1931. Description An account of the resource First produced in New York on April 19, 1931, at the Civic Repertory Theatre, Madre remains one of the best-known anti-fascist plays written and produced in America by Italians. It is discussed at some length by historian Marcella Bencivenni in Italian Immigrant Radical Culture: the Idealism of the Sovversivi in the United States, 1890-1940 (New York: NYU Press, 2011), from which this description is largely drawn. Madre is the story of an Italian family torn apart by the advent of fascism, with older brother (an anti-fascist lawyer) battling with his younger, pro-fascist brother, and the mother bewildered that politics could be more important than family ties. Vacirca's point is that fascism's negative impacts extended beyond the political life of Italy to the personal, that is, the family. Ernesto Valentini (q.v.) wrote that Madre was a "pure revolutionary act of useful and effective propaganda." Vacirca was one of several radicals who understood theatre's social function, as both a source of entertainment and a political and educational tool, a means to invigorate Italian American cultural life and simultaneously help make the world better. Vacirca understood theatre's mission could and should be to cultivate a specifically revolutionary esthetic, to create an authentic "popular" theatre by the people and for the people, combining art and politics, education and entertainment, thought and action. For more on the life of the play's author, see entries here for La Russia in fiamme and the magazine Il Solco, this latter in the general entry for Jan.-Sept. 1927. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vincenzo Vacirca Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Italian Labor Publishing Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18 x 13cm; 103 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anti-fascist Chicago drama Durante Italian Labor Publishing Co. New York Vincenzo Vacirca https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/3c99bc1aac6807e36bbce125587e8a9d.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=uzPI5upr95rYLPFtYmDGs9HOV1-lDl2o3%7E7A75uKk2naekeD3DEcS6CvJOedEkMZRFoqajz0m6HSw2j0Rua88EE0a%7EskFhsEgQuBFCtfgdFzSQ9TylECXlDpC1FsgsiNZY95gGyLfGVe80KmpkyRqLBVIFj1XpCUHDEwkZbReO%7EcEeCmfoFujkfheEn9WjaPwfY2ffhx96Sctq46cn71CEwuvJPYkv4qSuNKFiNJabQKDvMVclA%7E2vwCJngE4%7E%7EUaymz-L6D%7EkQnJJE1ID-wq9VuIz9NrNztL18L-nym77bq4Lf8qTdnRpJ8nsu%7EgS-cbvgh05bJOFcYcReviXjZIQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1bbcc97386127a81bc3bd7f2f29bc6cd https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/647a6ea4a01c285d0667f25b66df3199.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=hjSyhIxg0ZsJ47N3n5Ln6t7vXI5Wot1HirwaBWGK1UV%7E6LkLrVJJ-ggoM-X4C2yamkvlkK%7EIFV4yJlZ7mZSpTCJVAjAYHxKi35gqPLZrRTalAk8Q50gkCKFOfJPB1OxBBF9hdljZmpvDnKHsum0kLHW%7ENhLPnmUW593l3HOvchqozWUKKoTQKH5FmtZkM-1lPEnKb15GyxEgc42ydgIhbIOFnokPKA1bOlk1hil%7EGzdAfk48JuG%7ESja9icV03iN42GUGIoX0StXJVdbnumsCBotf77JZpUpPD7E50Gpb-YvOkQ2NF--uZl%7EE%7E%7EmYjJo9EPk%7EjixMlvdwUfI4BBDdKg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM af553025a993de3b15cce41a06f6ca8d https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/aebc9b0f0daf6314a6e4114b79034a2f.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=mYqiFO7mvFmFrovIj%7EziAC4IyHzvnhWA%7Eo153LSE5Q0-gKSteVBA3nIswyKgYJuJHCA%7EPlWL0lSROR%7EiydxRU-YThTBCyGV5LHIVOXR%7ENbBP1RBMZsKnuUuTn4juLpnISN1oCcwnqFKvkAayDn-BtJWW9jEqt-IVW3KJE-xlvcascVM%7E-7oxZXnXRysYrGOApdsNkamfc0liHbC32yUs8zro2g5dF%7Eslywm4-XC8t14qHbWWCEmMzXlpWT8s4mHknH3X7PhpnPxs5foNCUWP3P4kxCwqlRUt2EiT4ilgK-5BYK-GBKjoWXkb3a1WYECIei7c-D1Vn4vaN745t9S7OQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0c5e77cb945ef20ae453d794b3b37aac https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/fc76803542311bc3e2f798c7569d4b93.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=nltduFRWjapLbThicSEg32iGPPqf%7EQmESXZ-VrKBkulRm9OyCYJnN1xRG5R9f-xbNYwbHeBEme8QUJW%7EfeCqpjBM-ZKgnBYvBdDgSNYN27W3Gfh3IEQCN22ZMCDGkmXW7AQJgqlzd0brhLqmBBgSxiQB8LSEuQd68MG-Dl36NnsFwGhcJPW4TawGrrxvgGxedrUwlcE2Lircrxy92PXS6MAtM3EuNc0rEUZh7NPlx4KEk4Vte%7E63gKjZWGkK1fCO%7EbO9q7wsI0RDrcPpWBNdcdbUhmoc5Y6-0U%7E7Ytq9Ws6eL-pJGOxtZpTMLiZcB48oza5UYhe1K2V5YfAZ9CNOog__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM becfd3c7edb20bbb928c8cc178ad57b1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Learning the languages: For Americans and Italians Subject The topic of the resource Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. Description An account of the resource The “languages” here are, of course, both English and Italian. In ways that I could not begin to perceive when I started collecting works in Italian, it was by no means a one-way street - that is, with Italian immigrants just wanting to learn English, with Italian as the vehicle to ease their way into learning English. Indeed, the two efforts are intimately related. First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated. Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825. Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well. They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language. Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian. This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grammatica Italiana per le scuole italiane all'estero; illustrazioni di testi [Italian Grammar [illustrated, {fascist} Year XV]: for Italian schools abroad]. Roma: Direzione Generale Italiani all'estero, 1937 - XV. Description An account of the resource This is a good example of a textbook developed as part of the effort by the fascist government to encourage Italian language acquisition by Italians fuori Italia, outside of Italy: note the government publisher, as well as "Anno [year] XV" of the fascist regime emblazoned proudly on the cover, while only the title page prints the year 1937 as well as fascist year XV. The textbook is quite elegant in its own way, beginning with the gentle observation that of all the animals, most of which bark or meow, "solamente l'uomo possiede la preziosa facoltà di esprimere i suoi pensieri per mezzo della parola [only man possesses the precious faculty of expressing his thoughts by means of the word]." One wonders if this was the best approach for emigrants from Italy to the American "colony" to learn the mother tongue. The work is notably not crammed with text, but with an almost lavish use of drawings taking up a significant fraction of the page. Printed in Lecco. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dante Giromini Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Direzione Generale Italiani all'estero Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 - XV Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24 x 18.5cm; 169 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 fascist grammar propaganda published in Italy https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/b30025303d6bfd21b3d9a3d894f95f85.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=njaXSpcG1JMYFZqa8u84AeAO9hMQQxPTKYT3Mw2367VCLCs8bGkzDJD-g2ZYHxKRi%7EH4M41NsdJFqZ9LB1SvfA-lBSVh2iDGQuEoAKuf2WrW-7Z0pDNq88ZcFFCENAxu-1HmA8W3k5CbT9kKUpclmk2wOasC5dAURWNISVVr10-Sv9iUGxMURPSDq8B2VqY4Rkzk13K2Qmdt1O%7Ec38QbjfTBFA5YTUMn2FSdwMdkMQ3L3ARTMTHk13OZxRXh6x80TMRudD-%7E3mIV3uBy6Jp%7E4LjdJM5Ps8HiGlQ8DeP%7EVzbp9vyKxRFNyK276X1LwROjZnGVIKfXQI6nartr14FEyg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ef57a5da7424550aef5477c8ed9a2f17 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/c079f7d36c8372ae2e79d682e8cbba9c.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=CRjATTZ92VfyQuWUl9CXJvA41viqC1vV--mOo9a9p5mRbEKNz9LlgrJLmG9BdjljRUsVmmCkBLZOOOXtPrTi7hd3j72Hj3LUSTEgaLN%7Em-WYtI0DAckIpbFNYjXIXjRnrtmRkExD8ndlTmG7A966GI2qZepxOnuGnLdkwT1fqCXKp-aHjGUuGHPACnffd-QcevVVhb1Tov7yaFzN4AGv-US30FdrMeWraPcn3xk447vad14RKdYQF1W98FILWlq8ZJzQoieU-lvvmY7RBTV3V7Mqc7OPUTrbYLIqF5Vzx9cRnsqAKxpFgYdFTVklKAbmWn-8PHkkf7L9SBEnSJ-xIQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ef57a5da7424550aef5477c8ed9a2f17 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/c4d1f14a99e8e1bdf9df98eed4e5c59f.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=IPlSVRnZbQOYevwOGzziNf0BIMwAZBzlCS%7EAhcXujalgPWLvTwRu0N9Ezy10KFfigNIKaw5fWUYvOK2gxqeZV4rw7qe3se%7ERX323dIT645O1xvXZtRYJo3Xen4YyqcrCDuNMd8A37RWS3GUIqaMaLurCeRa7XZj3P9jHeXtYaOhOrBOkeBu5-jyf0g7jEoJgTzr4rrsRdi7TyvQtdya3rPpsfnzEsjPC2tG7wJsxyodFuTRbR7Nmcujf%7Ea23PAHwLju%7EQ5KDU6-5IzPtvTkJwEIZbZJP3itr%7Er5VBU9C5MCB-tAIvQPsk2ImYkzJo4eMMc7hvfSKDtOaU9HH%7Ewhdfg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ef57a5da7424550aef5477c8ed9a2f17 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper Description An account of the resource During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in Parole Colletive, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the sovversivi. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) Il Carroccio, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist Vita, Vincenzo Vacirca’s Il Solco, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist Zarathustra, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist Eresia, all of which are reflected in the collection. The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical La Follia di New York was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of La Follia into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained La Follia. Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country. Subject The topic of the resource While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La "Montanina": Melodrama in 3 atti. New York: [typescript], [1930s]. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Silvio Picchianti Salvatore Iodice Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1930s] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 28.5 x 21.5cmcm; 54 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource This libretto was gift to me from the late Gloria Iodice, a friend whose much older husband (Gloria's music teacher) composed the operatic score to this libretto. Though he sometimes also composed music, Picchianti (b. Florence, 1871 - d. New York, 1935), a Florentine who had published in Italy before immigrating to the United States in the early 20th century, also wrote libretti or melodramas on commission from composers such as Salvatore Iodice. Although the libretto for La “Montanina” was written in the 1930s, Iodice set the work to music about twenty years later for a competition in Rome, long after Picchianti's death. Unfortunately, the work was withdrawn from competition before the submission could be made, according to Gloria Iodice; thus, it was never performed. Picchianti dedicated himself to musical theatre in America, preferring plots about exiled families, middle-class interiors, and stories of love and adultery. But he did not omit the patriotic and social muse, nor musical comedy and poetry. He wrote in both standard Italian and Florentine dialect. La “Montanina,” named for the city’s curfew bell at that time, takes place in mid-15th century Florence on the feast of Calendimaggio (the first of May), a kind of Carnevale or Mardi Gras, and involves a jealous husband and a despondent but murderous lover. Two of Picchianti's dramati productions at the Teatro Italiano of 14th Street - Alma Mater and Il Grande Detective - are reviewed in the December 15, 1925 issue of Ernesto Valentini's Zarathustra, q.v. Iodice (b. Naples, 1900 - d. New York, 1966), whose bios are in both Flamma and Schiavo, came to New York at an early age, studying piano with the aging Hungarian pianist, Rafael Joseffy, and Riccardo Rasori (harmony and counterpoint). In 1919, he went to Paris to study composition with Camille Saint-Saëns, returning to New York in 1922. He made several lengthy trips back to Naples, where he gained some fame as a composer. The great Italian tenor, Tito Schipa, sang one of his songs at its debut performance. In 1933, he organized the Sildac Music Publishing Company of which he was director and manager. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America, Anno 18, Vol. 36. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1932. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Agostino De Biasi Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Il Carroccio Publishing Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1932 Language A language of the resource Italian Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423">Il Carroccio, Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324">Il Carroccio, Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325">Il Carroccio, Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331">Il Carroccio, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">, Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333">Il Carroccio, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 </a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">, Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335">Il Carroccio, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">, Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337">Il Carroccio, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">, Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339">Il Carroccio, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323">Il Carroccio [main entry]</a> Description An account of the resource This six-month period of Il Carroccio in 1932 contains essays by Mussolini in nearly every monthly issue, as well as pro-fascist poetry in several issues by Rosa Zagnoni Marinoni, the poet laureate of Arkansas, and essays by Edward Corsi, Giuseppe Marconi, and other well-known Italians or Italian Americans who were not known as pro-fascist. See both the description in the 1915 volume (<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a>) and in the "main entry," the last on the list below, with a hyperlink, for its history and place in Italian American publishing. That a title page from a June 1934 issue appears in this volume that actually begins in 1932 is confusing, and perhaps due to a binding error. 1931-1940 Durante fascist Il Carroccio magazine nationalist New York newspaper press periodical https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/2a843275a328b8e60d315314fbefe52d.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=hlnvi8ymekt-xyl3K8EO-xX95unXSxyNeadSuvP2sr5a66mB2HjuSlra5mVCvUY-gCrdtkusO3nlzH1tWxWP9UQrfeFdJtNS50HBNXOlWvlAYkpLUpZ7TVxZx84Q0Q7bbpB6D5id3jKAlfImpZ3BCGILlk07KZ-f3ozjm8TyLGrIiIzheIxpwtC0iJiVLD-oYWiRpA6egUcT8Nkpn-yYzY1qv6w6P73hYLM-PKVFd9ZYQ176TvLbWM-%7ECnRCYoltyX%7ExXSJHo6eRMlnbzoWun8dslDRp-t77KQliiLvtOvYzX7pyIgptq%7EH2Oz-jdBdNMc1b-LvUfBcJ9sMEi5bWcg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0774bcfc5ef29c79e0cf6cb7a08d8e91 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/ae1989ac557ebe6f992d1e8b0de9da47.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=oGoBVE%7EjgDFpORgt7VqaGe-sx65McMdmNNiXrzabXrGgBfRI5IlXVoPeilWJaRKyI2x%7E9utcCa9UfA5GsC6xezo4Cl7IK961sLStvuqAmtlAd0aaY6NfwRW%7ESdtrmvWTCHXk8tIOOIyhCRGVFMdkIbj7OSn6hZ1x5bI9MuWXgxy9LFQCTxdi57JBjw2boyeuLw0U3Iq1GT8gGIYWGU2Q0ssE4J75Mk%7Exbg3yIG1hRCq0T3EV4knjdca6tSkV7sWR2x%7EU1NLBabVz2IcIWyTLdfq1v%7EH8YhKOPP5bh0c%7ElcBz15quE%7ErurEs0Ju5QDjLI7%7EWrEgBNsEufwx3Ieos79A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4704bf76b8ccf41cc3a60ef1a1f60335 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/da8e942c3120b635771c7da221bdc716.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=RZng04bsvud0pbVgfMXoL3Cre2vwcCo9uZGWiUHbYytm31u4QGdwy8K9B3pWDSF0z3EQBslTmcGXzLRGHvOBXM06mDIQwSa2W7PPe3tZPHJR-LsGT806JG4ElBM6cP24fTlN-B3zl1zsfgeccQNk0MzIKvIvRVuFhEYNs4qGtbGfnF%7EDLz01jIWOHimw8lxDPeWifGrd8JsoNQlxUTw3AQJGN7zMiAZ0o53UqDVztSBpU-0MtZtmDa9Z%7E0hcO3E3qmpFRICPszXJOIU01ebKdHxZ8PNiyJ4EV2TDtu1Q%7E1inBjDrXXEtCJzqvse%7E6l-%7EaM9QF3hvwDtKEOwIJT8uGA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 659263284e9f3f6bbac4c031573b9af2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America, Anno 18, Vol. 35. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Agostino De Biasi Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Il Carroccio Publishing Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932 Language A language of the resource Italian Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423">Il Carroccio, Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324">Il Carroccio, Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325">Il Carroccio, Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331">Il Carroccio, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">, Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333">Il Carroccio, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 </a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">, Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335">Il Carroccio, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">, Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337">Il Carroccio, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">, Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">, Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323">Il Carroccio [main entry]</a> Description An account of the resource The title of one essay by a non-Italian (P.W. Wilson) - "Two Men Who Stand As Symbols - Pius XI and Mussolini," stands out. Some poems by one Anna Lannutti in the December issue stand out for the frequent phenomenon we have seen, of the politics of writers not necessarily being consistent with that of the magazine: Lannutti was the dedicatee of inscriptions by Riccardo Cordiferro of copies of several of his works (Il prisco cavaliere and La vendetta, q.v.), also in the 1930s. Of course, that fact does not tell us per se that Lannutti's politics were those of the left-leaning Cordiferro and La Follia. See both the description in the first entry below (<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a>) and in the "main entry" (1915-1932) at the end for Il Carroccio for its history and place in Italian American publishing. 1931-1940 Durante fascist Il Carroccio magazine nationalist New York newspaper press periodical https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/8448157bb01d50707a9600e41135dcd4.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=bCOjPWOY1%7E3hC6S8a1T0cY4DveQoXlHgLCfXdDsE%7Em37ihg4N49LASSYPIlwqoHtOKH8pH1taJ2vQeHdqPklPUj94dJDY-L70pPmgIXtSbub%7En47SiVwsLzXhlXrX-yLI6UVQRwMF-5Kipe9GpUCZkZXGWI8eMtlDeg3OIgK42W2bctHtVgDOsIT%7EnPkElwihQI76aCPJIpW26GWaKZnPzgGg-5VlgVLtEo9IhAbjh7fCyTtrUB%7EHJe4wR-tHJuy6qlQToBPQQRDcSL7rzwRsSYiTDQJB5B4ealrOM5EVY0CRqtxfOqcx%7EvSIYmYC54P2tScFIXsnpF6LI8%7EUZ-KtQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 92eec497feb74575fa8802d3a4210918 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/4222586cd703ff31d685e8df1703c2c9.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=dTNn1pu0u6s5N53tKcub5%7EJ2Us1mKN3lBOYi7DGdZoZLegDhZjLAI8W5yvjvrMlTxNudjEWYqSc9L11JhRPV79zrZ-S-UW41But6exUrJg-AI6BNFPLIy2XUEY5afuTuVXZlhiGJrIM5kcgaeem5Jy9xK8ekUzdDcWxd40DGJMZMZu0MLum1JuakT7N71qrNwKlh82Vn9tTfJA5IecbKM2pfGej-nCqSkoiTcm4UrY5sxJ7mhQDL4TVXvNVjJSXBnZtHfdz9EmXlPzhrW01h6LhJ3YI3jeLveVTSOcL7oWs3UlUf06SGCfJxWiWg11JT8PjfSF3mOWD38czO7g0yOg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d583cd9ec68ed853fee866194bf32119 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America, Anno 17, Vol. 34. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1931. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Agostino De Biasi Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Il Carroccio Publishing Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1931 Language A language of the resource Italian Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423">Il Carroccio, Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324">Il Carroccio, Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325">Il Carroccio, Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331">Il Carroccio, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">, Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333">Il Carroccio, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 </a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">, Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335">Il Carroccio, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">, Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337">Il Carroccio, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339">Il Carroccio, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">, Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323">Il Carroccio [main entry]</a> Description An account of the resource See both the description in the 1915 volume below (<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a>) and in the hyperlink for the "main entry" at the end (1915-1932) for its history and place in Italian American publishing. 1931-1940 Durante fascist Il Carroccio magazine nationalist New York newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/d01eb989d29901e3e4cb1483c69a85f9.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=OX-2eJKlZU8T8FpzFPAy0wYP1QJQArEYar8Z50sq%7EwfFu6jLNmTib747r%7E07i42HBGHBcG13guDVG-5JJxeWHmwHQ-qLAQg0RDFAf8G02ZM15NBkwDpM98JQA5ngkboOnhzPdhXeJv7s98HyKDQBj6Rd58iVXBxglxe6YoedWNcs0DTG8ce3aliY2wlb%7E5QC1A6K-qyWOOD2w93N7v6LoBmEe24nm9GZcbU4SMwl8g9LdV9UNBRNeb7TUVS0Iqj19hFeKkAGzTYJHnRym-KU3FHe6hxl%7E0VRsnJzRZSxhg-z3LGPZcIXkU40pWpnvXMfrV6X9Ail27OY0FmnAMzqOQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 20b333e0522c456bcf894df7d3129525 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/4d27ba964b900bb86a3be437b9bf24c1.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=P2JrROX2T62nsaPhAWuz9ciHJbSwiGNWllu8UARFoDBWXUnaepak4LO1ippZO6S5zNzkfjjy03ZQ3Dqeb4x4jxwdN1zw7F4dgm1tqqyeZCge%7Es5ACBIpsTIff7iFS1BLDnghMgCbLVlPiQ4M1-FJVp5VJpz03FYuKX5G5yWmYk39D-qw-O65QkYxb0a8t-NLTC49vaGrTL76wMkKTJTmE8CoRvlfsq2aBZRw-UuKNZodvMjsmQlgPZrJoOIysnLE32PvC6gdDbYn5VFbdiB%7EzsjMY2cPDjysdtdXkTsl58d7q4EidXFlZNFp0oy-JTNKA1feDgGAGb%7EpV%7EIUkD5j-w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f93e92a624e8eeb5742953cfb80d56d1 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/d78198d34eb87596aff935ba2f367924.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=TVE6oZLxtsDNqlcpIlltcPQtvScut4JbNoxEBEzwRSaiSfH3vwvsxGCN4wj0Y1q-FxwkMvxykznVuzTxQCMl7DkugmFZ9YV4xDGT8%7EAdD74UoGa3GJINK13BAzjEbBVR953rSrlJxbNnCSvElT6jtmTjtANDHq5RoS5gAtEw4ECkgD-5rtp9tX7eI7lf3f-1Z9QGq1FAuMA1myDUfLQFTB2UgHkFRFyynroIgh1-hklIcRNP49oyXR7XEeu8uEC3O%7EVRLDI4LoYMjJ1FgxuAEd5WFq2bgoUBJzFCJgoMzcjj7bBFwDEC73ScoteG9iVZ9OFN97P-ZMv9MP-AQdMBUg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 59b1112cfedd1098d7d75d235a4055da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America, Anno 17, Vol. 33. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Agostino De Biasi Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Il Carroccio Publishing Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931 Language A language of the resource Italian Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423">Il Carroccio, Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324">Il Carroccio, Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325">Il Carroccio, Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331">Il Carroccio, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">, Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333">Il Carroccio, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 </a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">, Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335">Il Carroccio, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">, Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">, Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339">Il Carroccio, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">, Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323">Il Carroccio [main entry]</a> Description An account of the resource Essays and verse by some of the regulars of Il Carroccio for years, such as Mussolini and Balbo (essays) and Rosa Zagnoni Marinoni and Rodolfo Pucelli (verse). See both the description in the 1915 volume below (<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a>) and in the "main entry" hyperlinked at the end (1915-1932) for Il Carroccio's history and place in Italian American publishing. 1931-1940 Durante fascist magazine nationalist New York newspaper press periodical