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Dublin Core
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Title
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<em>Political subversives III: Fascists and anti-fascists</em>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Anti-Fascist movement embraced diverse leftists, including Carlo Tresca, as noted above. Opposition to Mussolini from the left was reflected by activities of the Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America, which formed common ground for anarchists, socialists/syndicalists and communists to temporarily set aside their differences and unite against fascist oppression. Gone, at least temporarily, were the debates about proper philosophy of the left: the goal was to unite in order to defeat fascism.<br /><br />As for fascism itself, its roots were in the nationalist fervor stoked by Italy’s late 19<sup>th</sup> and early 20<sup>th</sup> century imperialist ventures in Africa, which are reflected in several items in the collection. Fascism itself<span>, with its </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_radicalism">radical</a><span> nationalist agenda, </span>came to prominence in the first quarter of 20th-century Europe, originating in Italy during<span> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I">World War I</a>. Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party, a right-wing organization which launched a campaign of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents, and forced the king in 1922 to name him the Prime Minister as a result of the fascists’ show of force in the March on Rome. </p>
<p>In America, active fascist supporters started two magazines that vied for primacy with Mussolini as instruments of the Fascist Party in America. Agostino de Biasi’s <em>Il Carroccio</em>, (The Chariot) was published from 1915 until 1935 - most years of the magazine are in the collection - with a circulation of about 10,000–12,000, long-lived initially but ultimately with a circulation of only about one-third of Domenico Trombetta’s far more militant <em>Il Grido della Stirpe</em> (The Cry of the Race), which became the largest circulation pro-fascist periodical at about 30,000 at its height in the mid-late 1920s, dropping to about 5,000 in the late 1930s as Italian Americans soured on Mussolini.</p>
<p>Mussolini also promoted teaching the Italian language to Italian American schoolchildren, reflected in several items in the collection.</p>
<p>Both fascist and therefore anti-fascist activities were not confined to New York, Chicago and other big cities. By the early 1920s, Fascist Party cells in the United States were present in Buffalo, Albany, Rochester and Syracuse.</p>
<p> </p>
Subject
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This section of the collection reflects tensions between fascists and anti-fascists. But the anti-fascist movement in the U.S. among Italians and others had far less to fear from Mussolini than did such dissidents in Italy itself. Savage portrayals and caricatures of Mussolini and of fascism are fully reflected in the collection.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<strong><em>L'Italia sotto il Fascismo: ii suoi aspetti economici, politici e morali: discussi in contradittorio dal Prof. Gaetano Salvemini e dal Prof. Bruno Roselli: con premessa e commenti di G. Di Gregorio</em></strong> [<span>Italy under Fascism: its economic, political and moral aspects: discussions in debate of Prof. Gaetano Salvemini and of Prof. Bruno Roselli, with introduction and comments of G. Di Gregorio]. <strong>New York: "Il Martello" Publ. Co., Inc., [1927]. </strong></span>
Description
An account of the resource
This work is an account, translated from the English original, of a debate between Salvemini and Roselli that took place on January 22, 1927 in New York under the auspices of the Foreign Policy Association on the theme of "Italy under Fascism." <br /><br />Salvemini (1873-1957) was a towering intellectual figure among Italian anti-fascists in the U.S. for the entire fascist era. There are several works by him in the collection, one published by Carlo Tresca's<em> Il Martello,</em> and the others by (and in issues of) <em>Controcorrente</em> of Boston, the anti-fascist group with which he was most associated while a professor of history at Harvard. <br /><br />He acquired his reputation as an imminent historian and a politician in Italy, and was exiled by the Mussolini government. He established his credentials upon graduation from the University of Florence, where his work included medieval Florence, the French revolution and Giuseppe Mazzini. <br /><br />Salvemini watched is wife, five children and a sister perish before his eyes in the earthquake of 1908 in Messina. He held several appointments at other universities, culminating in his appointment in Florence in 1916. He was associated with the Partito Socialista Italiano for many years. In exile, he continued to organize resistance to Mussolini in France, England and finally the U.S.
Creator
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Gaetano Salvemini
Bruno Roselli
Publisher
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"Il Martello" Publ. Co., Inc.
Date
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[1927]
Format
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20 x 14cm; 64 p.
Language
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Italian
1921-1930
anti-fascist
Bruno Roselli
Gaetano Salvemini
Il Martello
New York
newspaper press