<em><strong>America! America!: atti e memorie del popolo</strong></em> [America! America! Acts and Memoirs of the People]. <strong>Casalvelino Scalo [Salerno]: Ed. Giuseppe Galzerano, 1979 [1981].</strong>
Antonio Margariti (b. Ferruzzano, Reggio Calabria, Italy, 1891 – d. Willow Grove, Pennsylvania, 1981) published these memoirs in 1979 at age 87. This "savage and touching" book (Durante) awakened a vast interest, so much so as to be a finalist for the Viareggio Literary Prize. <br /><br />The education of the poor Calabrian immigrant took place entirely in America through his frequenting of anarchist circles; Margariti committed himself, among other things, to the circulation of <em>L'Adunata dei Refrattari</em> and of <em>Il Martello</em>, as well as to committees for Sacco and Vanzetti and to antifascist initiatives.<br /><br />For Margariti and many other immigrants, the anarchist circle represented therefore a social occasion that, for the first time, allowed them to attend theatrical events, concerts, picnics, and dances. It also offered educational opportunities, a school for critical thinking (often a real school, with teachers, courses, and classes). Here one could better define and give historical breadth to those spontaneous and rebellious inclinations that the helpless confrontation with priests, bosses, and all sorts of profiteers had nurtured for a long time. <br /><br />Workers from all over the country became <em>galleanisti</em> (followers of Galleani), even if this did not mean that they were strict observers of the famous leader’s doctrine. These memoirs, written in Calabrian dialect by the unlettered Margariti, were translated into Italian by the publisher.
Antonio Margariti
Ed. Giuseppe Galzerano
1979 [1981]
19.5 x 14cm; 136 p.
Italian
<em><strong>Il fascismo</strong></em> [Fascism]. <strong>New York: Libreria del "Martello", [1922?].</strong>
Valera (b. Como 1850 - d. Milano 1926) was a prolific journalist and novelist - referred to as the "Zola of Italy" - who led an even more colorful life than his confreres among anti-fascists. He spent three years in prison in the late 1880s for his involvement in a scandal with Emma Allis, ex-lover of Vittorio Emmanuele II. <br /><br />His best known work perhaps is the 1924 <em>Mussolini: da socialista a fascista</em>, which remains in print; it depicts Mussolini as a "voltagabbana" or turncoat, and was suppressed by the fascist government. <br /><br />The 16-page <em>Il fascismo</em> is unsurprisingly not listed among Valera's book-length works; it is probably a reprint of one or more articles he wrote for <em>Il Martello</em> during his long association with that newspaper - he is listed in advertisements for <em>Il Martello</em> as a regular contributor - or another publication a year or two before his booklength <em>Mussolini</em>. <br /><br />There is an extensive list of books available for sale at <em>Il Martello</em> on the inside and outside rear covers.
Paolo Valera
Libreria del "Martello"
[1922?]
13.5 x 16.5cm; 16 p.
Italian
<em><strong>Insurrezione e rivoluzione</strong> </em>[Insurrection and Revolution]. <strong>Detroit: Libreria Autonoma, 1932.</strong>
<span>This work was issued in the series "Problemi Attuali [Current Problems]," unnumbered, which series also includes as no. 2 the same author's <em>Il Bolscevismo: Che cosa è?</em>; also, see Damiani's <em>La bottega</em> for same publisher, a bookstore, Libreria Autonoma.<br /><br />"Lolmo" was the pseudonym author Domenico Zavattero used most in collaborating with Carlo Tresca, writing for <em>Il Martello</em>. <br /><br />Zavattero was an Italian anarchist editor, activist, and polemicist, known for his disputes with anarchic-individualists. He also contributed to other anarchist periodicals<em>. </em>Most of his lengthier works were published in Italy.<br /><br />This work begins by clearing up the difference between a "revolution" and an "insurrection." The first embraces a period in the life of a people and involves vast movements thanks to which human society acclerates the process of its development, while "insurrezione" is a restrained or local movement of the moment, with a political and determined object, or simply an episode of a revolutionary action. <br /><br />Zavattero then discusses the revolution in Russia and the events in Spain, though he notes it's too early to tell how that will turn out - that is, whether it's an insurrection or a real revolution - and finally what awaits Italy.</span>
[Domenico] Lolmo [Zavattero]
Libreria Autonoma
1932
<span>21 x 13.5cm; 61 p.</span>
Italian
<em><strong>L'attentato a Mussolini ovvero Il segreto di Pulcinella</strong></em> [The Attempt on Mussolini: or the Secret of Pulcinella]. <strong>New York: Casa Ed. "Il Martello", 1925.</strong>
The premiere performance of this play opened at the Central Opera House, located at 205 East 67th Street in New York on Sunday, December 13, 1925. It was based on actual historical circumstances — namely, a staged <em>attentato</em>, or attempt (to assassinate Mussolini). <br /><br />When its opening was announced in advance, the Fascist Party ambassador to the U.S. asked the State Department, which considered anarchists like Tresca to be troublesome “Reds,” to prevent the performance from taking place. FBI agents and Bomb Squad officials invaded the theatre on that opening night, and stopped the opening curtain on the specious grounds that the performance would violate New York’s Sunday “Blue Laws.” <br /><br />Tresca took the stage, faulted the government’s prohibition for acting at the behest of Mussolini, whose fascist dictatorship, he exclaimed, was in the thrall of high-finance capitalism. <br /><br />The New York press, which normally disapproved of anarchists like Tresca, expressed sympathy in this case for the anti-fascists, raising questions as to why a foreign government was being placated by American authorities in this way. <br /><br />The claimed attempt on Mussolini’s life was the pretext for the repressive “emergency laws” in Italy of November 1926.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
1925
22 x 14.5cm; 32 p.
Italian
English
<em><strong>Spose di guerra: dramma in un atto</strong> </em>[War Brides: drama in one act]. <strong>New York: Casa ed. "Il Martello", [1915].</strong>
This feminist, anti-war play is the best known work of socialist and suffragette Wentworth (b. 1872 - d. 1942); it's a topic that would have appealed to Carlo Tresca, proprietor of <em>Il Martello</em> and its book publishing arm. Tresca also used the "Libreria Rossa" imprint (see below), e.g., in other publishing, including his magazine <em>Guardia Rossa</em>. q.v. <br /><br />The story of the play is of a war bride widow who commits suicide rather than bear more children for a nation that allows her no say in its decision-making about war. It was one of the most successful plays in its original English of 1915. Its translation into Italian seems to have been done in the same year. It is the sort of play that Italians would have loved to perform in Primo Maggio celebrations.<br /><br />For Italian performances, the reader was direced to "our representative Paolo Valera" in Milan. Seven years later, <em>Il Martello</em> would publish <em>Il fascismo</em> of Valera (b. Como 1850 - d. Milano 1926), who was a prolific journalist and novelist. The translation of Wentworth's play was authorized by Zino Fioretti.<br /><br />It is one of two works that <em>Il Martello</em> translated from English into Italian that we have found. The other is Eugene Lyons' <em>Vita e morte di Sacco e Vanzetti</em> (Il Martello, 1928), q.v., based on the English original published in 1927 by International Publishers, q.v. <br /><br />A particularly interesting feature of the current work is that it includes four photographs drawn from the production with Madam Alla Nazimova in the leading role.<br /><br />This imprint is somewhat more lavishly produced, especially on better quality paper, than many <em>Il Martello</em> publications. It was printed by the De Pamphilis Press of 51 Greenwich Avenue in New York City. <br /><br />De Pamphilis had also printed a 1909 work of the other Tresca imprint, the Libreria Rossa, entitled <em>Il mondo e le sue trasformazioni: dialoghi fra il nonno e la sua nepote </em>by Paraf-Javal, translated from the French original, q.v. <br /><br />The name "Libreria Rossa" name adorned Carlo Tresca letterhead, at least in 1919, see holographic letter of Tresca's in the collection. So De Pamphilis may have done work for Tresca under whichever of his imprints he happened to be using.<br /><br />Besides this work, and the Paraf-Javal translation, Libreria Rossa also published, in 1921, <em>Se si farà la rivoluzione in Italia, si morrà di fame? </em>There is also an association of the name "Libreria Rossa" with that of Elvira Catello, a New York bookseller and book publisher. See description of another work in the Collection, <em>Il mondo e le sue trasformazioni: dialoghi fra il nonno e la sua nepote,</em> which was also published by De Pamphilis Press.<br /><br />Finally, "Librerie Rosse" - the plural, Red Bookstores - was a term used generally to described leftist bookstores in the Italian communities of the U.S.
Marion Craig Wentworth
Copyright The Century Co., 1915; translation "authorized" by Zino Fioretti.
Casa ed. "Il Martello"
[1915]
20 x 13.5cm; 70 p.
Italian
<em><strong>Ultra! - teoria dei geni e dei gagliardi</strong></em> [Ultra! theory of the Geniuses and the Strong]. <strong>New York: Casa ed. "L'Innovazione", [n.d.]</strong>
Vella, an anarchist and Spanish Civil War veteran, briefly visited the US in 1923, where he was a contributor to <em>Il Martello</em>, and witness for the defense in Carlo Tresca's trial for sending obscene material through the mails. <br /><br />Arrested at a rally in Paterson in 1924, Vella was then among the relatively few Italians who were, like Luigi Galleani, deported back to Italy. <br /><br />Here he explains his theory of how to create a "new man" who will "go beyond limits of thinking and action." Ironically, part of the ideology of the ascendant Fascist Party was that the state could create a "new man," ready to populate the new Italy.<br /><br />The title of the publisher is suggestive that "L'Innovazione" was a newspaper. But I find no record of "L'Innovazione" among radical newspapers. (Perhaps it was short-lived.)
Randolfo Vella
Casa ed. "L'Innovazione"
[n.d.]
18.5 x 12cm; 122 p.
Italian
<span><span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, <br />Anno II, IV - 1918-1919 (incomple)<br /><br /></strong></span></span><span><strong>New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919.<br /></span></strong></span>
<p>See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 (repeated in a few descriptions of individual issues) for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.<br /><br />Bound volume - the second of two - of 23 issues of the newspaper-magazine <em>Il Martello</em>, spanning the period from January 1918 (Volume 3, No. 1) to February 1919 (Volume 4, No. 3), with no post-February issues in the second, 1919 volume. This volume is largely duplicative -but in unfailing chronological order, unlike the other volume - of the first volume bound by Augusto Lentricchia and was a gift to me of Frank Lentricchia, novelist and Katherine Everett Gilbert Professor of Literature and Theater Studies at Duke University.<br /><br /></p>
<p>That a reader of a review like <em>Il Martello</em> would lovingly gather issues into a homemade binding, beginning only a year after the founding of <em>Il Martello</em> in 1917, is a measure of the affection that Tresca’s followers felt for him and everything he did. An immigrant from Morollo, south of Rome, Augusto Lentricchia settled in Utica in the first decade of the 20th century, where he worked for the New York Central Railroad, from which he was fired several times for trying to organize other railroad workers to radical causes. Lentricchia was also a poet who wrote about radical issues; one of his poems was published in <em>Il Martello</em>. His bound diaries containing his poetry were donated by Professor Frank Lentricchia to the Italian American Collection at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.<br /><br />This volume includes:<br /><br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 1 - 1 Gennaio [January] 1917 [i.e. 1918]<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 2 - 16 Gennaio [January] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 3 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 4 - 1 Marzo [March] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 5 - 16 Marzo [March] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 6 - 1 Aprile [April] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, Numero Special<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 8 - 16 Maggio [May] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 9 - 1 Giugno [June] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 10 - 16 Giugno [June] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 11 - 1 Luglio [July] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 12 - 16 Luglio [July] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 13 - 1 Agosto [August] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 14 - 16 Agosto [August] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 15 - 1 Settembre [September] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 16 - 1 Ottobre [October] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 17 - 16 Ottobre [October] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 18 - 1 Novembre [November] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III, No. 19 - 16 Novembre [November] 1918<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno IV, No. 1 - 1 Gennaio [January] 1919<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno IV, No. 2 - 16 Gennaio [January] 1919<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno IV, No. 3 - 1 Febbraio [February] 1919<br /><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno IV, Supplemento al No. 3 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</p>
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Anno III & IV. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 19 issues: Incomplete Anno III, IV- 1918, 1919: <br /><br /></span></strong></span>
See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 (repeated in a few descriptions of individual issues) for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.<br /><br />This is a bound volume - the first of two - of 20 issues of the newspaper-magazine <em>Il Martello</em>, spanning the period from 1918-1919. This was bound by hand by a subscriber and great admirer of Tresca's - Augusto Lentricchia, and was a gift to me of Frank Lentricchia, novelist and Katherine Everett Gilbert Professor of Literature and Theater Studies at Duke University.<br /><br />It includes important works like a novella of Arturo Giovannitti, "Come era nel principio ..." and frequent contributions from Vincenzo Vacirca, who himself founded several important magazines that are in the collection, <em>La Strada</em> and <em>Il Solco</em>, and other important radical writers, such as Ludovico Caminita. A poem by Efrem Bartoletti celebrating the appearance of <em>Il Martello</em> in December of 1917 graces the verso of the cover page of the January 1, 1918 issue (erroneously dated January 1, <em>1917</em>).<br /><p>That a reader of a review like <em>Il Martello</em> would lovingly gather issues into a homemade binding, beginning only a year after the magazine's founding in 1917, is a measure of the affection that Tresca’s followers felt for him and everything he did. An immigrant from Morollo, south of Rome, Augusto Lentricchia settled in Utica in the first decade of the 20th century, where he worked for the New York Central Railroad, from which he was fired several times for trying to organize other railroad workers to radical causes. Lentricchia was also a poet who wrote about radical issues; one of his poems was published in <em>Il Martello</em>. His bound diaries containing his poetry were donated by Professor Lentricchia to the Italian American Collection at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.<br /><br />List of issues in this volume:<br /><br /><span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 (1 Gennaio [January] 1917 [sic]), <br />2 (16 Gennaio), <br />3 (16 Febbraio [February]), <br />4 (1 Marzo [March], <br />5 (16 Marzo), <br />6 (1 Aprile [April], <br />7 (15 Aprile), <br />8 (16 Maggio [May]), <br />9 (1 Giugno [June]), <br />10 (16 Giugno),<br />11 (1 Luglio [July]),<br />13 (1 Agosto [August]), <br />14 (16 Agosto), <br />15 (1 Settembre [September], <br />16 (1 Ottobre [October]), <br />17 (16 Ottobre), <br />19 (16 Novembre [November]), - <br /><br />incomplete Anno IV - 1919, Nos.<br />1 (1 Gennaio), <br />2 (16 Gennaio), <br />3 (1 Febbraio). </span></p>
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
16 Aprile [April] 1918 - ???
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol 28, No. 1. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 14 Gennaio [January] 1943.<br /></span></strong></span>
See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
14 Gennaio [January] 1943
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 7 - ??? - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">16 Aprile [April] 1918 - ???</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol 28, No. 2. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 28 Febbraio [February] 1943.<br /></span></strong></span>
See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
28 Febbraio [February] 1943
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 7 - ??? - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">16 Aprile [April] 1918 - ???</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol 28, No. 3. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 14 Marzo [March] 1943.<br /></span></strong></span>
See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
14 Marzo [March] 1943
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3-4, 1918-1919</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol. VII, No. 24. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 19 Luglio [July] 1921.</span></strong></span>
Carlo Tresca was the editor-in-chief (or equivalent) at several radical newspapers over his career, but the one that he founded and ran for decades — <em>Il Martello</em> — is the one most closely identified with him, and he with it. <br /><br />Tresca founded <em>Il Martello</em> in 1917, and he directed it (with some interruptions due to poor finances) until his assassination in 1943. <br /><br />As is evident from the broad range of writing genres it encompassed, <em>Il Martello</em> was not a traditional Italian anarchist newspaper or a “movement” publication in the specific way that <em>La Questione Sociale</em> (edited by Ludovico Caminita and by Galleani briefly) was for anarcho-syndicalists, or the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> and <em>L’Adunata dei Refrattari</em> were for anti-organizationist anarchist communists like Galleani and his followers. <br /><br />Rather, <em>Il Martello</em> was too eclectic and unorthodox, like Tresca himself, to be classified according to conventional typology —“You can’t label him. You can’t classify him,” said Max Eastman in a famous <em>The New Yorker</em> profile. <br /><br />The personal affection that Tresca’s friends and colleagues had for him infuriated the more cerebral Galleani and his ultraloyal founders, who unfairly attacked Tresca personally when they were unable to do so doctrinally.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
19 Luglio [July] 1921
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3-4, 1918-1919<br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol. VII, No. 42. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 12 Dicembre [December] 1921.<br /></span></strong></span>
Carlo Tresca was the editor-in-chief (or equivalent) at several radical newspapers over his career, but the one that he founded and ran for decades — <em>Il Martello</em> — is the one most closely identified with him, and he with it. <br /><br />Tresca founded <em>Il Martello</em> in 1917, and he directed it (with some interruptions due to poor finances) until his assassination in 1943. <br /><br />As is evident from the broad range of writing genres it encompassed, <em>Il Martello</em> was not a traditional Italian anarchist newspaper or a “movement” publication in the specific way that <em>La Questione Sociale</em> (edited by Ludovico Caminita and by Galleani briefly) was for anarcho-syndicalists, or the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> and <em>L’Adunata dei Refrattari</em> were for anti-organizationist anarchist communists like Galleani and his followers. <br /><br />Rather, <em>Il Martello</em> was too eclectic and unorthodox, like Tresca himself, to be classified according to conventional typology —“You can’t label him. You can’t classify him,” said Max Eastman in a famous <em>The New Yorker</em> profile. <br /><br />The personal affection that Tresca’s friends and colleagues had for him infuriated the more cerebral Galleani and his ultraloyal founders, who unfairly attacked Tresca personally when they were unable to do so doctrinally.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
12 Dicembre [December] 1921
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3-4, 1918-1919</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol. VII, No. 9. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 19 Marzo [March] 1921.</span></strong></span>
Carlo Tresca was the editor-in-chief (or equivalent) at several radical newspapers over his career, but the one that he founded and ran for decades — <em>Il Martello</em> — is the one most closely identified with him, and he with it. <br /><br />Tresca founded <em>Il Martello</em> in 1917, and he directed it (with some interruptions due to poor finances) until his assassination in 1943. <br /><br />As is evident from the broad range of writing genres it encompassed, <em>Il Martello</em> was not a traditional Italian anarchist newspaper or a “movement” publication in the specific way that <em>La Questione Sociale</em> (edited by Galleani and Caminita) was for anarcho-syndicalists. <br /><br />Rather, <em>Il Martello</em> was too eclectic and unorthodox, like Tresca himself, to be classified according to conventional typology —“You can’t label him. You can’t classify him,” said Max Eastman in a famous profile in <em>The New Yorker</em>. <br /><br />The personal affection that Tresca’s friends and colleagues had for him infuriated the more cerebral Galleani and his ultraloyal founders, who unfairly attacked Tresca personally when they were unable to do so doctrinally.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
19 Marzo [March] 1921
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3-4, 1918-1919</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol. VIII, No. 14. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 27 Aprile [April] 1922.<br /></span></strong></span>
See the general entry for <em>Il Martello</em> for the years 1918-1943 for the history of the founding and running by Carlo Tresca of this, perhaps the most famous and almost surely the most long-lived of the radical newspapers in Italian in the Italian American community.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
27 Aprile [April] 1922
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 7 - ??? - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">16 Aprile [April] 1918 - ???</span></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>, Vol. VIII, No. 8. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 4 Marzo [March] 1922.</span></strong></span>
Carlo Tresca was the editor-in-chief (or equivalent) at several radical newspapers over his career, but the one that he founded and ran for decades — <em>Il Martello</em> — is the one most closely identified with him, and he with it. <br /><br />Tresca founded <em>Il Martello</em> in 1917, and he directed it (with some interruptions due to poor finances) until his assassination in 1943. <br /><br />As is evident from the broad range of writing genres it encompassed, <em>Il Martello</em> was not a traditional Italian anarchist newspaper or a “movement” publication in the specific way that <em>La Questione Sociale</em> (edited by Ludovico Caminita and by Galleani briefly) was for anarcho-syndicalists, or the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> and <em>L’Adunata dei Refrattari</em> were for anti-organizationist anarchist communists like Galleani and his followers. <br /><br />Rather, <em>Il Martello</em> was too eclectic and unorthodox, like Tresca himself, to be classified according to conventional typology —“You can’t label him. You can’t classify him,” said Max Eastman in a famous <em>The New Yorker</em> profile. <br /><br />The personal affection that Tresca’s friends and colleagues had for him infuriated the more cerebral Galleani and his ultraloyal founders, who unfairly attacked Tresca personally when they were unable to do so doctrinally.
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
4 Marzo [March] 1922
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3, No. 1 - Anno 4, No 3 - <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">1 Gennaio [January] 1918 - 16 Febbraio [February] 1919</span></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno 3-4, 1918-1919</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 7, No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><br /></a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"></a><br /><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/526"><em>Il Martello </em>[main entry]</a>
Italian
<span><strong><em>Il Martello</em> </strong>[The Hammer]<strong>. New York: <span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">Casa Ed. "Il Martello," 1918-1943.</span></strong><br /></span>
Carlo Tresca was the editor-in-chief (or equivalent) at several radical newspapers over his career, but the one that he founded and ran for decades — <em>Il Martello</em> — is the one most closely identified with him, and he with it. <br /><br />Tresca founded <em>Il Martello</em> in 1916, and he directed it (with some interruptions due to poor finances) until his assassination in 1943; the paper continued for a few more years, until 1946. <br /><br />As is evident from the broad range of writing genres it encompassed, <em>Il Martello</em> was not a traditional Italian anarchist newspaper or a “movement” publication in the specific way that <em>La Questione Sociale</em> (edited by Galleani and Caminita) was for anarcho-syndicalists. <br /><br />Rather, <em>Il Martello</em> was too eclectic and unorthodox, like Tresca himself, to be classified according to conventional typology —“You can’t label him. You can’t classify him,” said Max Eastman in a famous profile in <em>The New Yorker</em>.<br /><br /><span>In 1923, </span><i>Il Martello</i><span> reached international distribution, being mailed throughout Italy. Tresca mailed his paper to subscribers in Italy without charging any money, according to Nunzio Pernicone in <em>Carlo Tresca: Portrait of a Rebel</em>. The Italian government responded by banning the importation of </span><i>Il Martello. </i>This was probably a "first" for an Italian-language American periodical's foray into the Italian market. (It's the converse of the banning of export of L'Asino from Rome to the United States that led to the "publication" in New York of the same magazine, with the same cartoons and stories but with advertisements from New York Italian businesses, not Roman ones.)<br /><br />The personal affection that Tresca’s friends and colleagues had for him infuriated the more cerebral Galleani and his ultraloyal founders, who unfairly attacked Tresca personally when they were unable to do so doctrinally. Still, there was plenty in Tresca's life - e.g., his affair with a 16-year old tutoring him in English - that merited personal disapproval and even condemnation with Galleanisti looking very hard.<br /><br />The collection includes:<br /><br /><div id="dublin-core-title" class="element">
<div class="field two columns alpha">Title</div>
<div class="element-text five columns omega">
<p><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/535"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III - IV, 1918-1919 - 20 issues</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/536"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno III - IV, 1918-1919 </a>- 23 issues<br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/527"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno (Vol.) 7, No. 9 - 19 Marzo [March] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/528"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno (Vol.) 7, No. 24 - 19 Luglio [July] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/529"><em>Il Martello</em>, Anno (Vol. 7), No. 42 - 12 Dicembre [December] 1921</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/530"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 8 - 4 Marzo [March] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/531"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 8, No. 14 - 27 Aprile [April] 1922</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/532"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 1 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/533"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 2 - 28 Febbraio [February] 1943</a><br /><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/534"><em>Il Martello</em>, Vol. 28, No. 3 - 14 Marzo [March] 1943</a></p>
</div>
</div>
Carlo Tresca
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
Italian
<strong><em>Chi uccise Carlo Tresca?</em></strong> [Who Killed Carlo Tresca?] <strong>New York: Tresca Memorial Committee, [1947].</strong>
The cover of this pamphlet (as well as the English language version, in English) notes “Con prefazioni di Arturo Giovannitti e John Dos Passos.” In the earlier (1945) English language version, also in the collection, the goal is stated: to incite readers to “stir the authorities out of their lethargy in the Tresca situation,” urging them to contact Manhattan District Aattorney Frank S. Hogan and the newly appointed police commissioner to undertake a new and independent investigation. This Italian version, issued two years after the English version, also in the Collection, lacks this exhortation at the end, probably because it was no longer timely. <br /><br />As Giovannitti asks in his preface, “Who had any reason to have Carlo murdered? . . . For this man was everybody’s friend, tutor, and counselor; he really loved everybody from the derelict and the destitute up to the teacher, the healer, even the man of affairs. . . . He was a friend of the policeman who arrested him scores of times, of the District Attorney who denounced him as an enemy of society but ate and drank at his table, the jailer who locked him up for interminable days. . . .” <br /><br />Tresca’s attacks on Mussolini were almost surely responsible for his assassination. One evening in 1943 — the same year in which Mussolini was deposed — upon leaving the office of his newspaper, <em>Il Martello</em>, in Union Square, Tresca was gunned down. The circumstances remain mysterious to this day. Some say it was on direct orders from Mussolini because of Tresca’s unrelenting polemics against him. Others, such as union leader (and leading anti-communist) Luigi Antonini, blamed the Communists, and in particular, a former Tresca colleague with whom Tresca had become disenchanted, Vittorio Vidali (known in America as Enea Sormente). The more likely culprit was the then young hitman, Carmine Galante, possibly on orders from Generoso Pope, the pro-Mussolini publisher of <em>Il Progresso Italo-Americano</em>, the largest circulation and longest-lived Italian-language daily. <br /><br />The Tresca Memorial Committee included A. Philip Randolph, Edmund Wilson and John Dewey, as well as its chair, Norman Thomas, the perennial Socialist Party candidate for president.<br /><br />This pamphlet, far more common in its English version (issued in 1945) than in this Italian one (1947), was circulated with the exhortation that “those who believe with us that political murder in the United States must not go unpunished . . . help circulate this pamphlet widely . . . we have no thought of placing the guilt in the Tresca assassination at the door of any specific organization or individual.” <br /><br />While it's not clear who assassinated Tresca, it is certainly clear that Tresca’s assassination obsessed many who loved him.
Tresca Memorial Committee
Tresca Memorial Committee
[1947]
22 x 15.25cm; 31 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Dio e patria: nel pensiero dei rinnegati.</em> New York: [n.p.], [c. 1924-1925].</strong>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">This work reproduces, first, the record of a debate on March 25, 1904 (and Mussolini’s preface thereto, dated July 1904), in Lausanne (Lossana), Switzerland between the then virulently anti-clerical young socialist Mussolini, already known for his violent oratory and animal vitality, and the evangelist Taglialatella over the existence of God, in which Mussolini affirmed his belief in the absurdity of the concept of God. <br /><br />The editors here note that they are republishing the record of this debate twenty years later — after Mussolini became Italy’s prime minister, but probably before he became “Il Duce” in 1925 — to reflect a favorite radical theme about the once anti-clerical Mussolini: that in consolidating his power and distancing himself from his early socialist and anti-clerical roots, he embraced the Church and capitalism, and in so doing became a “</span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">voltagabbana”</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> (turncoat) to his origins. See also reference to Paolo Valera's <em>Mussolini</em>, to the same effect, in description of his <em>Il fascismo</em>.<br /><br />The second essay recounts a religious debate between Tancredi and a priest in Providence, R.I., on December 11, 1910, subsequent to the first edition. See Antinatale (New York, 1910]for another work in the Collection by Tancredi. The third is a translation of a French political philosopher’s argument about the “lies” of patriotism.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">It was at the time and place of the 1904 debate that Carlo Tresca met Mussolini, who chided the older Tresca for “not being revolutionary” enough, according to Tresca in his autobiography. It is difficult to imagine anything more ironic, given their later histories, than that Mussolini could have said at any time that Tresca “was not sufficiently imbued with the spirit of revolt.” </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">This undated work calls itself a “second edition” at “the distance of twenty years” from its first appearance in print. Indeed, it would have been virtually impossible to print or publish it in Italy, if it was in fact 1924, for by that time, Mussolini had managed to pass legislation to gag the press.</span></p>
This work was heavily advertised in <em>Il Martello</em> in 1924-1925.
Benito Mussolini
[Libero] Tancredi
[Gustavo] Herve
[n.p.]
[c. 1924-1925]
18.5 x 12cm; 133 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Enrico</em> <em>Malatesta. </em>New York: Il Martello, 1922.</strong>
At 352 pages, this edition of Nettlau's biography of Malatesta - published in the same year (1922) and by the same publisher (<em>Il Martello</em>) - is 48 pages longer than the other edition. See the other edition for a brief bio of Nettlau, who was<span style="font-weight:400;"> (according to Paul Avrich) the foremost historian of international anarchism.</span> Note that the title page of this edition calls this a "unique authorized translation from the unpublished English" version, information lacking in the shorter edition.<br /><br />Here are the differences (in addition to the above): the title page of this edition notes it contains a "prefazione di Pietro [Pedro] Esteve e note sull'autore di Harry Kelly [preface of Pedro Esteve and note on the author by Harry Kelly]" not present in the other edition. <br /><br />Esteve was the charismatic Spanish leader of anarchists, including Italians, in the U.S. and in Mexico; married to an Italian woman, he was fluent in and wrote in Italian.<br /><br />Less associated with Italian anarchists than Esteve, Harry Kelly contributed a two-page note, or "due parole sull'autore [two words on the author]," in which he stresses that Nettlau was the very "antithesis" of Malatesta (and Bakunin) - a scholar, as opposed to the men of action that these latter two were. <br /><br />An American, Kelly (1871-1953) was himself a colorful character, friend of Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, and Peter Kropotkin (while Kelly lived in London) as well as of Nettlau, who called Kelly "one of the living anarchists who contribute real thought to the movement." Kelly is featured in a variety of connections to both the trade union and anarchist movements, to <em>Mother Earth</em>, and to the Francisco Ferrer Association, in Paul Avrich's <em>Anarchist Voices</em>.<br /><br />Other changes in this edition: following Chapter XX (which exists in both editions), this edition alone contains an "Appendice" of four pages, which is "La dichiarzione finale di Errico Malatesta avanti ai giurati in Milano [the final declaration of Errico Malatesta before the jurors in Milan]" with respect to the trial recounted in Chapter XX.<br /><br />Finally, the cover of this edition - in place of the almost abstract, geometric design of the other edition - includes a striking, almost granitic sculpted head of Malatesta seemingly growing out of the side of a hill. A close examination in the lower left corner suggests (but does not make it entirely clear) that the illustrator may have been Fort Velona, q.v., the brilliant caricaturist of the Italian American left.<br /><br />One can speculate that either the first of the two 1922 editions (the shorter one) was so popular that Tresca decided to republish it almost immediately, but with some attractive additions, like the portrait of Malatesta, the Esteve and Kelly prefaces, and Malatesta "declaration" - or the opposite, that the shorter edition did not sell well, so Tresca tried to juice it up, in order to increase sales, with this more robust edition.
Max Nettlau
19.5x13cm; 352 p.
<strong><em>Errico Malatesta.</em> New York: Casa ed. "Il Martello", [1922].</strong>
<span style="font-weight:400;">Nettlau (b. Neuwaldegg [Vienna], 1865; d. Amsterdam, 1944) was a German anarchist - indeed, according to Paul Avrich, Nettlau was the foremost historian of anarchism - who met Malatesta in London, and remained friends for the rest of their lives. Realizing that the history of anarchists would be lost as the first generation began to pass away, he planned on interviewing them and writing their biographies. </span><br /><br />This 304-page biography of Malatesta, composed more than two decades after the earlier Nettlau work in the collection, is comprised of 20 chapters documenting the most important events in Malatesta’s life. The publication date of 1922 is a surmise arising from the fact that 1922 is the latest date of an event in Malatesta's life in the work, appearing at end of the chronological essay in Chapter XX.<br /><br />The cover of this work contains a kind of subtitle not found on the title page, "materialismo e libertà." <br /><br />The interesting bibliographical fact about this work is that there was issued, apparently in the same year, and clearly by the same publisher, a lengthier and in other respects slightly different edition, which is also in the collection, q.v.
Max Nettlau
Casa ed. "Il Martello"
[1922]
18.5 x 12.5cm; 304 p.
Italian
<strong><em>L'anima; Il diavolo e L'inferno</em> </strong>[The Soul, the Devil and Hell]. <strong>New York: Casa ed. del <em>Martello</em>, 1924.</strong>
The preface by Carlo Tresca sets up the themes of the work: that believers think the soul is immortal, that there is an "eternal world" that he deems "horrible" in which believers are supposed to - according to his usual enemies, the priests - both suffer pain and experience happiness from a "gruff but good God." <br /><br />Professor Villa, in Part I of this wide-ranging philosophical tract, looks at the soul and the doctrine of immortality, which, he says, allows believers to ignore the injustices of this world because of their focus on the next. <br /><br />TTS (whose real name I do not know), in Part II, traces the meaning and history of the devil. The author asked himself as a child, "Why did God create the Devil?" <br /><br />In the longest section of this work, Part III, Alete Dal Canto (b. Roma 1883 - d. Roma 1968) traces the idea of Hell, which he says, is as old as the mountains, in Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Chinese and other cultures.
A. Villa
Carlo Tresca
TTS
Alete Dal Canto
Casa ed. del Martello
1924
18.5 x 12.25cm; 133 p.
Italian
<strong><em>L'impostura religiosa: la chiesa: Prima traduzione dal francese </em></strong>[Religious Deception: the Church: first translation from the French].<strong> New York: Casa Ed. "Il Martello", 1925</strong>.
With a preface by Giuseppe Altieri, who is perhaps also the translator from French, although nothing in Altieri's preface suggests as much. There is no other information about the translator in the book.<br /><br />Sébastien Faure was a French anarchist, secularist (i.e., anti-clerical) and free-thought activist and proponent of synthesis anarchism (1858-1942). He engaged in politics as a socialist before becoming an anarchist in 1888. He wrote and lectured widely on the importance of the physical, intellectual and moral development of the individual.<br /><br />I find no evidence that the translation into Italian and publication by Carlo Tresca's <em>Il Martello</em> press resulted from any visit to the U.S. by Faure.
Sébastien Faure
Casa Ed. "Il Martello"
1925
19 x 13cm; 218 p.
Italian
<strong><em>L'Italia sotto il Fascismo: ii suoi aspetti economici, politici e morali: discussi in contradittorio dal Prof. Gaetano Salvemini e dal Prof. Bruno Roselli: con premessa e commenti di G. Di Gregorio</em></strong> [<span>Italy under Fascism: its economic, political and moral aspects: discussions in debate of Prof. Gaetano Salvemini and of Prof. Bruno Roselli, with introduction and comments of G. Di Gregorio]. <strong>New York: "Il Martello" Publ. Co., Inc., [1927]. </strong></span>
This work is an account, translated from the English original, of a debate between Salvemini and Roselli that took place on January 22, 1927 in New York under the auspices of the Foreign Policy Association on the theme of "Italy under Fascism." <br /><br />Salvemini (1873-1957) was a towering intellectual figure among Italian anti-fascists in the U.S. for the entire fascist era. There are several works by him in the collection, one published by Carlo Tresca's<em> Il Martello,</em> and the others by (and in issues of) <em>Controcorrente</em> of Boston, the anti-fascist group with which he was most associated while a professor of history at Harvard. <br /><br />He acquired his reputation as an imminent historian and a politician in Italy, and was exiled by the Mussolini government. He established his credentials upon graduation from the University of Florence, where his work included medieval Florence, the French revolution and Giuseppe Mazzini. <br /><br />Salvemini watched is wife, five children and a sister perish before his eyes in the earthquake of 1908 in Messina. He held several appointments at other universities, culminating in his appointment in Florence in 1916. He was associated with the Partito Socialista Italiano for many years. In exile, he continued to organize resistance to Mussolini in France, England and finally the U.S.
Gaetano Salvemini
Bruno Roselli
"Il Martello" Publ. Co., Inc.
[1927]
20 x 14cm; 64 p.
Italian
<strong><em>La responsabilità e la solidarietà nella lotta operaia: rapporto letto alla "Freedom Discussion Group" il 5 dicembre 1899</em></strong> [Responsibility and Solidarity in the Workers' Struggle: report read to the "Freedom Discussion Group," December 5, 1899]. <strong>Barre: Casa ed. L'Azione, 1913.</strong>
Biblioteca di Propaganda Rivoluzionaria. A short report written by German anarchist Max Nettlau. It was published by the book arm of <em>L’Azione</em>, a critical weekly of revolutionary propaganda based in Barre, VT, where Luigi Galleani settled after postal authorities made it too "hot" for him to remain in Newark or East Boston.<br /><p>Max Heinrich Hermann Reinhardt Nettlau<span> (b.</span> 1865 – d. 1944) was a German anarchist and historian. Raised in Vienna, he lived there until the <em>anschluss</em> to Nazi Germany in 1938. Nettlau retained his Prussian (later German) nationality throughout his life. A student of the Welsh language, he spent time in London where he joined the Socialist League and met<span> William Morris, and</span> anarchists such as<span> Errico Malatesta and Peter Kropotkin, with</span><span> </span>whom he remained in contact for the rest of his life. </p>
<p>In the 1890s, realizing that a generation of socialist and anarchist militants from the mid-19th century was passing away and their archives of writings and correspondence being destroyed, he concentrated his efforts and a recent modest inheritance from his father on acquiring and rescuing such collections from destruction. (Much of that collection made its way in the 1930s to the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam.) He also made many interviews of veteran militants for posterity. <br /><br />Nettlau wrote biographies of many famous anarchists, including Mikhail Bakunin and Élisée Reclus, as well as one of Errico Malatesta, q.v., published by <em>Il Martello</em> in New York in 1922. He also wrote a seven-volume history of anarchism.</p>
Max Nettlau
Casa ed. L'Azione
1913
20 x 11.5cm; 21 p.
Italian