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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Learning the languages: For Americans and Italians&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. </text>
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                  <text>The “languages” here are, of course, both English and Italian. In ways that I could not begin to perceive when I started collecting works in Italian, it was by no means a one-way street - that is, with Italian immigrants just wanting to learn English, with Italian as the vehicle to ease their way into learning English. Indeed, the two efforts are intimately related. &#13;
&#13;
First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated.&#13;
&#13;
Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825.  Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well.  They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language.&#13;
&#13;
Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. &#13;
&#13;
In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian.  This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture.&#13;
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advanced Italian Lessons.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;New York: Italian Book Company New York, 1924 (1912).&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This is a copy of the Third Edition of this work, 1924, first published, in 1912. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arbib-Costa (b. Livorno, 1882; active, New York, 1900–1930), professor of romance languages at the College of the City of New York, wrote texts designed to help students of English and Italian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the Preface, Arbib-Costa notes that he has been "encouraged" by the success of his &lt;em&gt;Italian Lessons&lt;/em&gt; to publish "an advanced book in which italian syntax is taken up and treated with a fullness sufficient for th eneeds of the student who desires to have a deeper knowledge of the language." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He notes, too, that on the question of syntax, "the strictly grammatical language" - i.e., written Italian - "and the familiar language with its numberless idioms" - presumably the oral language of Italians - "very often differ." But there's no mistaking what he tells his readers they are getting, not the Italian language of immigrant Italians with whom they might interact, but rather "the language as it is &lt;strong&gt;at present&lt;/strong&gt; spoken by educated people in Italy and as used by good modern authors" (emphasis in original).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Società Libraria Italiana also published Arbib-Costa's English grammar books written for Italian immigrants (see &lt;em&gt;Lezioni graduate di lingua italiana&lt;/em&gt;), his &lt;em&gt;Grammatica moderna della lingua francese&lt;/em&gt;, and the &lt;em&gt;Handbook for the American Citizen/Manuale del cittadino americano. &lt;/em&gt;He also translated Italian works into English.</text>
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                  <text>Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. </text>
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                  <text>The “languages” here are, of course, both English and Italian. In ways that I could not begin to perceive when I started collecting works in Italian, it was by no means a one-way street - that is, with Italian immigrants just wanting to learn English, with Italian as the vehicle to ease their way into learning English. Indeed, the two efforts are intimately related. &#13;
&#13;
First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated.&#13;
&#13;
Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825.  Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well.  They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language.&#13;
&#13;
Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. &#13;
&#13;
In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian.  This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture.&#13;
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italian Lessons. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;New York: Italian Book Company New York, 1914 [copyright].&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>"New &amp;amp; Revised edition. " This "new and revised edition [was] printed from new plates." (From "new plates" is the very definition of a new edition.) This work is designed for the native English speaker eager to learn Italian, and, as I have suggested in several descriptions on this site, may also have been designed in part to help the English-schooled children of Italian immigrants reclaim the language of their parents, although the copies I have examined of various editions of this work do not bear this out.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While no date other than the original Italian Book Company copyright date of 1914 appears, my hunch is that this new edition is a second edition, perhaps dating from the late teens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It would not be until an Eighth edition in 1933 - 24 years after the original 1909 publication -  that the reader would be reminded that despite the 1914 date that appears in every edition (the Fifth and Seventh before the Eighth are in the collection), there was an earlier copyright by another publisher, namely, Francesco Tocci, in 1909.</text>
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                  <text>Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. </text>
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&#13;
First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated.&#13;
&#13;
Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825.  Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well.  They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language.&#13;
&#13;
Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. &#13;
&#13;
In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian.  This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture.&#13;
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                  <text>Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. </text>
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                  <text>The “languages” here are, of course, both English and Italian. In ways that I could not begin to perceive when I started collecting works in Italian, it was by no means a one-way street - that is, with Italian immigrants just wanting to learn English, with Italian as the vehicle to ease their way into learning English. Indeed, the two efforts are intimately related. &#13;
&#13;
First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated.&#13;
&#13;
Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825.  Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well.  They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language.&#13;
&#13;
Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. &#13;
&#13;
In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian.  This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture.&#13;
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italian Lessons.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; New York: Italian Book Company New York, 1914 [copyright].&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>"Seventh Edition."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It would not be until an Eighth edition in 1933, q.v. - 24 years after the original 1909 publication -  that the reader would be reminded that despite the 1914 date that appears in every edition (the Fifth and Seventh before the Eighth are in the collection), there was an earlier copyright by another publisher, namely, Francesco Tocci.</text>
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                  <text>Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. </text>
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                  <text>The “languages” here are, of course, both English and Italian. In ways that I could not begin to perceive when I started collecting works in Italian, it was by no means a one-way street - that is, with Italian immigrants just wanting to learn English, with Italian as the vehicle to ease their way into learning English. Indeed, the two efforts are intimately related. &#13;
&#13;
First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated.&#13;
&#13;
Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825.  Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well.  They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language.&#13;
&#13;
Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. &#13;
&#13;
In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian.  This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture.&#13;
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                  <text>Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. </text>
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                  <text>The “languages” here are, of course, both English and Italian. In ways that I could not begin to perceive when I started collecting works in Italian, it was by no means a one-way street - that is, with Italian immigrants just wanting to learn English, with Italian as the vehicle to ease their way into learning English. Indeed, the two efforts are intimately related. &#13;
&#13;
First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated.&#13;
&#13;
Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825.  Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well.  They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language.&#13;
&#13;
Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. &#13;
&#13;
In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian.  This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture.&#13;
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                <text>See discussion, generally, of the 1914 edition of this work. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And see the additional discussion in the description of what appears to be an identical 1963 edition (with, as here, "revised by F. Tudisco" on the cover but not the title page). Mr. Tudisco is not noted on the cover of the 1944 edition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But wait, there's more: we have recently acquired a still later edition from 1975 (not yet in the Collection) - see the green cover, faux leather - whose publisher is the "Italian Book Corp." of Shore Parkway, Brooklyn. Besides the title page noting this new entity, Italian Book Corp. of Brooklyn and a copyright date of 1975, the title page also lacks any reference to F. Tudisco of the cover of the work, the verso of the title page notes that "This 1975 Edition supercedes all previous editions," and that "Questa nuovissima edizione 1975 contiene le fotografie di tutti i presidenti a pagina 431," which innovation is indeed present.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note the title page here reproduced, that in addition to the 1975 date, the bolded subtitle in this edition adds to "costituzione ecc." the additional phrase (in an unbolded typeface) "Nozioni di guida - presidenti" to distinguish this edition and make it more attractive to prospective purchasers as different from the earlier editions.</text>
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                <text>The Italian Book Company held the copyright, but the bookstore where one could find a copy, in the 1960s, was the Libreria de Martino, as the Italian Book Company had ceased to exist. Angelo De Martino ran the IBC for decades, and continued in business, along with his daughter, for some time after the demise of the IBC.</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825.  Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well.  They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language.&#13;
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Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. &#13;
&#13;
In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian.  This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture.&#13;
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                <text>See a complete description of this work in the entry for the 1914 edition. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We can date this edition approximately at 1944 because the last date in American history in the last section of the work is dated then in the present: translated, it reads, "The second world war promises a victorious and rapid conclusion with the complete liberation of Italy, France and other countries dominated by Germany, and a fruitful and lasting peace."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This edition, or perhaps even a later one, is advertised in a 1951 work, the most recent one in the Collection of the Italian Book Company, namely, in &lt;em&gt;Vita, gesta e amori di Salvatore Giuliano: compilata da U[mbeto] F[ragasso] &lt;/em&gt;[Life, Deeds and Loves of Salvatore Giuliano: compiled by U[mberto] F[ragasso].] New York: Italian Book Company, 1951, q.v.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Learning the languages: For Americans and Italians&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. </text>
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                  <text>The “languages” here are, of course, both English and Italian. In ways that I could not begin to perceive when I started collecting works in Italian, it was by no means a one-way street - that is, with Italian immigrants just wanting to learn English, with Italian as the vehicle to ease their way into learning English. Indeed, the two efforts are intimately related. &#13;
&#13;
First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated.&#13;
&#13;
Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825.  Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well.  They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language.&#13;
&#13;
Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. &#13;
&#13;
In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian.  This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture.&#13;
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nuovissima Grammatica Accelerata: Italiana-Inglese ed Enciclopedia Popolare con Pronunzia. Divisa in 11 Parti&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [Newest Accelerated Italian-English Grammar and Popular Encyclopedia with pronunciation [guide]. Divided into 11 Parts]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Italian Book Co., [1944].&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Angelo De Gaudenzi</text>
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                <text>See a complete description of this work in that of the 1914 edition. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We can date this edition approximately at 1944 because the last date in American history in the last section of the work is dated then in the present: translated, it reads, "The second world war promises a victorious and rapid conclusion with the complete liberation of Italy, France and other countries dominated by Germany, and a fruitful and lasting peace."</text>
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                  <text>Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. </text>
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                  <text>The “languages” here are, of course, both English and Italian. In ways that I could not begin to perceive when I started collecting works in Italian, it was by no means a one-way street - that is, with Italian immigrants just wanting to learn English, with Italian as the vehicle to ease their way into learning English. Indeed, the two efforts are intimately related. &#13;
&#13;
First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated.&#13;
&#13;
Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825.  Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well.  They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language.&#13;
&#13;
Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. &#13;
&#13;
In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian.  This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture.&#13;
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Dizionario moderno Italiano-Inglese, Vol. I/Modern Italian-English Dictionary, Vol. II &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[Facsimile]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Società Libraria Italiana, 1916.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Gaetano F. Lisanti</text>
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                <text>24.5 x 18.5cm;  471 p. (Vol. I);  348 p. (Vol. II)</text>
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                <text>At 471 pages, this Italian-English dictionary,  Volume 1, is immediately followed by a  Volume 2, an English-Italian one, though called "Modern Italian-English Dictionary," weighing in at 348 pages. It was one of the earliest of the "made in America" dictionaries that attempted to supplant the imports from Italy, such as the Millhouse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One oddity is that the author's name as listed on the title pages of each of the two volumes (in one) is slightly different: Vol. I lists author as "Dott. Gaetano F. Lisanti," but in Vol. II, the author is listed as "Dr. Cajetan F. Lisanti."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As is evident from its page length, this dictionary is far more complete than the dictionary that Augusto Bassetti created 27 years before, in 1889, also in New York, and thus seems more likely to have succeeded in providing a robust and useful dictionary as the much greater number of Italians in the City and clearly rooted in America (and thus needing a more substantial vocabulary for their land of adoption).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, unlike the grammars published by the same publisher, the IBC, and others in this same period, the dictionary does not appear, from a review in WorldCat, to have gone through multiple editions. A copy of the original (the Collection has only this facsimile copy) is, interestingly, in the British Library, where not many Italian-American imprints can be found.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more context about the significance of dictionaries in the Italian American community, please see my essays on this website: "Augusto Bassetti and the First English Grammar for Italian Speakers Written and Published in the United States" and "Italian American Book Publishing and Bookselling."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lisanti's contract with the Italian Book Company to write this dictionary is among the business papers of the IBC at the IHRC in Minnesota.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Some years later, Lisanti also authored&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; La crisi sociale da Cristo a Mussolini &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;[The social crisis from Christ to Mussolini], published in New York by the Cocce Bros. in 1933, q.v.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in &lt;em&gt;Parole Colletive&lt;/em&gt;, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the &lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt;. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist &lt;em&gt;Vita&lt;/em&gt;, Vincenzo Vacirca’s &lt;em&gt;Il Solco&lt;/em&gt;, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist &lt;em&gt;Zarathustra&lt;/em&gt;, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist &lt;em&gt;Eresia&lt;/em&gt;, all of which are reflected in the collection. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt; was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt; into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country.</text>
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                  <text>While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La leggenda del Piave&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [The Legend of the Piave].&lt;strong&gt; New York: Italian Book Company, 1918.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Note the copyright by the Italian Book Company both on the cover and at the bottom of the first page of this sheet music: "Copyright 1918 by the Italian Book Co. 145-147 Mulberry Street - New-York| This copy can be imported in the United States only by the Italian Book Co. of New-York."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Right above the copyright (by the IBC in New York) notice at the bottom of the cover page, the Italian publisher is listed as Casa Ed. Musicale -  E. A. Mario | Calata Sant'Anna dei Lombardi | &lt;em&gt;(proprieta letteraria riservata) |&lt;/em&gt; Napoli.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is one of the earliest example in the Collection of sheet music imported by the IBC, with copyright held in the U.S. by the IBC. This arrangement, which the IBC used for scores if not hundreds of titles of sheet music, was a significant part of the IBC's business, along with book publishing in the U.S., and some book importation.</text>
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                <text>E.A. Mario, composer and lyricist</text>
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                <text>This is an Italian Book Company import: underneath the name of the Casa ed. "La Madonnina," the Milanese publisher on the cover, is the notice that the Italian Book Company is "the only custodian [for this work] in the United States of North America." As I note elsewhere, the Italian Book Company was extremely protective of its legal rights as the sole importer from Italy of popular works of fiction and, especially, sheet music.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="n6owBd awi2gc"&gt;&lt;em class="eujQNb"&gt;Mastro Bertuchello e il tesoro dei Ventimiglia&lt;/em&gt; is actually two consecutive historical novels by Luigi Natoli (&lt;em class="eujQNb"&gt;Mastro Bertuchello&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em class="eujQNb"&gt;Il tesoro dei Ventimiglia&lt;/em&gt;, often published as &lt;em class="eujQNb"&gt;Latini e Catalani&lt;/em&gt;). Set in 16th-century medieval Sicily, the plot follows a humble, bookish teacher, Mastro Bertuchello, navigating a dangerous landscape of civil war and palace conspiracies.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="n6owBd awi2gc"&gt;The story centers on the brutal, fratricidal power struggles between major Sicilian baronial factions (such as the Chiaramonte, Ventimiglia, and Palizzi families) as they attempt to wrest supreme authority away from a weakening Aragonese crown. Across the two volumes:&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;ul class="KsbFXc U6u95"&gt;&lt;li class="Z1qcYe"&gt;&lt;span class="T286Pc"&gt;&lt;strong class="Yjhzub"&gt;Volume 1 (&lt;em class="eujQNb"&gt;Mastro Bertuchello&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/strong&gt; Introduces Bertuchello, who wanders the alleyways of Palermo during these bloody aristocratic feuds. He acts as a centering, protective figure while witnessing the shifting allegiances and political turmoil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="Z1qcYe"&gt;&lt;span class="T286Pc"&gt;&lt;strong class="Yjhzub"&gt;Volume 2 (&lt;em class="eujQNb"&gt;Il tesoro dei Ventimiglia&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/strong&gt; Picks up years later with Bertuchello and others now embroiled in a hunt for a massive Ventimiglia family treasure, the existence of which has become a powerful, highly sought-after legend.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
"William Galt," i.e., Luigi Natoli of Palermo, was one of the then contemporary Italian novelists (like Guido Bassi, author of a long-running serial, &lt;em&gt;Sangue Siciliano  &lt;/em&gt;published both in Italy and in the U.S.) quite popular among Italian Americans, one whose works were either published in the U.S. or, as in this case, imported from Italy.</text>
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                <text>Casa ed. "La Madonnina" di Milano</text>
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                <text>1950</text>
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                <text>25.5 x 19.5cm; 301 p.</text>
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        <name>1941-1950</name>
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        <name>La Madonnina</name>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in &lt;em&gt;Parole Colletive&lt;/em&gt;, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the &lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt;. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist &lt;em&gt;Vita&lt;/em&gt;, Vincenzo Vacirca’s &lt;em&gt;Il Solco&lt;/em&gt;, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist &lt;em&gt;Zarathustra&lt;/em&gt;, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist &lt;em&gt;Eresia&lt;/em&gt;, all of which are reflected in the collection. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt; was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt; into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country.</text>
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                  <text>While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quando l'amore bussa…operetta in tre atti&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [When Love Comes Knocking. . . operetta in three acts]. &lt;strong&gt;Napoli: Casa Ed. Gennarelli, 1921.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This import of an operetta (with a book by Alfredo Napolitano, music by Oscar Cattedra) is itself dated and copyrighted 1922, a year after the 1921 publication in Italy. However, note the lower part of the cover, where the 1922 U.S. copyright is imprecisely (in my opinion) listed as by "Italian Book-Store," which is almost surely the Italian Book Company. (There was no "Italian Book-Store" at that time in New York or elsewhere.) The imprecision is also suggestive of the possibility that the Italian Book Company did not actually acquire the U.S. copyright, and hid its tracks by this slight alteration of its name.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a 1986 recording of a song with this name on YouTube, but it is not obvious whether it is from this operetta.</text>
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                <text>Alfredo Napolitano</text>
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                <text>Casa Ed. Gennarelli</text>
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                <text>1921</text>
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                <text>21 x 12cm; [n.p.]</text>
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                <text>Italian</text>
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        <name>published in Italy</name>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Società Libraria Italiana: The Italian Book Company&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;John Huss the Veracious.&lt;/em&gt; New York: Italian Book Co., 1939.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>The book opens with an adulatory preface by "Italian Book Co.," probably De Martino himself. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is one of the relatively few works published by the Italian Book Company in English, presumably to reach a wider audience of Italian American readers not so fluent in Italian as the publisher’s usual readers. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the photo (shot from below) of Mussolini on the cover, rather than an image of the ostensible subject of the book, we already realize that the publisher thought the author more important than the book’s subject. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indeed, the publisher describes this as a youthful work of Mussolini about the 14th–15th century Bohemian heretic, Jan Hus, one in which the dictator’s - not Hus's - “luminous genius is shown,” adding that this work shows Mussolini’s early perception that “the Italians of tomorrow will not be as the Italians of yesterday,” as Italy is “in a process of formation,” with the “powerful propulsion of his will power,” by which Mussolini has “changed the face of Italy, reconstructing the Second Empire of Rome.”</text>
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                <text>Benito Mussolini</text>
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                <text>Italian Book Co.</text>
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                <text>1939</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in &lt;em&gt;Parole Colletive&lt;/em&gt;, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the &lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt;. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist &lt;em&gt;Vita&lt;/em&gt;, Vincenzo Vacirca’s &lt;em&gt;Il Solco&lt;/em&gt;, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist &lt;em&gt;Zarathustra&lt;/em&gt;, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist &lt;em&gt;Eresia&lt;/em&gt;, all of which are reflected in the collection. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt; was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt; into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country.</text>
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                  <text>While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bolocchi e profumi: tango&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [Playthings and Fragrances: tango]. &lt;strong&gt;Napoli: Casa ed. Musicale Tip.-Lit. F. De Luca &lt;/strong&gt;[imported by Italian Book Co.],&lt;strong&gt; 1929.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This sheet music, like much of this genre imported by the Italian Book Company from Italy, was published in Italy by Casa ed. Musicale Tip.-Lit. F. De Luca, Napoli.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But in case there was any doubt, on the cover, the verso of the cover, and on page 2 of the sheet music itself, there is printed "copyright 1929 by Italian Book Co. 145-147 Mulberry Street - New-York. | This copy can be imported in the U.S. only by the Italian Book Co. of New-York." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A number of the business records of the IBC make clear how important a part of its business was the importing of sheet music, music rolls and even musical instruments, as well as books.</text>
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                <text>E.A. Mario</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Società Libraria Italiana: The Italian Book Company&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La regina Giovanna: emozionante romanzo storico napoletano &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[Queen Giovanna: stirring Neapolitan historical novel]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Società Libraria Italiana, [1911?]&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>A good example of an import by the Italian Book Company; the only copies are in Italian libraries. Book ads appear on the verso of the title page for the U.S.-produced Molinari/Cordiferro &lt;em&gt;Raccolta di discorsi&lt;/em&gt; published by the Italian Book Company, and for what appears to be another import by the same New York publisher,&lt;em&gt; Coriolano della Floresta&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Italian title of the original Galdi publication, by Nerbini of Firenze, on sale in later reprints, is &lt;em&gt;Giovanna II. Regina di Napoli. &lt;/em&gt;Whether that reflected that the IBC had not obtained permission to reprint the work is unclear. Business records of that publisher, however, suggest the the IBC often did obtain permission from Italian publishers to be the exclusive distributor - sometimes calling themselves the publisher rather than distributor - in the U.S. of works published in Italy.</text>
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                <text>Davide Galdi</text>
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                <text>21 x 15cm; 876 p.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Società Libraria Italiana: The Italian Book Company&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Italian Cook Book: the Art of Eating Well. &lt;/em&gt;New York: Italian Book Co., 1919.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This is the rare Italian Book Company book in English (Mussolini's biography of Jan Hus is the other in the Collection).  This cook book - typical in some ways of IBC publications, mostly imported, about home and hearth -  is much sought after, selling in the hundreds of dollars. Note, too, that this is an early date for the Società Libraria Italiana to leave out its name in Italian - usually the English name (Italian Book Company) comes right before or right after the Italian name.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note in the page of text reproduced that the English is not so idiomatic, the writer noting that "The Italians serve the spaghetti . . . at the beginning of the meal," rather than "Italians serve spaghetti . . at the beginning of a meal." And that pasta "seems to have pleased the taste of all the peoples of the earth."</text>
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                <text>Maria Gentile</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Società Libraria Italiana: The Italian Book Company&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vita, gesta e amori di Salvatore Giuliano: compilata da U[mberto] F[ragasso] &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[Life, Deeds and Loves of Salvatore Giuliano: compiled by U[mberto] F[ragasso].] &lt;strong&gt;New York: Italian Book Company, 1951.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This is the most recently dated imprint (1951) of the Italian Book Company in the collection. Giuliano (b. 1922, killed 1950) was the 20th c. Sicilian "gentleman bandit" who was the subject of Mario Puzo's &lt;em&gt;The Sicilian&lt;/em&gt;. The copies of this work at the NYPL, a library in Quebec, and two in Italy, all bear the 1951 date.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the outside and inside rear cover are listed other Italian Book Company imprints, several of which are also in the Collection, e.g., &lt;em&gt;Erbario Figurato &lt;/em&gt;(whose title is actually &lt;em&gt;Il libro delle erbe: medicinali e magiche di [A.DeM &amp;amp; UF] compilato su varie opere di botanica medica)&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Nuovissima Grammatica Accelerata&lt;/em&gt;; others, especially cook books of various types, e.g., how to prepare ricotta, lasagna, calzone and how to preserve fruits, appear in the &lt;em&gt;Strenna almanacco anno 1919 e catalogo generale della Libreria Banca Tocci &lt;/em&gt;[Free Almanac for the year 1919 and General Catalogue of the Banca Tocci Bookstore]. New York: Libreria Banca Tocci, 1919, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That "U.F." stands for Umberto Fragasso, which I gleaned from the fact that Italian Book Company publisher De Martino and, by name, Umberto Fragasso, co-"compiled" the above-cited work in the Collection, namely, &lt;em&gt;Il libro delle&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;erbe&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We also reproduce here an ad for the Italian Book Company from &lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt; in 1950 that displays another category of books in the IBC's inventory: books about love, hygiene, sexual maladies and the like, as well as the book about herbs of De Martino and Fragasso at that time.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il bandito pugliese Nicola Morra, vita ed avventure, riordinate ed ampliate da A. De Martino &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[Nicola Morra: Bandit from Puglia. Life and adventures, reordered and expanded by A. De Martino] &lt;strong&gt;[Facsimile]. New York: Società Libraria Italiana, 1914.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>In 1896, Pasquale Ardito published in Italy&lt;em&gt; Le avventure di Nicola Morra, ex bandito pugliese&lt;/em&gt;. There is no indication (at least in this facsimile) that De Martino, who takes credit here for having "reordered" or "rearranged" as well as "enlarged" the text, obtained the rights from Monopoli of Ghezzi, the Italian publisher. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The "bandit," whose life, especially whose "adventures" captured the imagination of listeners, was an admired figure in the imagination of those who resisted the unification of Italy that took place during the Risorgimento. See, e.g., Augusto Bassetti's &lt;em&gt;Amor Focoso&lt;/em&gt;, in the collection. But the fascination with "bandits" really goes back even to an earlier time of the romantic hero of orally transmitted stories in parts of Italy where there was no or little literary culture, what Walter Ong called a "residuary oral" culture. The "fixing" in print of the form in the ever sightly different oral retellings of such stories shows the kind of "bridge" between oral culture and literate one that many Italians to whom the U.S. Italian publishing industry appealed needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the end of the text proper is a "seconda parte" entitled "Il Forzato" (i.e. prisoners who do hard labor), entitled "List of political prisoners condemned to hard labor after 1848," by region in Italy, name, and number of years of hard labor, a recognition that those called "bandits" were really political prisoners.</text>
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                <text>Antonio De Martino</text>
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                <text>[Pasquale Ardito]</text>
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                <text>23.25 x 15.5cm; 262 p.</text>
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                <text>Italian</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tripoli italiana: La guerra italo-turca: le nostre prime vittorie- descrizioni ed appunti reordinati da Antonio De Martino &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[Italian Tripoli: the Italo-Turkish War: Our First Victories. Descriptions and notes reordered by Antonio De Martino].&lt;strong&gt; New York: Società Libraria Italiana, 1911.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>In rooting for Italy’s colonialist ventures (as he would root years later for Mussolini), the publisher Antonio De Martino lost no time: a state of war, as is noted early on in this work, had only just been declared by Italy against Turkey on September 29, 1911, the year of publication of this work. &lt;em&gt;Tripoli italiana&lt;/em&gt; reflects the patriotic spirit felt by most Italians living in America, which reflected itself in support for Italy’s several imperialistic (and usually disastrous) adventures in Africa. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As would later be the case with the more sympathetic Italian war with Austria (see Paolo Pallavicini’s &lt;em&gt;La guerra italo-austriaca (1915-1919)&lt;/em&gt;), the publisher celebrated Italian actions in the same year the war ended. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This one concerned the war between Italy and Turkey over Tripoli, bordered on the west by Tunisia and on the east by Egypt. This unwavering patriotic fervor was in obvious contrast to the opposition of the radicals, who vigorously protested such ventures, see, e.g.,in the Collection, “A Basso [sic] con Mussolini e il fascismo! …. A Basso La Guerra…."</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Guides, rulebooks, domestic aids, "keys", model speeches, and letters, for the protection of Italians and to enable them to become Americans&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Segretario amoroso italiano-inglese &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[Romantic Secretary (Italian-English)]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Italian Book Company, 1945.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>The "secretary" like this one, filled with "model" business and social letters in both Italian and English, was surely a best seller for the Italian Book Company - Società Libraria Italiana: witness the variety of such works just by the IBC alone. For example, De Martino also wrote (with Violetta Sironi) a &lt;em&gt;Segretario speciale per la corrispondenza delle madri, spose, fidanzati con i figli, mariti, fidanzati in italiano&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note the clothing worn by the lovers on the cover of the book, obviously a far cry from the clothing immigrants or indeed any Americans ever wore in the 20th or even 19th century. For an excellent discussion of the long tradition in Italy of such works that Italian American publishers followed, see Mary Anne Trasciatti, "Letter Writing in an Italian Immigrant Community: A Transatlantic Tradition," &lt;em&gt;Rhetoric Society Quarterly&lt;/em&gt;, 39.1 (Jan. 2009), 73-94. Immigrant Italians struggling to learn both standard Italian as well as English were surely in the greatest need of such aids. Although the quality of the English versions of the letters is uneven, to put it charitably, one must remember the residual oral society from which most of the immigrants came.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note the advertisement, which appears on the back cover, for another IBC work, &lt;em&gt;The Amorous Adventures of Casanova: &lt;/em&gt;Italian men in New York could thereby be encouraged to believe they too could have "amorous adventures" like Casanova if only they knew how to write letters such as appeared in the &lt;em&gt;Segretario amoroso italiano-inglese &lt;/em&gt;as a result of buying and deploying the tools provided by that book!</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Casanova: memorie d'avventure amorose &lt;/em&gt;|&lt;em&gt; scritte da lui stesso &lt;/em&gt;|&lt;em&gt; e riordinate da &lt;/em&gt;|&lt;em&gt; Franco Bello &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[Casanova: memoirs of amorous adventures].&lt;strong&gt; New York: Italian Book Company, 1944.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The fascination of many with the “avventure amorose” of one of the great pleasure seekers and serial seducers (of the wives and daughters of important subjects of French King Louis XV) in European history apparently continued into the 1940s America among Italians in the U.S. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;As is sometimes the case with books published by the Italian Book Company, the information on the cover and title page do not match. Here the title on the cover, which is mostly a photo of a bewigged Casanova in a garden with one of his conquests states, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;“Casanova| Idolo di tutte le donne.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The subtitle, “Idol of all women,” does not appear on the title page and may have been an afterthought based on another work of the publisher advertised on the rear cover. There the publisher announces a new release entitled &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Vita Amorosa di Valentino, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;with a photo of the great Italian movie idol who, at least in films, was a modern day Casanova, and a text that reads, in Italian, “There needs no explanation for this new publication of the Italian Book Company. The life of the adventurous hero of the screen, idol of women, incomparable artist, his triumphs, his loves, his tragic ending are a subject that will thrill and enthrall any reader, female or male.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Casanova&lt;/em&gt; was available “in an elegant edition” in both a paperback ($1) and a hardbound or "legato" ($2) version. Of purported author Franco Bello, we know that the Società Libraria Italiana also published another work of his with a suspiciously similar title, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Vita ed avventure amorose di cavalier Marino&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; (1914), of which title I have never seen a copy (nor can one be found on WorldCat or in the Italian Library system).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Here the IBC was appealling mostly to a certain segment of its readership: women, but perhaps also men who were encouraged (in the &lt;em&gt;Secretary&lt;/em&gt; also sold by the IBC) to purchase the model "secretary" works in order to appeal to Italian women in America.&lt;/p&gt;
Note that just as an ad for this work appeared on the rear cover of the &lt;em&gt;Secretary&lt;/em&gt;, so the advertisement on the rear cover of this work on Casanova was for &lt;em&gt;Vita Amorosa di Valentino&lt;/em&gt; (also in the collection, with a slightly different title) published the same year. Valentino was of course the modern day Casanova. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Casanova and Lorenzo Da Ponte - the earliest Italian writer in America in the collection - were great friends and competitors as ladies’ men in Europe, and at least one meeting of the two while Casanova was writing his&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; Memoirs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; has been reported, in which Da Ponte introduced his own wife to Casanova as his mistress, to save face. This meeting occurred some years before Da Ponte actually came to America, where he wrote and published his own memoirs in Italian, q.v., not published in Italy in his lifetime.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The fascination with Casanova continues unabated to this day: the French state displayed the original manuscript of his memoirs and other writings for the first time at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France for a few months, beginning in November 2011, to long lines of visitors.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;A real life story: Vincenzo Paternò del Cugno, a Sicilian baron who was always short on money, killed his lover, the Countess Giulia, in Rome in March 1911, when she refused to give him any more money and broke off their extra-marital relationship. Married to Count Trigona, the Countess was a member of the Sicilian nobility, a lady in waiting to the Queen of Italy who was in Rome attending to the queen when she met with Paternò one last time, in a seedy hotel. Her sister was married to Tomasi di Lampedusa, whose one work &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Il gattopardo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;(The Leopard) — a signal landmark in Italian literary history — itself centered on the decline of the ancient Sicilian nobility.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;As discussed more fully in the description of the 1944 edition of this work, when he got out of prison thirty years later, Paternò was once again broke. He tried to cash in on his story: he wrote to De Martino  for money: the last letter in the series is Paternò’s thank you to De Martino for a new suit and other gifts. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Antonio De Martino (not the company) held the copyright for the original of this facsimile of the 1912 first edition of this work (with the long subtitle). De Martino was clever enough to obtain, on behalf of the company, the copyright to tell this story as early as that time, just after the events of 1911 discussed above, while the murderer was in prison. This facsimile copy of the 1912 edition seems to be the &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; edition before the 1944 actual copy in the collection; copies of the latter become available for purchase with some regularity, suggesting its popularity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is also no evidence suggesting that the pseudonym (Duchessa X) of the nominal author in 1944 - just “Duchessa” in this 1912 original edition - was anyone other than the enterprising De Martino himself. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The work is illustrated by Giovanni Abys; the same illustrations appear, though in different places, in the much more commonly found 1944 edition. Abys (as John not Giovanni) also illustrated Salvatore Sturiale's &lt;em&gt;Storia della Sicilia Antica&lt;/em&gt;, q.v.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il libro delle erbe: medicinali e magiche di A. De Martino e Umberto Fragasso, compilato su varie opere di botanica medica &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[Illustrated Herbarium. Medicines and Magic Potions Compiled by A. De Martino and Umberto Fragasso, based on Various Works of Botanical Medicine].&lt;strong&gt; New York: Italian Book Company, 1946.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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