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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Scissione e nuovo schieramento nel campo sindacale mondiale&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [Split and new alliance in the world-wide syndicalist camp]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: American Federation of Labor, International Labor Relations Committee, 1949.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This 16-page pamphlet is a republication of a  magazine article, that is, "Ripubblicato, in seguito a speciale autorizzazione, dal numero di gennaio 1949 de FOREIGN AFFAIRS, rivista americana trimestrale, 58 East 68th Street, New York [Republished, following special authorization, from the number of January 1949 of FOREIGN AFFAIRS, triannual American review, 58 East 68th Street, New York]."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A long history of the relationship between the International Ladies Garments Workers Union (ILGWU) and the Italian left, with shifting alliances, precedes this 1949 work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In years past, the ILGWU, of which author David Dubinsky was president in the 1940s, had an uneasy historical relationship with Italian syndicalists who were also anti-fascist, as well as with Italian communists. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the ILGWU's more influential leaders then was Luigi Antonini, born in Avellino (Campagna), who was then head of the famous Local 89.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The split took place because many of its members dissented over the use of violence and, above all, because of the presence of communists. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Going back to the 1920's, because the socialists considered the Anti-Fascist Alliance domineering under Carlo Tresca, in February 1927 they broke off from AFANA and founded the Anti-Fascist Federation of North America for the Freedom of Italy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note that there was yet another spinoff from AFANA - the Anti-Fascist United Front, which in 1933 published a handbill in the Collection, &lt;em&gt;Athos Terzani, Facing trial for murder on the false story of "General" Art J. Smith of the Khaki Shirts, will put his case before the people of Philadelphia at a Mass Meeting Friday, November 24, at 8 P.M.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also in the collection is a 1942 work, &lt;em&gt;DRESSMAKERS ITALIANI, volete che la nostra Locale 89 sia la piu forte e la piu nita della I.L.G.W.U.? Votate per il "leadership" di Luigi Antonini!&lt;/em&gt; [ITALIAN DRESSMAKERS, do you want our Local 89 to be the strongest and sharpest of the ILGWU? Then vote for the leadership of Luigi Antonini!], in which Cacchione issues support for Antonini as head of Local 89 of the ILGWU. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But only two years later, in 1944, in &lt;em&gt;La verità su Luigi Antonini &lt;/em&gt;[The Truth about Luigi Antonini]. Brooklyn: Peter V. Cacchione Association, 1944, q.v., Cacchione criticizes Antonini for treating his union members badly, hypocritically (according to Cacchione) decreeing the lack of democracy around the world while he doesn't abide by democracy's rules in running his union  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The split discussed in the present work carried over from some of the same issues from many years before - support or not of communists among the ranks - but took place, of course, with the backdrop of the end of World War II and the different as well as continuing issues relating to support of or opposition to the Stalinist Soviet Union despite its membership in the Allies during the war, and the anti-communist hysteria in the U.S. that was soon to follow.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Histories, philosophy, biographies, directories, bibliographies, almanacs, catalogues, annuals, religious, educational, and travel literature&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>These largely non-political works reflect a broad pallette of non-fiction reflections on the history of Italians in the U.S., travel literature, biographies (like that of the Peanut King, Obici), or the religious, like Sister, later Mother, and final Saint Cabrini.</text>
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                  <text>In these non-fiction works, Italians reflected upon themselves and their American experiences. Representing the non-&lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt; type of immigrant, who were more interested in becoming American and “making it” in America than in stoking class warfare and remaking society, They began to place themselves in the context of contemporary American society and the history in America. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The release in 1921 of Alfredo Bosi’s &lt;em&gt;Cinquant’anni di vita italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, the first history of Italians in the United States, represented a watershed - the first 50 years of Italians in America - and allegedly arose from a conversation between journalist Bosi and King Vittorio Emanuele of Italy in 1901, in which the king expressed curiosity about the Italian colony in America. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Luigi Roversi’s biography of Palma di Cesnola proudly places that Italian within the august homes of white Anglo-Saxon Protestant America, into which di Cesnola had married, and where he ruled as the first director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More than the first half of Flamma’s “biography” of the greatest mayor New York City had ever seen, Fiorello LaGuardia, has little to do with La Guardia, unfortunately, but the work did reflect his obvious pride that after electing mayors in 29 other cities, Italians “finally” elected (in 1933) a mayor of Italian heritage to the country’s most important city. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The directories discussed here, from New York to San Francisco, provide a particularly rich source of information about the different businesses and professions Italians had in virtually every state of the union, from as early as the 1880s (in San Francisco) to the first few decades of the 20th Century (primarily in New York).</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Separazione: una follia, ed un delitto: discorso di lodevole J.R. Ingersoll&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;[Secession: a Folly and a Crime: discourse on the praiseworthy J.R. Ingersoll]. &lt;strong&gt;Philadelphia: King &amp;amp; Baird, 1862.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Facing page translation by C. G. Moroni, Professor of Italian, of this essay, which is dated 1861.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This U.S. Civil War era work argues against secession of the Southern States from the Union. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The translator's address to the author explains that wanting to do "something for the country which now claims my sympathies, I made the translation into Italian of your address, with the intention of disseminating it among those of my countrymen" who are unable to read or understand English. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moroni notes his having escaped the repression of Italians under foreign domination (Bourbonic rule) in this era.  Thus, he seems to have been one of the Italian exiles, like Eleuterio Felice Foresti, who came to the United States in the early-mid-19th century. Many of the exiles held themselves out as teachers of Italian to support themselves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Joseph Reed Ingersoll, attorney, represented his  Pennsylvania district in the U.S. House of Representatives for several terms, and was minister of the U.S. to England in 1852, appointed by President Millard Fillmore. After about a year, he retired to private life to pursue his literary interests.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'I.W.W.: la sua storia, struttura e metodi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/em&gt;[The I.W.W.: its History, Structure and Methods]. &lt;strong&gt;Brooklyn: Libreria Ed. Del Lavoratori Industriali del Mondo, [c. 1919].&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Like &lt;em&gt;Che cosa è l’I.W.W.?,&lt;/em&gt; this work and&lt;em&gt; L'I.W.W. nella teoria e nella pratica&lt;/em&gt; of Justus Ebert three years later, in Chicago, q.v., are translations from English-language originals, intended to reach an Italian-language-only audience of workers who could help swell the ranks of the Wobblies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vincent St. John, like Bill Haywood and Frank Little, was trained in the hard school of the Western Federation of Miners, a kind of model labor union that was prominent in that era in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A metal miner by trade, St. John joined the Western Federation in 1894, and soon became an influential voice in its councils. He remained a member of the board of the that union  until 1907.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Guides, rulebooks, domestic aids, "keys", model speeches, and letters, for the protection of Italians and to enable them to become Americans&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Guida alla salute: Il come prevenire le malattie, come curarle, come riguadagnare la salute, estesa descrizione delle cause, sintomi, e trattamento di tutte le malattie del corpo umano con un capitolo sul matrimonio e la vita sessuale &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[Guide to Health: How to anticipate illnesses, how to treat them, how to regain health, extensive description of the causes, symptoms, and treatment of all illnesses of the human body with a chapter on marriage and sexual life].&lt;strong&gt; New York: Italian American Directory Co., 1904.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Collins, working in Liverpool, was a physician and quack. An issue of &lt;em&gt;The Medical Standard&lt;/em&gt; dated 1896 announces his medical residency in Hicksville, NY. Later, he appears to have been fined $150 for advertising his medical practice without first seeking legal authorization. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That a work on health “written exclusively for the Italians in America” by this non-Italian could dare to have a chapter “on matrimony and sexual life,” including discussion of both “sexual indifference” and nymphomania, is itself noteworthy. That the Italian American Directory Co., which otherwise published only "directories" of, by and about the Italian American community, gave its imprimatur to publishing a work of this type also seems noteworthy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Collins published the same or similar works in Spanish, Polish and other languages, thus giving the lie to his having claimed to have published this work "exclusively" for Italians.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the other hand, practicing at the New York Medical Institute on West 34th Street, Professor Collins boasts on the inside front cover the “number of sick people cured in every state” of the U.S. by his medical methods, enumerated state by state. This impressive but dubious sounding boast is consistent with his having been called out in the pages of &lt;em&gt;Il Proletario&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt; as a quack. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Collins is quick to note that of these 20,196 patients, most of whom were permanently “cured,” “only a quarter were actually examined by me personally,” the rest by his original method by correspondence. The “object of this book is to teach to my fellow citizen Italians how to stay in good health, and how to recover it in case of sickness.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government shut down Collins' medical operation in 1911.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My thanks to Stefano Morello, Ph. D., for much of the information about Collins' life-long quackery.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Guides, rulebooks, domestic aids, "keys", model speeches, and letters, for the protection of Italians and to enable them to become Americans&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Manuale degli Stati Uniti: istruzioni ad uso degli immigranti e stranieri &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[Manual of the United States: Instructions for the Use of Immigrants and Foreigners].&lt;strong&gt; Washington: Società Nazionale Figlie della Rivoluzione Americana, 1930.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>There were 91 editions of this work published between 1923 and 2001 in 17 languages, and more entries in WorldCat for this work than any other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Author Elizabeth C. Barney Buel (or Mrs. John Laidlaw Buel)(1868-1943) was a member of the Connecticut chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The impressive work of the Connecticut chapter of the DAR in the education of immigrants is recounted at some length in John Foster Carr's "What the Library Can Do for our Foreign Born," Library Journal, Oct. 1913 (Vol, 38, No.10), New York: Publication Office, 141 E. 25th Street. There Carr exhorts librarians to recognize that their role is far more important than that of schools in the welcoming, education and Americanization of the immigrant, with particular though not exclusive attention to the Italian immigrant, because adult immigrants do not attend schools. He recounts how in his town, Mount Vernon, New York, the library has worked with Italian groups to sponsor evenings of Italian culture mixed with an explanation to members of those groups of how to use the library. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And key to the entire process is the initial lecture given at a local school, in Italian (or Yiddish, Swedish, etc.) based on Carr's own "Guide to the United States for the immigrant," followed by a trip to the local public library at which the Italian Group (in the case of Mt. Vernon that Carr recounts, the Verdi Club) begins the meeting with Italian music, followed by a talk on the use of the library. Inspiring!</text>
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