<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Anno III & IV. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 19 issues: Incomplete Anno III, IV- 1918, 1919: <br /><br /></span></strong></span>
See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 (repeated in a few descriptions of individual issues) for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.<br /><br />This is a bound volume - the first of two - of 20 issues of the newspaper-magazine <em>Il Martello</em>, spanning the period from 1918-1919. This was bound by hand by a subscriber and great admirer of Tresca's - Augusto Lentricchia, and was a gift to me of Frank Lentricchia, novelist and Katherine Everett Gilbert Professor of Literature and Theater Studies at Duke University.<br /><br />It includes important works like a novella of Arturo Giovannitti, "Come era nel principio ..." and frequent contributions from Vincenzo Vacirca, who himself founded several important magazines that are in the collection, <em>La Strada</em> and <em>Il Solco</em>, and other important radical writers, such as Ludovico Caminita. A poem by Efrem Bartoletti celebrating the appearance of <em>Il Martello</em> in December of 1917 graces the verso of the cover page of the January 1, 1918 issue (erroneously dated January 1, <em>1917</em>).<br /><p>That a reader of a review like <em>Il Martello</em> would lovingly gather issues into a homemade binding, beginning only a year after the magazine's founding in 1917, is a measure of the affection that Tresca’s followers felt for him and everything he did. An immigrant from Morollo, south of Rome, Augusto Lentricchia settled in Utica in the first decade of the 20th century, where he worked for the New York Central Railroad, from which he was fired several times for trying to organize other railroad workers to radical causes. Lentricchia was also a poet who wrote about radical issues; one of his poems was published in <em>Il Martello</em>. His bound diaries containing his poetry were donated by Professor Lentricchia to the Italian American Collection at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.<br /><br />List of issues in this volume:<br /><br /><span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 (1 Gennaio [January] 1917 [sic]), <br />2 (16 Gennaio), <br />3 (16 Febbraio [February]), <br />4 (1 Marzo [March], <br />5 (16 Marzo), <br />6 (1 Aprile [April], <br />7 (15 Aprile), <br />8 (16 Maggio [May]), <br />9 (1 Giugno [June]), <br />10 (16 Giugno),<br />11 (1 Luglio [July]),<br />13 (1 Agosto [August]), <br />14 (16 Agosto), <br />15 (1 Settembre [September], <br />16 (1 Ottobre [October]), <br />17 (16 Ottobre), <br />19 (16 Novembre [November]), - <br /><br />incomplete Anno IV - 1919, Nos.<br />1 (1 Gennaio), <br />2 (16 Gennaio), <br />3 (1 Febbraio). </span></p>
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
16 Aprile [April] 1918 - ???
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, <br />Anno II, IV - 1918-1919 (incomple)<br /><br /></strong></span></span><span><strong>New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919.<br /></span></strong></span>
<p>See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 (repeated in a few descriptions of individual issues) for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.<br /><br />Bound volume - the second of two - of 23 issues of the newspaper-magazine <em>Il Martello</em>, spanning the period from January 1918 (Volume 3, No. 1) to February 1919 (Volume 4, No. 3), with no post-February issues in the second, 1919 volume. This volume is largely duplicative -but in unfailing chronological order, unlike the other volume - of the first volume bound by Augusto Lentricchia and was a gift to me of Frank Lentricchia, novelist and Katherine Everett Gilbert Professor of Literature and Theater Studies at Duke University.<br /><br /></p>
<p>That a reader of a review like <em>Il Martello</em> would lovingly gather issues into a homemade binding, beginning only a year after the founding of <em>Il Martello</em> in 1917, is a measure of the affection that Tresca’s followers felt for him and everything he did. An immigrant from Morollo, south of Rome, Augusto Lentricchia settled in Utica in the first decade of the 20th century, where he worked for the New York Central Railroad, from which he was fired several times for trying to organize other railroad workers to radical causes. Lentricchia was also a poet who wrote about radical issues; one of his poems was published in <em>Il Martello</em>. His bound diaries containing his poetry were donated by Professor Frank Lentricchia to the Italian American Collection at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.<br /><br />This volume includes:<br /><br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 1 - 1 Gennaio [January] 1917 [i.e. 1918]<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 2 - 16 Gennaio [January] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 3 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 4 - 1 Marzo [March] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 5 - 16 Marzo [March] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 6 - 1 Aprile [April] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, Numero Special<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 8 - 16 Maggio [May] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 9 - 1 Giugno [June] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 10 - 16 Giugno [June] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 11 - 1 Luglio [July] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 12 - 16 Luglio [July] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 13 - 1 Agosto [August] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 14 - 16 Agosto [August] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 15 - 1 Settembre [September] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 16 - 1 Ottobre [October] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 17 - 16 Ottobre [October] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 18 - 1 Novembre [November] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 19 - 16 Novembre [November] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno IV, No. 1 - 1 Gennaio [January] 1919<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno IV, No. 2 - 16 Gennaio [January] 1919<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno IV, No. 3 - 1 Febbraio [February] 1919<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno IV, Supplemento al No. 3 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</p>
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol 28, No. 3. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 14 Marzo [March] 1943.<br /></span></strong></span>
See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
14 Marzo [March] 1943
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3-4, 1918-1919</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol 28, No. 2. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 28 Febbraio [February] 1943.<br /></span></strong></span>
See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
28 Febbraio [February] 1943
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 7 - ??? - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">16 Aprile [April] 1918 - ???</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol 28, No. 1. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 14 Gennaio [January] 1943.<br /></span></strong></span>
See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
14 Gennaio [January] 1943
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 7 - ??? - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">16 Aprile [April] 1918 - ???</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol. VIII, No. 14. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 27 Aprile [April] 1922.<br /></span></strong></span>
See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
27 Aprile [April] 1922
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 7 - ??? - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">16 Aprile [April] 1918 - ???</span></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol. VIII, No. 8. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 4 Marzo [March] 1922.</span></strong></span>
Carlo Tresca was the editor-in-chief (or equivalent) at several radical newspapers over his career, but the one that he founded and ran for decades — <em>Il Martello</em> — is the one most closely identified with him, and he with it. <br /><br />Tresca founded <em>Il Martello</em> in 1917, and he directed it (with some interruptions due to poor finances) until his assassination in 1943. <br /><br />As is evident from the broad range of writing genres it encompassed, <em>Il Martello</em> was not a traditional Italian anarchist newspaper or a “movement” publication in the specific way that <em>La Questione Sociale</em> (edited by Ludovico Caminita and by Galleani briefly) was for anarcho-syndicalists, or the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> and <em>L’Adunata dei Refrattari</em> were for anti-organizationist anarchist communists like Galleani and his followers. <br /><br />Rather, <em>Il Martello</em> was too eclectic and unorthodox, like Tresca himself, to be classified according to conventional typology —“You can’t label him. You can’t classify him,” said Max Eastman in a famous <em>The New Yorker</em> profile. <br /><br />The personal affection that Tresca’s friends and colleagues had for him infuriated the more cerebral Galleani and his ultraloyal founders, who unfairly attacked Tresca personally when they were unable to do so doctrinally.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
4 Marzo [March] 1922
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3-4, 1918-1919</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol. VII, No. 42. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 12 Dicembre [December] 1921.<br /></span></strong></span>
Carlo Tresca was the editor-in-chief (or equivalent) at several radical newspapers over his career, but the one that he founded and ran for decades — <em>Il Martello</em> — is the one most closely identified with him, and he with it. <br /><br />Tresca founded <em>Il Martello</em> in 1917, and he directed it (with some interruptions due to poor finances) until his assassination in 1943. <br /><br />As is evident from the broad range of writing genres it encompassed, <em>Il Martello</em> was not a traditional Italian anarchist newspaper or a “movement” publication in the specific way that <em>La Questione Sociale</em> (edited by Ludovico Caminita and by Galleani briefly) was for anarcho-syndicalists, or the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> and <em>L’Adunata dei Refrattari</em> were for anti-organizationist anarchist communists like Galleani and his followers. <br /><br />Rather, <em>Il Martello</em> was too eclectic and unorthodox, like Tresca himself, to be classified according to conventional typology —“You can’t label him. You can’t classify him,” said Max Eastman in a famous <em>The New Yorker</em> profile. <br /><br />The personal affection that Tresca’s friends and colleagues had for him infuriated the more cerebral Galleani and his ultraloyal founders, who unfairly attacked Tresca personally when they were unable to do so doctrinally.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
12 Dicembre [December] 1921
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3-4, 1918-1919</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol. VII, No. 24. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 19 Luglio [July] 1921.</span></strong></span>
Carlo Tresca was the editor-in-chief (or equivalent) at several radical newspapers over his career, but the one that he founded and ran for decades — <em>Il Martello</em> — is the one most closely identified with him, and he with it. <br /><br />Tresca founded <em>Il Martello</em> in 1917, and he directed it (with some interruptions due to poor finances) until his assassination in 1943. <br /><br />As is evident from the broad range of writing genres it encompassed, <em>Il Martello</em> was not a traditional Italian anarchist newspaper or a “movement” publication in the specific way that <em>La Questione Sociale</em> (edited by Ludovico Caminita and by Galleani briefly) was for anarcho-syndicalists, or the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> and <em>L’Adunata dei Refrattari</em> were for anti-organizationist anarchist communists like Galleani and his followers. <br /><br />Rather, <em>Il Martello</em> was too eclectic and unorthodox, like Tresca himself, to be classified according to conventional typology —“You can’t label him. You can’t classify him,” said Max Eastman in a famous <em>The New Yorker</em> profile. <br /><br />The personal affection that Tresca’s friends and colleagues had for him infuriated the more cerebral Galleani and his ultraloyal founders, who unfairly attacked Tresca personally when they were unable to do so doctrinally.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
19 Luglio [July] 1921
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3-4, 1918-1919<br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol. VII, No. 9. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 19 Marzo [March] 1921.</span></strong></span>
Carlo Tresca was the editor-in-chief (or equivalent) at several radical newspapers over his career, but the one that he founded and ran for decades — <em>Il Martello</em> — is the one most closely identified with him, and he with it. <br /><br />Tresca founded <em>Il Martello</em> in 1917, and he directed it (with some interruptions due to poor finances) until his assassination in 1943. <br /><br />As is evident from the broad range of writing genres it encompassed, <em>Il Martello</em> was not a traditional Italian anarchist newspaper or a “movement” publication in the specific way that <em>La Questione Sociale</em> (edited by Galleani and Caminita) was for anarcho-syndicalists. <br /><br />Rather, <em>Il Martello</em> was too eclectic and unorthodox, like Tresca himself, to be classified according to conventional typology —“You can’t label him. You can’t classify him,” said Max Eastman in a famous profile in <em>The New Yorker</em>. <br /><br />The personal affection that Tresca’s friends and colleagues had for him infuriated the more cerebral Galleani and his ultraloyal founders, who unfairly attacked Tresca personally when they were unable to do so doctrinally.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
19 Marzo [March] 1921
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3-4, 1918-1919</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 1918-1943.</span></strong><br /></span>
Carlo Tresca was the editor-in-chief (or equivalent) at several radical newspapers over his career, but the one that he founded and ran for decades — <em>Il Martello</em> — is the one most closely identified with him, and he with it. <br /><br />Tresca founded <em>Il Martello</em> in 1916, and he directed it (with some interruptions due to poor finances) until his assassination in 1943; the paper continued for a few more years, until 1946. <br /><br />As is evident from the broad range of writing genres it encompassed, <em>Il Martello</em> was not a traditional Italian anarchist newspaper or a “movement” publication in the specific way that <em>La Questione Sociale</em> (edited by Galleani and Caminita) was for anarcho-syndicalists. <br /><br />Rather, <em>Il Martello</em> was too eclectic and unorthodox, like Tresca himself, to be classified according to conventional typology —“You can’t label him. You can’t classify him,” said Max Eastman in a famous profile in <em>The New Yorker</em>.<br /><br /><span>In 1923, </span><i>Il Martello</i><span> reached international distribution, being mailed throughout Italy. Tresca mailed his paper to subscribers in Italy without charging any money, according to Nunzio Pernicone in <em>Carlo Tresca: Portrait of a Rebel</em>. The Italian government responded by banning the importation of </span><i>Il Martello. </i>This was probably a "first" for an Italian-language American periodical's foray into the Italian market. (It's the converse of the banning of export of L'Asino from Rome to the United States that led to the "publication" in New York of the same magazine, with the same cartoons and stories but with advertisements from New York Italian businesses, not Roman ones.)<br /><br />The personal affection that Tresca’s friends and colleagues had for him infuriated the more cerebral Galleani and his ultraloyal founders, who unfairly attacked Tresca personally when they were unable to do so doctrinally. Still, there was plenty in Tresca's life - e.g., his affair with a 16-year old tutoring him in English - that merited personal disapproval and even condemnation with Galleanisti looking very hard.<br /><br />The collection includes:<br /><br /><div id="dublin-core-title" class="element">
<div class="field two columns alpha">Title</div>
<div class="element-text five columns omega">
<p><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III - IV, 1918-1919 - 20 issues</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III - IV, 1918-1919 </a>- 23 issues<br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno (Vol.) 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno (Vol.) 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno (Vol. 7), No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a></p>
</div>
</div>
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
Italian
<strong><em>Dio e patria: nel pensiero dei rinnegati.</em> New York: [n.p.], [c. 1924-1925].</strong>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">This work reproduces, first, the record of a debate on March 25, 1904 (and Mussolini’s preface thereto, dated July 1904), in Lausanne (Lossana), Switzerland between the then virulently anti-clerical young socialist Mussolini, already known for his violent oratory and animal vitality, and the evangelist Taglialatella over the existence of God, in which Mussolini affirmed his belief in the absurdity of the concept of God. <br /><br />The editors here note that they are republishing the record of this debate twenty years later — after Mussolini became Italy’s prime minister, but probably before he became “Il Duce” in 1925 — to reflect a favorite radical theme about the once anti-clerical Mussolini: that in consolidating his power and distancing himself from his early socialist and anti-clerical roots, he embraced the Church and capitalism, and in so doing became a “</span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">voltagabbana”</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> (turncoat) to his origins. See also reference to Paolo Valera's <em>Mussolini</em>, to the same effect, in description of his <em>Il fascismo</em>.<br /><br />The second essay recounts a religious debate between Tancredi and a priest in Providence, R.I., on December 11, 1910, subsequent to the first edition. See Antinatale (New York, 1910]for another work in the Collection by Tancredi. The third is a translation of a French political philosopher’s argument about the “lies” of patriotism.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">It was at the time and place of the 1904 debate that Carlo Tresca met Mussolini, who chided the older Tresca for “not being revolutionary” enough, according to Tresca in his autobiography. It is difficult to imagine anything more ironic, given their later histories, than that Mussolini could have said at any time that Tresca “was not sufficiently imbued with the spirit of revolt.” </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">This undated work calls itself a “second edition” at “the distance of twenty years” from its first appearance in print. Indeed, it would have been virtually impossible to print or publish it in Italy, if it was in fact 1924, for by that time, Mussolini had managed to pass legislation to gag the press.</span></p>
This work was heavily advertised in <em>Il Martello</em> in 1924-1925.
Benito Mussolini
[Libero] Tancredi
[Gustavo] Herve
[n.p.]
[c. 1924-1925]
18.5 x 12cm; 133 p.
Italian
<strong><em>L'anima; Il diavolo e L'inferno</em> </strong>[The Soul, the Devil and Hell]. <strong>New York: Casa ed. del <em>Martello</em>, 1924.</strong>
The preface by Carlo Tresca sets up the themes of the work: that believers think the soul is immortal, that there is an "eternal world" that he deems "horrible" in which believers are supposed to - according to his usual enemies, the priests - both suffer pain and experience happiness from a "gruff but good God." <br /><br />Professor Villa, in Part I of this wide-ranging philosophical tract, looks at the soul and the doctrine of immortality, which, he says, allows believers to ignore the injustices of this world because of their focus on the next. <br /><br />TTS (whose real name I do not know), in Part II, traces the meaning and history of the devil. The author asked himself as a child, "Why did God create the Devil?" <br /><br />In the longest section of this work, Part III, Alete Dal Canto (b. Roma 1883 - d. Roma 1968) traces the idea of Hell, which he says, is as old as the mountains, in Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Chinese and other cultures.
A. Villa
Carlo Tresca
TTS
Alete Dal Canto
Casa ed. del Martello
1924
18.5 x 12.25cm; 133 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Chi uccise Carlo Tresca?</em></strong> [Who Killed Carlo Tresca?] <strong>New York: Tresca Memorial Committee, [1947].</strong>
The cover of this pamphlet (as well as the English language version, in English) notes “Con prefazioni di Arturo Giovannitti e John Dos Passos.” In the earlier (1945) English language version, also in the collection, the goal is stated: to incite readers to “stir the authorities out of their lethargy in the Tresca situation,” urging them to contact Manhattan District Aattorney Frank S. Hogan and the newly appointed police commissioner to undertake a new and independent investigation. This Italian version, issued two years after the English version, also in the Collection, lacks this exhortation at the end, probably because it was no longer timely. <br /><br />As Giovannitti asks in his preface, “Who had any reason to have Carlo murdered? . . . For this man was everybody’s friend, tutor, and counselor; he really loved everybody from the derelict and the destitute up to the teacher, the healer, even the man of affairs. . . . He was a friend of the policeman who arrested him scores of times, of the District Attorney who denounced him as an enemy of society but ate and drank at his table, the jailer who locked him up for interminable days. . . .” <br /><br />Tresca’s attacks on Mussolini were almost surely responsible for his assassination. One evening in 1943 — the same year in which Mussolini was deposed — upon leaving the office of his newspaper, <em>Il Martello</em>, in Union Square, Tresca was gunned down. The circumstances remain mysterious to this day. Some say it was on direct orders from Mussolini because of Tresca’s unrelenting polemics against him. Others, such as union leader (and leading anti-communist) Luigi Antonini, blamed the Communists, and in particular, a former Tresca colleague with whom Tresca had become disenchanted, Vittorio Vidali (known in America as Enea Sormente). The more likely culprit was the then young hitman, Carmine Galante, possibly on orders from Generoso Pope, the pro-Mussolini publisher of <em>Il Progresso Italo-Americano</em>, the largest circulation and longest-lived Italian-language daily. <br /><br />The Tresca Memorial Committee included A. Philip Randolph, Edmund Wilson and John Dewey, as well as its chair, Norman Thomas, the perennial Socialist Party candidate for president.<br /><br />This pamphlet, far more common in its English version (issued in 1945) than in this Italian one (1947), was circulated with the exhortation that “those who believe with us that political murder in the United States must not go unpunished . . . help circulate this pamphlet widely . . . we have no thought of placing the guilt in the Tresca assassination at the door of any specific organization or individual.” <br /><br />While it's not clear who assassinated Tresca, it is certainly clear that Tresca’s assassination obsessed many who loved him.
Tresca Memorial Committee
Tresca Memorial Committee
[1947]
22 x 15.25cm; 31 p.
Italian
<em><strong>L'attentato a Mussolini ovvero Il segreto di Pulcinella</strong></em> [The Attempt on Mussolini: or the Secret of Pulcinella]. <strong>New York: Casa Ed. "Il Martello", 1925.</strong>
The premiere performance of this play opened at the Central Opera House, located at 205 East 67th Street in New York on Sunday, December 13, 1925. It was based on actual historical circumstances — namely, a staged <em>attentato</em>, or attempt (to assassinate Mussolini). <br /><br />When its opening was announced in advance, the Fascist Party ambassador to the U.S. asked the State Department, which considered anarchists like Tresca to be troublesome “Reds,” to prevent the performance from taking place. FBI agents and Bomb Squad officials invaded the theatre on that opening night, and stopped the opening curtain on the specious grounds that the performance would violate New York’s Sunday “Blue Laws.” <br /><br />Tresca took the stage, faulted the government’s prohibition for acting at the behest of Mussolini, whose fascist dictatorship, he exclaimed, was in the thrall of high-finance capitalism. <br /><br />The New York press, which normally disapproved of anarchists like Tresca, expressed sympathy in this case for the anti-fascists, raising questions as to why a foreign government was being placated by American authorities in this way. <br /><br />The claimed attempt on Mussolini’s life was the pretext for the repressive “emergency laws” in Italy of November 1926.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
1925
22 x 14.5cm; 32 p.
Italian
English
<strong><em>Il cristianesimo e la questione sociale (contraddittorio Tresca-Griglio): conferenza tenuta il 14 luglio 1922 a New Jork</em></strong>,<strong><em> alla Manhattan Hall, ad iniziativa del Comitato pro vitime politiche </em></strong>[Christianity and the Social Question (Tresca-Griglio Debate): Lecture Held on July 14, 1922 at New York at Manhattan Hall at the initiation of the Committee for Political Victims].<strong> Roma: Stab. Pol. Ed. Romana, 1922.</strong>
This is a report of a debate between famously anti-clerical Carlo Tresca and the Rev. Griglio.<br /><br />It is one of a fair number of political events that took place in New York (in Manhattan Hall, in this case) or elsewhere in the U.S. that resonated enough in Italy for a publisher there to want to publish an account of it.
[Carlo Tresca]
Rev. Griglio
Stab. Pol. Ed. Romana
1922
19.5 x 13.5cm; 48 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Guardia Rossa: il terrore bianco in America</em></strong> [Red Guard: the white terror of America]<strong>, No. 4</strong><strong>. New York: A cura della Libreria Rossa, 1 Maggio [May] 1920.</strong>
This magazine by Carlo Tresca did not have a terribly long run, especially compared to his signature work, <em>Il Martello</em>, q.v. I do not know in what sense the "Red Guard" could have been considered a "white terror." (To say the obvious, Tresca, whose opposition to injustice extended to his decrying the lynching of Blacks, was not advocating any form of white superiority.)<br /><br />Tresca's preface, see photo, notes that when he first set foot in America, in August 1914, he was inspired by the Statue of Liberty to believe he had arrived in the land of liberty. But he'd come to know otherwise, and declared in this first issue of a new magazine in 1920 - three years after he had started <em>Il Martello</em> - that he had become disillusioned, disenchanted with the United States, the reasons for which the reader would find out in the pages that follow in the magazine. What <em>Guardia Rossa</em> might have offered readers that <em>Il Martello</em> did not already do so is unclear.<br /><br />Note that the nominal publisher, Libreria Rossa [Red Bookstore, or Red Library], was a name that appears on the same letterhead as that of <em>Il Martello </em>in the holographic undated letter of Tresca's in the Collection, q.v. The letterhead shows U. Nieri as the Secretary of the Libreria Rossa. <br /><br />The Collection has several other works published by the Libreria Rossa, some of which are associated - at an earlier time - with Elvira Catello, q.v., a writer, bookseller and publisher in New York who appears to be the first Italian American woman, writing in Italian, having the latter two of these three roles.
Compilata da Carlo Tresca
A cura della Libreria Rossa
1 Maggio [May] 1920
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/320">Guardia Rossa, No. 4 - 1 Maggio [May] 1920</a>
Italian
<strong><em>Manet Immota Fides: Omaggio all memoria imperitura di Carlo Tresca</em></strong> [Our Faith Remains Unshaken: In Tribute to the Everlasting Memory of Carlo Tresca]. <strong>New York: Il Martello (Gruppo Carlo Tresca), 1943.</strong>
Created in the wake of his assassination in Union Square, this work includes essays honoring Tresca by James T. Farrell, John Dos Passos, Roger Baldwin, Max Eastman, Norman Thomas; and poems by Ted Robinson and Arturo Giovannitti. <br /><br />The work includes a laid in portrait of Tresca in charcoal.
Felice Guadagni
Renato Vidal
Il Martello (Gruppo Carlo Tresca)
1943
30.5 x 22cm; 48 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Le dittature: contro la libertà dei popoli </em></strong>[Dictatorships: against the Freedom of the People]. <strong>New York: "ll Martello" Pub. Co., Inc., [192-?].</strong>
The verso of the cover of this pamphlet states “(Tradotto dal supplemento de <em>La Protesta</em> di Buenos Aires)” (translated from the supplement of <em>La Protesta</em> of Buenos Aires).<em> La Protesta</em> is an Argentine anarchist newspaper still in publication. <br /><br />The final paragraph of Fabbri’s essay ends with the statement, “Enough of dictatorship and tyranny; the revolution has finally come!” <br /><br />Fabbri (b. Ancona, 1877; d. Montevideo, 1935) was a close comrade of Errico Malatesta, the godfather of Italian anarchism, in Ancona in Italy, and later became Malatesta's biographer. In fact, many of Carlo Tresca’s articles were reprints of anarchist writings and doctrines of Malatesta, Fabbri, and Pietro Gori. <br /><br />Fabbri was briefly considered as a possible replacement for Tresca as editor of <em>Il Martello</em>: however, Fabbri lived in Montevideo, in Uruguay, at that time, and nothing came of the effort. <br /><br />After suspensions of the newspaper due to poor finances, it resumed publication in 1934 with a new office and new infusion of cash, probably from the newest woman in Tresca's life, Margaret DeSilver. It was also starting at this time, whether coincidentally or not, that issues of <em>Il Martello</em> opened more in English than in Italian, as did the entire last page; that this change occurred at the same time that Tresca began drafting his autobiography in English (and that <em>Il Progresso Italo Americano</em> began a similar practice) is noteworthy, as Martino Marazzi points out, in the gradual “Americanization” of a man who remained resolutely Italian.
Luigi Fabbri
"ll Martello" Pub. Co., Inc.
[192-?]
15 x 10cm; 37 p.
Italian
<p><strong><em>Parole</em><i> collettive </i></strong>[Collective Words].<strong> New York: S.E.A. [Società Editrice Americana], 1941.</strong></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Ezio Taddei (b. Livorno, 1895 - d. Rome, 1956) was involved in Italian politics at an early age: at thirteen he was arrested for involvement in a demonstration connected with a nurses’ strike in a Roman hospital. When released from prison, he found the doors of his home closed to him, and began life as a vagabond. He was sentenced in February 1922, along with 32 other anarchists, by the Court of Assizzes in Genoa for conspiracy to destroy several private and public buildings. <br /><br />Overall Taddei spent 18 years in Italian jails, first for his anti-bourgeois activities and later for his anti-fascist activities; these experiences animated and fueled much of his writing. War and imprisonment fostered his desire for social justice, reinforced by his reading, especially 19th-century Russian realist novels. The Russian radical Mikhail Bakunin, who arrived in Italy in 1864 and believed in immediate armed revolution, attracted intellectuals like Taddei; he and anarchist Errico Malatesta recur as models for the fictional alter egos under which Taddei wrote.<br /><br />This work, with a preface by the writer Alfredo Segre, comprises seven stories, written in the late 1930s during the last few of Taddei’s 18 years of imprisonment in the Fortezza di Civitavecchia in Italy. It goes without saying that publication of such a work in Italy would have been impossible in 1941.<br /><br />The artist for these sketches spread throughout the work, and probably also the unsigned collage depicted on the cover, was Costantino Nivola (b. Orani, Italy, 1911; d. Southampton, NY, 1988), a Sardinian graphic and fine artist and sculptor. Fearing for the safety of his American Jewish wife, Ruth Guggenheim, Nivola fled Italy with her for America in 1939, where he became art director of</span><i><span style="font-weight:400;"> Interiors and Progressive Architecture,</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> the first non-American admitted (in 1972) to the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and an intimate of de Kooning and Jackson Pollock. <br /><br />The American edition of this work, </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Hard as Stone</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, was translated by Frances Keene and published in New York by New Writers in 1942. The Collection contains six of Taddei's works.<br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">As is evident from the translations into English of several of his works, Taddei (unlike most of the other writers in the Collection) enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles. A frequent critic of the racist and anti-immigrant fervor in the U.S., in New York he was welcomed by Carlo Tresca and, following Tresca’s assassination in February 1943, made an i</span><span style="font-weight:400;">mpassioned speech on the street outside the offices of</span><i><span style="font-weight:400;"> Il Martello</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> about the need to find the assassin.<br /><br />Martino Marazzi has a fine, extended biographical discussion of Taddei (in <em>Voices of Italian America</em>, 152 et seq.) as well as excerpts there in translation from <em>Le porte dell'inferno</em> and, also in the Collection, <em>Ho rinunciato alla libertà. </em>Durante also has an extended biographical introduction and appraisal of Taddei's special place in Italian American letters.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;"> </span></p>
Ezio Taddei
New York: S.E.A. [Società Editrice Americana]
1941
Printed by Cocce Press.
Italian