1 25 20 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/7e9911ad489f5b00afea2167d70e5afc.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=XC4nSIfSTWH9bI-HyJMkrIABVjfvEZ8fcaunfHNVT2sE%7EIx6P6n5yADa1bMWk4eAGxN8MoVCR-ii%7EGq92efewdtpiuusRlSehXIM7wZq8YkJOmFa-RACI2t7H7Lhda5tYUCcGVEqxBxjA3JcR3WGWeAreaRFJTahsN2pF-WnzGZ4eSjACfIPzPya7en6jLZcC2jMwSSZ6qZCeXFlciSmTu1X2dTH81Kuo2ApC7XcYSjzQvR4WSGPmm6KCInjW3X3VXm-nhHY1tSNufcliz6jxbB%7EB-Y1f7W4HsS9ecFemyfs5uPb2q19f2leeBJZocFyjlaCHwKRPZUiufsggmhCIA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a0e1459db7e8a4f2181fbfc33b7f1c90 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La grande rivoluzione in marcia [The great revolution on the march]. Newark: L'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1940. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gold O'Bay Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available L'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 20x14cm; 28 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource Gold O’Bay was one of several pseudonyms used by Tintino Rasi (b. Genoa, 1893; d. Philadelphia, 1963). Rasi was an anarchist at an early age in Genoa, where he was under constant surveillance by the police for his political activities. In 1921, along with Renzo Novatore, whose work is also in the Collection, he edited the anarcho-individualist and futurist journal Vertice. During the 1930s, he wrote for the publisher L’Adunata dei Refrattari in Newark. in 1938, he settled in Philadelphia, and collaborated with Virgilio Gozzoli in New York in anti-fascist activities. These are the first three journals in a series covering social issues. The first pamphlet introduces itself as the first series of journals or notebooks, quaderni, as “Quaderni sui problemi sociali” (Notebook of Social issues), and states that each will address a separate social issue of “our time.” Each volume promotes the Galleanisti anarchist newspaper that published this pamphlet on the rear cover. anarchist L'Adunata dei Refrattari https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/6a6728c4781efa72095083f47a296e72.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=qY8JqeHY48DHwp3w7pOq6zejctrwC9%7EbnYl3n4PCYOpxYpzVWTEb4HBwHhgccy3SyG9ULLk6Hs2ZTAdEjoNMVoPHXU%7EBuD-LEgahTUCkxLfZBbJmPiXyDp1BeyDpKF31JdyxNkYdcblhe5YRTXUg8cPtUxWbJp8PzLD60urGKhzDgsAsb0Pvm2XsyosSdzPw3m5DmuEVcNNAFynQv-7MYubUaLktPw-txfXkMqwPh86KAs3l8wkL%7EXU9En6z822dgjL4iFjtP041GVGg%7Ekj5yPhHUdMGTyZCCgMqFzBsdm9JkuTYQ8NK0QsKaMzfxvvSxgre%7E1d3iOlJhjTpGghNew__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 68ac7fe108ae56ddc123cea1e2c18ffe https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/3cc96138c87191131b0dc1b798602a74.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=oJ05NRzPgIy6e6qjk3PWRkptTCdFAb2%7E8Rn%7ErlPN2pLxT6ntfS%7EqRyEIBvFJYFAjBmImREKEhYgodrgD2id3v5tTagnqyZ0SXQbufTTlHM0%7ECnUYCYaVdFnXNkeIPQsMYyWGXCfPf7dmpovxdeSrSBOdTGU7Ypl9czocQ1-WbpepJUqAZr55XEFghj-2dqXFVwdt7ZChv5CkeStWmMSaP7epRYgOEob-70nLvX4f7wFfvN0ly6bWUq3z3I1-67h%7EmP4tcxoikV9vF%7ELipxH03ARhwnosnhQtjXsAwOOiuXUpA5dBMhrqM5ESV2G8iQnwxrELoG12h6AM4GZcVNh6mw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 54da59042269ce1239ff52241f2266e0 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/1d7a8c7f1d96d113e4023713a9827802.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Qad5DZa%7EOOhW752M57BtPVzpseslF3U4GK8Jsb70sYTOScCyvxrU8OHrhT0mABeyDVd9ZH65OGftmP0AkBNh-6OgndVll0OEWeQaCUJdpPUd09dE5n9NNdTUAhB6HYIv3DP06%7EO9E2RctMHrUoRaTLmDILxsnOyJ0EJ1SFsmTioJrR0lqoJ-O2vtJ3rMUJjF0kBOIB6u%7E70ye670JmAZ4AAUhrTPnqEMvMgRg5CuQlVZXSXV7Bci9J7U5Ej250ZhkSSKOwgCEJWsIbfVXEQ1yJwzMNpd7RNfAkyTvAqnWf3qxki40afAKyMDvlqJH8eJYGdCk89xGwAc-l2fxv7ygQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 23ee3b522283045fe8b7b7531859cc7f https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/8dbb001aae4c9a1604ef4a15d77ffab4.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=ccpxKTyCQ9aFdsTSkWW%7Ev4MO-cNPtI5bo-K8n6yjGTtnO0%7EUOIQg6nvJs1MzOSTlu6h3w8iP2w780HoRUhMr0olcRzL0uhSfUooDNmFBUVk9R4PDlkDAHINCIGyqwhJ5zQXLIg-6Q3nWboPREmM-5pa1-Gx4mpcXxKTBsYD%7ENXjrWVB69QNdEPKlQiRMjr%7E2DUMqBMcAyI88EMTdEOfXHeNT7aDsFsfb2nGFWTMupp8yFY%7EmKrft3yFVOjvFJ8rgRf%7EsocyIx%7E3mS8vWib4h26LjYxh68VvBB5pvc5n44ttLkcbPluoUalY-UoeBtIb2DdI1o6u9H1Mu0Ot38o5Q3A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d6679144245ec98cddd9d0dca25d05a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memorie Autobiografiche [Autobiographical Memoirs]. Transl. by Luigi Galleani. New York: A. Salsedo, 1929. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clemente Duval Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 22 x 15cm; 203 p. Description An account of the resource This is a translation from the French of the autobiography of Clement Duval, a French anarchist and thief, whose sentence upon conviction was commuted from death to imprisonment in French Guyana, but escaped and made his way to New York, remaining there for the rest of his life, shletered by Galleanists. His story was recounted in Papillon, a popular work which, shorn of Duval's politics, was made into a successful film. Luigi Galleani translated the work from the French. This copy belonged to O[svaldo] Maranghia, who wrote his name as owner on the front free endpaper; he was an editor of L'Adunata dei Refrattari. This was intended to be the first volume in a series, but Salsedo only produced one volume. A complete edition did not appear until more than a decade later. The publisher, Andrea Salsedo, was a Sicilian immigrant, part of Galleani's group with Sacco and Vanzetti. In 1920 he was arrested by the Justice Department's Bureau of Investigation (as the FBI was then called) on suspicion of involvement in a bombing conspiracy. He was interrogated, incommunicado, for weeks on an upper floor at 15 Park Row in New York. On May 3, 1920 he plummeted from the window to the street below. Some accused the authorities of "suiciding" him; an alternate theory is that under torture he eventually surrendered the names of his accomplices, and out of shame, he leaped to his death voluntarily. Only days after his death Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available A. Salsedo, ed. anarchist-antiorganizational Clement Duval L'Adunata dei Refrattari Luigi Galleani New York non-Italian https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/0f5f3baf0c6dbba5c76ad707a58a2339.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Pp2cXrp0-p4XGpZeXgvEjWsDWk-U1EL-CwV7uQTrzh09baC1mgGw2T%7EdDrOhpb56NU3sM8coxWYGoam0OWEPzuOt69eUWQNjm3mv7vqSQAVnQthjrqis0LLb0PFPmNNgSfknMc1o0-z1u%7E9HvQKxMjNxws1bI8e6SKeg%7E6poOggbBc1ZOlKl037VVIhF9AttwPHMJU8OKsi8ngSchjen7Le0s9H2CHaYRsupigYPf30xY0A0eajQdEkoG8xSBlQeWZfQWh4U1vY5CbnLIwYphG4v0HhQ70HhqIUK%7EnGpj6fww1LXNXDjh9ABOOqfn9SRCfQc7i2Rjt%7EAxBZsOGjBdg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM dfe13306d4b37d2a564f729860fe0ab6 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/fa7448ae79a2c961cced28d0abd45782.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Nk4K63d5nsbbHUMCSCT48M-McIA6N2KjyZknA8a00VJDwc3v0-%7E%7Ei9HEEak6kJtqoMxI5hpjkgJVo62VvhqFXQ8%7EyCJqEoNpidpUdt2c2SsSu1nvMHs3F0fORoAhn1%7EqLmQy%7EBvq1SiJQnfa5G6Gjz5FEdta2sO9od8C%7EAW7vrYr248dOwhZDeUvz5GIUVC7RJWaA60U8KldPXOsa%7EMeN7y0BNKd9MA%7EihJKF6meGzOYnOLkM4C8TKqj8Mud0Eh1UOOwe3zbNvn5bFwtLvzrNb9QuKRdQykTpsxtknAEqzw3wgDUBteuZ57WWEbrCCllykNuGpFJqo%7EGKXyfpBnvtA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fcbf37c6971a7def464bf56104ad5674 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il lavoro attraente [Attractive Work]. Ginevra: Carlo Frigerio, Ed., 1938. Description An account of the resource This is an edited version of an essay which had appeared first in the U.S., in the Italian-American anarchist paper L'Adunata dei Refrattari, edited by "Max Sartin" (Raffaele Schiavina) after he secretly returned to the U.S. following his deportation in 1919, along with that of Luigi Galleani and others. The American publication was part of the Biblioteca di Coltura Libertaria; No. 1, Gennaio-Febbraio 1938. The reprint in Geneva of an essay originally published in the U.S. is another example of the international nature of the anarchist and socialist movements. Besides Switzerland and the U.S., Berneri was widely published in France and Italy. Berneri, an Italian professor of philosophy, and along with Errico Malatesta, Armando Borghi, a leading writer for Umanità Nova, was an anarchist theorist and propagandist who organized anti-fascist brigadiers in Spain, q.v. Berneri in Ispagna in the collection. He was assassinated by Stalinists while in Barcelona in 1937. Unlike the case with Borghi, Galleani or Malatesta, despite his writing for American Italian publications, there is no evidence of Berneri ever setting foot in the U.S. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camillo Berneri Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Il lavoro attraente [Attractive Work]. Geneva: Carlo Frigerio, Ed. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 20 x 13.5cm; 35 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anarchist anti-fascist Camillo Berneri L'Adunata dei Refrattari https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/bb1bf01ad13362b360efd73496d528a2.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=wHjfZhwOtZs6yQjS6j1jO5KOT%7EkTM5KvIMoNp-M2N7smIpCZAZvjqqZlmA445FTugMDaBQmzb0roUyjZEcRNcYxUQZbyxVL2kd4SdOXtxMvWgkVHPQiH-nKFqRfIRPTzCNYS8TvXunScwt1y1d7AA4njnhvCxGiOzuSH9lHr-jvQbhutDwFRlW1NIYptu%7E0Z06jXaSGUDeOWPCMOp8ob6CQqeOyjjCFhq1b7AgBhJqtMeGLb0Vql5T07TvP4Sr8Pje9Aig7yMkJQri%7EpBga8khirMO7MQb-GIg1%7EtrvPHHUgxc4fBAqlXdf6A8CP71l6ZJ4hBy-Xvgg00J2s6B9tsA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 472a5395b5a16ecf9288a42280c6c2d2 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/b7dd6d775a21d59a82f7d31a88058d7d.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Tf36Lo0C7-o%7EOAgejyua72Q5r2a3iu%7EvapT6Zs8zNbyWnqc2v0yJgmzjfGPSeKEUsGvmsT207xwcstRxKCLjplVCmRKzkzn3ZFzlQKuLWAn62ezPk-dRyD16ZGoZfguqMyoA6XvRicx2HZ95POgOushWjwlvs3Z-U0%7E8eNZQKIF8czuFh9FOD0qck7%7EfwrCy7r%7EO98gul8y6iCIWysZ3ayrigh0bSxVvYhSIpruzcPOxIFPEP9E4ZZi3NbGL96sIipOHd8Zp3QZBe0pt1E9LVZYSlBo6KKmHA8BY6xusDg%7EQ9Ma1VVb8RaQ30l-NxcHMFuzVsnggdKCC6gdM%7E5GUvA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d773bb207d751514a9022ce75a881387 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/0b3a44e2fee1a5394964aa373cd0d12e.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=sxeterLmTVN2Ju2ew1CorAfOBQ48FxSqFGhwE2Q6CHTNAyNKcO4p24JcIU-RVKZcCzNggirUA8ziMh6QdxUnhk%7EP-vSGPoj9CIkBbUO-DBexlDzQCsubBvrAKhFhEZGxhNRfWUs7AJ0BEjZekU17OBb41Fw%7E%7EZWf6HmwLGDgCME3Sh-6InDbwhtQjYefLgm4-p5TGVOXdDeWN%7EyRV8YvUuZ38UXT4mDL4kUwhDnwjBnInYRhyvYomFUTtdlm1kUFiYJs9ENGDoYQUSbUpLC3seaaqvWtbVQtEvgTRVIuDGCA2wiZ5LreWcMxtTRfPurJaxPrLbOO4CXRErPwFh8JvA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 543f15557dd8416d35f84379483ba37e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Attorno ad una vita [About a Life]. Newark: Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1940. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gigi Damiani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 12.5cm; 47 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource This is a short biography by Damiani of Niccolò Converti , an anarchist writer who published, among other works, Repubblica ed anarchia (Tunisia, 1889), which Damiani mentions. Born in 1855 or, according to Damiani, 1858 in Cosenza (Calabria), Converti died in Tunisiain 1939. He studied medicine and after a long spell in Tunis, the city he was to choose as principal residence, he returned to Italy for the first time in years and finished his medical degree. Converti was attracted to the ideas of libertarian socialism, which was widely known in Naples thanks to the influence of Bakunin, who had lived there. He joined the Internationale, quickly becoming the most active member of the Neapolitan group, and carried on intense propaganda activity both with contributions to the existing press with the creation of new bulletins. In May 1885, Converti published an anarchist communist newspaper, Il Piccone, in brochure format. His forced departure to France left the Neapolitan anarchist moving in difficulty. With the help of some French and Italian anarchist friends, he founded the Internationale Anarchiste. He became a doctor to the indigent in Tunis, which was filled with Italian refugees from political persecution. In 1896 he started the theoretical magazine La Protesta Umana, whose contributors included Luigi Fabbri and Amilcare Cipriani. He continued to work on the night shift as a doctor at the Italian colonial Hospital G. Garibaldi, which he had also helped to found. He maintained constant links with Camillo Berneri and others in the anarchist community. When he died in September 1939, the entire antifascist community of Tunis turned out to salute him. I find no evidence that Converti ever came to the U.S. The publisher, the Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, is one of the best represented publishers in the collection - about 16 works. 1931-1940 L'Adunata dei Refrattari Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/43cf17f1beaa99bfda67fa82658d1c02.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=uiDze6YozLHKjJb6UqL0w0rkwkb4d9tQSxURlv8rilAjhJHbN-RDJGVnWUeHhYA3hefRyyYm%7Eq2eE-4PWxAF0uNy-pl1RLWSPEttvrhAsgMFHtplTVcLwF%7E2o05ZUZgzCEgZPu1SgTzYCsXZqMLw%7EcYVgKRBJsmk%7ENuvyvs6eM8FLAUNnGPtg-Q2tFApTKpp4eiEi6GyD7qbHMCX4h9GZkXX9JUeYWuJfNgej6cvVj4LaEx2whbcvVZr1%7EifDUt2PS6oaA4ARYNrfLZDgQys7Wl5FEfO2NNrx8p8nBcKxrRzWeoIbnScI4mFYnsb-X8%7E4VX9OTYrXBZC7F7lQuUAiQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f7d86d5827b259011ed04b06304cd245 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/991ad10caef3ba9369d5ac1a6caf44d1.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=LtKCcCgkR1VrOP6iI-mG8xUdqah0%7EJIaK%7E9FK9XEzaMUNjb5iV6RgtU7WqAqOUID7Nu7tZC1SQsL33DkbEa0zr5M9malvl3I8hsg7Wl9MwBbFJoshJCwxTaq4fOza3AMmtec4QuYmOkRzi5DC1pz%7ESI04MtdPJ7S6K%7EI93-5cNSCkonPK8cYLNnoj0Y8jd-sJbauZO5ucCdPlNSAM2uzZhZkWZgFk14zHh%7EXDwfOGso%7EtB03j5KY%7EdoQ6ReM00VcOJwoXdNxnkyaLXj7T5M2inFmx3E4c%7EuVWME4Wdaz9zJCdZUolMLkKUs1ia7safDEDENJEv8TxiGi33qoxnvLjg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 47414cb6ed6a8209c05b8e2df766c5b0 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/9ad66ac6ea6d80f97a2e0a171319ae57.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=TdxwfLoGBA3QBpgPS3gYMeJAxIJyWcB2fq2Zi17SelHc3Mn9W7UPkBxMkU-lbcPBub5JDFRYf5thcxOz-2cb4xF6hyG%7Ed-54X210mvOZuslxUqJFIS7N8LOmAVWZxpaoXLM93pB59bgQziCExleF5G2D5GoEacbRtswRdAeHnS8Pb9sMdc-lVBpsKKSOSNkqBhKO5ZXWrzmpekPMA9ZC5FX0cIzyNckMU8J7AdEfzqz6QY3RU6KbZcWniv8VbIoMVkuuiO5HjQsUiIhwe6lwzOeywquPIPJwkIPK83pLgXCQZ009CHAldkpicCzqbETwigRpgnFDTnl-3jE7C37H3Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8cf4a0e71693c0e3c56da3506764730d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stato e comune [State and City]. Newark: Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1946. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gigi Damiani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 11.5cm; 23 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource Gigi Damiani (b. Rome, 1876; d. Rome, 1953) was an author well published in the U.S., but there is no evidence that he ever set foot in this country. Other than a few plays published in Detroit, and one in New York, the plays of Damiani were all published in the U.S. in Newark by L’Adunata dei Refrattari, the Galleanisti publication started by Raffaele Schiavina, who secretly returned to the U.S. (using the pseudonym Max Sartin) after he and Galleani had been deported in 1919 for their political views. Damiani was an important anarchist figure in Italy; indeed, after the deaths of Galleani and Malatesta, he was considered by the fascist regime to be the most important (and thus dangerous) Italian anarchist leader. He was a compelling writer who as successfully as any, other than Cordiferro and Giovannitti, used the theatre as a means to promote anarchist ideas. He traveled throughout the world, including Brazil, France, Belgium, Spain and Tunisia. As recently as 1991, a more philosophical and theoretical work, Damiani’s Saggio su di una concezione filosofica dell’anarchismo (An Essay of a Philosophical Conception of Anarchism) was first published in Pistoia, Italy, and is in the Collection. Its publication so many decades after World War II, and nearly 40 years after Damiani's death, suggests the continued vitality of his ideas. The publisher, the Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, is one of the best represented publishers in the Collection, with about 16 works. L'Adunata dei Refrattari Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/f08041754c4fda986e4a70856ae615d8.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=rddTiaeQkAxy9kG902ejiKFoQLHqce2NHjp62VXtYUJAhJd0IYxhc3oSBGAaoCmreh1U9RquaRS%7EH2y6fVPTRRBMsEivOQNv4RRPIoUePi0WUo1chW55T7HG5EFmoRbvacUJ2iql5PPD9xQopddnr8Jwpia0kctIW8D-OFKoeNm8gZ3UlEYJOse%7E5wfv8fzBoRHXZv6-g-xOsDo-Q3ZtAowU66NDmHKcdcLFRC1J3QjUW7L%7EWmKZ1RhYTXTNByL9xSAgKY5aronWHzQ3IG0SF57cbkPdO7cThzAJ6YrumyrFDlvaTsTbXPLhYl49hO8tkUkJBSJfhV00EvfSfAQDPQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b50367006ec2f3b46b4a02c014e5e69b https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/e6783038230e546322a63cf5e3ca908b.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Ul8Xk4YqZXxS9UwHxxatHoJYx3VkqqbZiX3ehsfl%7EJOOjhD9vVUKO9G53OmRla23hXBz3%7Egsmfvlx2GNWKQ8cevJ26f4Hs-Y6IZDjxLfc5I8vO71L3L-DlkVGHQN1l6TV%7EpOZiylP3M3CyTdIST%7E9XLZRvP1ZaO4mstCkk-0tPmAA%7EqJWNY193LBQEu9a33uBxUHDUx2Yujelzx8%7E2vrK8nxkRhEYFnSY0g22i9yLR1DZcJh7Q24PsCp3nxeIyETrlhS2mRmV0D-nsMNO8%7EUiZo6DFrtFJVRaXo59b5tfxwGHAvyERxX7%7EpFuHGIrfjec70W0qkDMpYcvoU4vYFMSQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ade75ad32eb23157a3fdae640f805801 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Histories, philosophy, biographies, directories, bibliographies, almanacs, catalogues, annuals, religious, educational, and travel literature Subject The topic of the resource These largely non-political works reflect a broad pallette of non-fiction reflections on the history of Italians in the U.S., travel literature, biographies (like that of the Peanut King, Obici), or the religious, like Sister, later Mother, and final Saint Cabrini. Description An account of the resource In these non-fiction works, Italians reflected upon themselves and their American experiences. Representing the non-sovversivi type of immigrant, who were more interested in becoming American and “making it” in America than in stoking class warfare and remaking society, They began to place themselves in the context of contemporary American society and the history in America. The release in 1921 of Alfredo Bosi’s Cinquant’anni di vita italiana in America, the first history of Italians in the United States, represented a watershed - the first 50 years of Italians in America - and allegedly arose from a conversation between journalist Bosi and King Vittorio Emanuele of Italy in 1901, in which the king expressed curiosity about the Italian colony in America. Luigi Roversi’s biography of Palma di Cesnola proudly places that Italian within the august homes of white Anglo-Saxon Protestant America, into which di Cesnola had married, and where he ruled as the first director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. More than the first half of Flamma’s “biography” of the greatest mayor New York City had ever seen, Fiorello LaGuardia, has little to do with La Guardia, unfortunately, but the work did reflect his obvious pride that after electing mayors in 29 other cities, Italians “finally” elected (in 1933) a mayor of Italian heritage to the country’s most important city. The directories discussed here, from New York to San Francisco, provide a particularly rich source of information about the different businesses and professions Italians had in virtually every state of the union, from as early as the 1880s (in San Francisco) to the first few decades of the 20th Century (primarily in New York). Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Berneri in Ispagna [Berneri in Spain]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1937. Description An account of the resource Deported to Italy from the U.S. in 1919 with his leader, Luigi Galleani, author Schiavina returned illegally to the U.S. in 1928 using the name Max Sartin, editing L'Adunata dei Refrattari under that name until its demise in 1971. (Schiavina died in 1987.) This work is his tribute to Camillo Berneri (b. 1897, Lodi - d. 1937, Barcelona), Italian anarchist who participated in the Spanish Civil War and who was assassinated in Barcelona by Stalinists in 1937. For Schiavina's biography, see the description in La guerra che viene. To see some of his works, search for "Max Sartin." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Max Sartin [Raffaele Schiavina] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bib. de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 17 x 12cm; 40 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anarchist Durante L'Adunata dei Refrattari Max Sartin (Raffaele Schiavina) Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/6695c1183ae3a78e368672540eb89a35.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=QJWvMmN4c6wGDFiWmB3luSb4ipy1YEfYFbc5Nlb%7EzNMX0%7ERg0GifMQYm-E%7EDHPeYHI1rg4cZMA8eH%7Ea4WNA06FYIdpyB8sFdIOD5v8rR-9Hl%7Evj-huN86hYuML4C0hfEteaDm9P9jMddeS5a%7Em3wICDT5SrHpcHYmT5zMtbdEjRv-ajnJMwH7Nu%7Eml-xVZN%7Erz39cf0CIWe24QhWKBSbz3MJlCLty-zmzMBymIBfRyu%7EJaZMf-str6xQn8FOzhM3NxFiHFZTETCdK4xjn9XAfnHQujwOAWWysn5XjTeLhhrti7MFjEj1YDdpSohlEp3%7E7ZhIKUhbxFjMuN9Mw6NdVg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f4e2a17d7ebd052628d4be67dfbd018b https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/9a85400e1140ca7b00239c54165623f1.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=uaMH%7E0t79jYWk1ro4Iamtc2BHG7gNzpvvYClfpJKWIM5Qrcof8orCTY7jyL6DlGUj6PVvQY7o53PXKONRYFm7ZCT3t8be1AW2YR0Bt2yYKl6OcGMFOUS36Q0Q5ZPM7E9h55TtVcYy-QTvKmHbjZ40PU%7EtNMBanQqTcllcbvy6AUI2j%7E75XhIe%7EP1BH-hcE-t3xjqRWMqoCE19qAVKVYaaRj78b8vahLBo-p7uxjwNTB2fxAs9hlsuazubJg-L78kAfq52lcuAglX2BxBesSac1jP-AghaTOPmdULTqFgm1NbnYVQPyNdcuGcAJ1G6bHYaBecNCqcxE1Fk-HlVQsT7Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1883f8aafa9fac55fc745488809e616a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il sistema rappresentativo e l'ideale [The Representative System and the Ideal]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1945. Description An account of the resource While published in Newark, this work was printed in France at the "Imprimerie Commerciale de la Tribune Républicaine, Saint-Étienne". For a fuller bio of Max Sartin, see the description in La guerra che viene. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Max Sartin [Raffaele Schiavina] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bib. de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 16.5 x 12cm; 48 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1941-1950 anarchist Durante L'Adunata dei Refrattari Max Sartin (Raffaele Schiavina) Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/dd57617927847aaa1c216f93ed1ddc89.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=snHwFHuwm9vlmEJg-dcaVJTYw9hf%7Es6eRqt97rbC2jbSgSv2%7EvULtnovFiS4fJCrnO8RD-F1QjWsJEgUGJqVWWM%7Er%7Elg%7EVbSS1-Nt9Q%7Efv%7EF7ifdBU5QOwlysqgvgMeBEDDewxDbZAHuM5b3Qoqkpx0mUkHA12xN7ORck3thF33KF-%7Eh-nukXZJveXEAXKLbN7Da54qz5mJTGx6QGM8Pv-HiZGwAKKMNdhqaXTYs6znpHwdriVdZRuKPh9woEto1iUCHr9GDeASgKmMcluT1acwxxvFyn15PcSTH3ihY%7EQx%7EnEOT0chdqDg5V0mGBW-Cv%7E7nwCmYCXITDWO42ErsuA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4f10f9a82906589c3cb79780264dc3fc https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/f6e39efdfa3f496add1f4547364297b9.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=q8jSqrJOK3JmyrR7W3O4lll%7ECgufoqEiyndKRqFQdEnOX9WinMxPQBnEh8STxd8BRrvGhyV7gNkB5EcRNshPEwHk5SVswltGp81LtbyTuMr7aan0%7ET4zcDYncPqPa2NPoEXPKDYAPXDhpXpcZ8G5YaOA0oMQazzVn04fLMrtGVNzH2LKxho2%7ElBspa-aDZJRVp7nIJoyLHfG-19DxuBNMWpWMKUeZkfXaYIkNqtWL%7Eac-tdwUsQQ%7ET5wkRAQ7QMfPr7kDLSSDxfkyhtpzwc2RIN4v6uUmPezqwXNv%7E1ZjqSN8fYO9TTsquvEUFY%7EHrp5Vlp5LsDTnf%7EY9sbWDZFHdw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 16cfe60913fd49d1c37b4a816c333a7c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La guerra che viene [The War that is Coming]. Newark: Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1939. Description An account of the resource Deported to Italy from the U.S. with Galleani, Max Sartin, whose real name was Rafaelle Schiavina (b. San Carlo (Ferrara), Italy, April 8, 1894 – d. New York, 1987) returned illegaly to the U.S. in 1928, editing L'Adunata dei Refrattari until its demise in 1971. Conceived as the heir to the Cronaca Sovversiva post-Galleani, on April 15, 1922 L’Adunata dei Refrattari (The Gathering of the Unwilling) was initiated as a fortnightly. Directed by Costantino Zonchello and then, briefly, Ilario Margarita, its purpose was to support Sacco and Vanzetti and to serve as an antifascist bulwark. The Collection has a few (but later) issues of L’Adunata dei Refrattari. Upon his return from Paris in 1928, Schiavina became its editor, first using the pseudonym “Max Sartin.” To review his travels in the U.S.: Schiavina had earned a diploma as an accountant, which was useful to him in obtaining his first employment in America, where he emigrated in 1913, settling in Brockton, Massachusetts. Initially an adherent of socialism, he was influenced by reading Kropotkin’s Memorie (Memoirs), and in 1914 he began to frequent anarchist circles. He subscribed to the Cronaca Sovversiva and became acquainted with Galleani. In 1916, the latter committed the administration of his newspaper to Schiavina, together with Carlo Valdinoci. Schiavina established himself in Lynn, Massachusetts, and began to write articles and give lectures. On September 25, 1916, he experienced his first arrest, with Mario Buda and Federico Cari, for an antiwar demonstration in Boston, and was subsequently released. In 1917, on the occasion of the arrest of Galleani, he hid the list of subscribers to the newspaper. In that same year, soon after delivering an antiwar speech in New York, he was also arrested. After being released again, he was able to return to work on the newspaper. He never abandoned the newspaper, even when the main part of Galleani’s group became expatriates in Mexico to avoid conscription to fight in World War I. Sartin was suspected of being involved in the plot to dynamite Youngstown. After his arrest and that of Ella Antolini in Chicago in January 1918, Schiavina was put on trial and was condemned to a year of hard labor for failing to appear for the draft. He served his sentence in the prison of East Cambridge, after which on June 24, 1919, he was sent to Ellis Island to be deported to Italy, together with Galleani and seven other anarchists. In 1920, along with Galleani, he brought the Cronaca Sovversiva back to life in Turin, succeeding also in circulating the newspaper clandestinely in the United States, but in October of that year, the Italian police authorities definitively suppressed the newspaper. With the advent of fascism, Schiavina decided to expatriate. In March 1923, after having passed through Ferrara to see his mother and sister for the last time, he left for Paris, where he established contacts with Italians in political exile. He created the newspapers La Difesa per Sacco e Vanzetti (The Defense of Sacco and Vanzetti, 1923) and Il Mondo (The World, 1925–28) and published the volume Sacco e Vanzetti: Cause e fini di un delitto di stato [Sacco and Vanzetti: Causes and Goals of a State Crime], 1927. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Max Sartin [Raffaele Schiavina] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bib. de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 12cm; 40 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anarchist Durante L'Adunata dei Refrattari Max Sartin (Raffaele Schiavina) Newark newspaper press pamphlet https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/32832e5f8d5ea991126940a954894289.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=JmfrBoNLkgeTsCy6itYFLHmqlyH2ObL-HbDNB8gLgGcHopQ12XXh8i6QzdMdUH34Jk3Hn8QSEuRoMmcLgmWnX5d1DFWAMEk83suSZ18qQaNm-cU9h06NF0aNYA-GRqgySpugXSzLk%7E85TfKGBCb0Qlo85wkB9B0PR09%7EHKPZonMqSK8cfluaibczafBzbWUHEbyqvBPIBWzuTvwAovHyaF1Obgr6qqKymyzWhUGsnoC1qOiboLbiTJlssrU8GnIqbH9ddQiQ7%7EqLr0iSMo0QOpQx-wETtCUw%7EJfci3TX4awdpx4-urokAJilEXsqik8DN1bYaGx2vgwWdaVTSMjUXA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM eaa7a89b74db6b68ad245342ef6380ed https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/25c69c74fe1c033883432f7febaf58ba.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=fBCtkp%7EN6v7dJ3TcozMCXueugXCslWrtDfzjcUA6QJcmRwjY1T-oObBQEONNOinfiPwPbqFoBFM0-0YLRl-G7GF26Vvn9pJiytK3Gh7k%7ENd99rP17mV5j20ozNLTEoIvqoIQd0RmbuoYmm5MeMdOoiqn5KJzVscj09Ebhvrf5dQ71NsgQe6z9S5-zw11V3UxtxOcdd%7EHZ4XwO-2FTYsxifhDWWyMGDVnX%7EQGKXa03I06hqiNAYK12eItzrSd8qVW3HC6%7EmlShP-UyT3Bvchhp6iifC-suhGSWH82tyyobtDqjtqZdFgB6ZrnYlrqYnKhDrMRgIwEXqrN-hA-ieWRzA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1f97a3b616fe358dac9832f7fefaeae8 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/f30c1ff4d44aecd9f336a71024f465a7.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=N1pmSv4dgb5TFmf1oszDxN8EwvFbl9-UnfS2sCzTRT0iwEKSsv6wO-%7ExEhoYOeLf6XEjcEuT40Mj%7E4HeXxeHuvQVX-UqAGGoPcCKD0JiAHlFMhBtk0fAYaHBjf0KIAltifNRHV%7Ez4e4kEmkkCq1CWCWudQ24hLuV8fxiMXF0MCVLBoAxN6vVCG-fE2Gto4K%7EzC11BlNjX9HieNW7-u%7E-wvD4i%7ENT9byH8OYSgwDvkk2Qj50vii4GhjeeHf7QrVy834YiiXzmgFkBnu92VrL3uZq2LD2ajmM91UhuPrLi0LguAuWvcxcSiC7B8Aw6W3TxfkS7ln1DovjQOFKypB9IHg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b1e9a1caa9ea6403fca5449ee8d1fceb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Histories, philosophy, biographies, directories, bibliographies, almanacs, catalogues, annuals, religious, educational, and travel literature Subject The topic of the resource These largely non-political works reflect a broad pallette of non-fiction reflections on the history of Italians in the U.S., travel literature, biographies (like that of the Peanut King, Obici), or the religious, like Sister, later Mother, and final Saint Cabrini. Description An account of the resource In these non-fiction works, Italians reflected upon themselves and their American experiences. Representing the non-sovversivi type of immigrant, who were more interested in becoming American and “making it” in America than in stoking class warfare and remaking society, They began to place themselves in the context of contemporary American society and the history in America. The release in 1921 of Alfredo Bosi’s Cinquant’anni di vita italiana in America, the first history of Italians in the United States, represented a watershed - the first 50 years of Italians in America - and allegedly arose from a conversation between journalist Bosi and King Vittorio Emanuele of Italy in 1901, in which the king expressed curiosity about the Italian colony in America. Luigi Roversi’s biography of Palma di Cesnola proudly places that Italian within the august homes of white Anglo-Saxon Protestant America, into which di Cesnola had married, and where he ruled as the first director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. More than the first half of Flamma’s “biography” of the greatest mayor New York City had ever seen, Fiorello LaGuardia, has little to do with La Guardia, unfortunately, but the work did reflect his obvious pride that after electing mayors in 29 other cities, Italians “finally” elected (in 1933) a mayor of Italian heritage to the country’s most important city. The directories discussed here, from New York to San Francisco, provide a particularly rich source of information about the different businesses and professions Italians had in virtually every state of the union, from as early as the 1880s (in San Francisco) to the first few decades of the 20th Century (primarily in New York). Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource America! America!: atti e memorie del popolo [America! America! Acts and Memoirs of the People]. Casalvelino Scalo [Salerno]: Ed. Giuseppe Galzerano, 1979 [1981]. Description An account of the resource Antonio Margariti (b. Ferruzzano, Reggio Calabria, Italy, 1891 – d. Willow Grove, Pennsylvania, 1981) published these memoirs in 1979 at age 87. This "savage and touching" book (Durante) awakened a vast interest, so much so as to be a finalist for the Viareggio Literary Prize. The education of the poor Calabrian immigrant took place entirely in America through his frequenting of anarchist circles; Margariti committed himself, among other things, to the circulation of L'Adunata dei Refrattari and of Il Martello, as well as to committees for Sacco and Vanzetti and to antifascist initiatives. For Margariti and many other immigrants, the anarchist circle represented therefore a social occasion that, for the first time, allowed them to attend theatrical events, concerts, picnics, and dances. It also offered educational opportunities, a school for critical thinking (often a real school, with teachers, courses, and classes). Here one could better define and give historical breadth to those spontaneous and rebellious inclinations that the helpless confrontation with priests, bosses, and all sorts of profiteers had nurtured for a long time. Workers from all over the country became galleanisti (followers of Galleani), even if this did not mean that they were strict observers of the famous leader’s doctrine. These memoirs, written in Calabrian dialect by the unlettered Margariti, were translated into Italian by the publisher. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Antonio Margariti Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Ed. Giuseppe Galzerano Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 [1981] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 19.5 x 14cm; 136 p. Language A language of the resource Italian anarchist anti-fascist Calabria dialect Il Martello L'Adunata dei Refrattari memoir Salerno https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/68f638580e11abf5e2b010adab38692a.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=id%7EJ2nd9ABpoGsyQ7lo6TVbsLZjDw3JLXWdGzXEpEteU1TdF5VEQyhbxgNw6nteAp9JqMOB3Vf0pD7hV2fRB8i-cZBj4SeVfbFuvedUm15Dr6o1fBOpLgtMkDch04QK%7E5LzURmdPNaym48T3iZWEZwOVFlfhJYlRliNbebX03b037tCOPLIR3w60TYguVMxKaOTr5PXn9IfoQSWXSTV5fMDPptRduOx27iIeow5MCS0a1DcXu1boVr8r%7EVCp5l%7EWWMnloV5vVaUmj0jo3BBN0KVu1SJ5ggKfngBCmuZOYkh5ua-k%7EQz-TFiPxsDufdvZMzZu9yLDdpmYpgzqR2zwQA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 40368b369377f4ff6b2aa855e947f21b https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/227b27dce15f836710a269a2427ffd14.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=hq4o3Pw1dgZyfSZAUz75lP6L1fOLqSU49tEOAV4oMLarDhdVWhfQ5Ctnt5MLhqUn-yNMXjONNOexL7w%7ETFE%7EegilbhZ9TscKhyDrrnVPHs89mdFc3ajlxCfXwh7fwKriqfdAbnR-whDtdu-ZbO9NPcdqSFSN8ChowIS4Qc2pSOb6TTLQBVDMNbL4XAbNfBIwq0wFbbEQo18N6Ib1HJp-e-W68ZGtDCms4bdZ8385xodVyAq3o9rgd7vnjrmXboRV6amLf8unKsi1cfaIi6YbeX%7ES2ESQS5Nln5VzNB6LQDgSJ3%7Exq-OijW1ziZYcei4uG2Vl2K6aCUNa8IMX%7EwxKGg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 79c99d3ec2e55c1ce8264053ba3d4b7f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives I: The bibliographic travels of Luigi Galleani and Armando Borghi Subject The topic of the resource Consistent with their travels to speak with their "disciples" and the international nature of anarchism, these two leaders, Galleani and Borghi, also published in a wide variety of places in the U.S., Italy and elsewhere. Doing so was often a function of evading crackdowns on subversives by U.S. postal authorities, or in Borghi's case, avoiding being imprisoned and possibly killed in Italy during the Mussolini years, when publishers, printers and authors all lived in fear. Description An account of the resource Luigi Galleani Galleani was one of the anarchist movement’s most eloquent writers and spellbinding orators, heir to the great Errico Malatesta in Italy and elsewhere, a political agitator and charismatic anarchist leader, and a prolific political publisher. Mentor to Sacco and Vanzetti, the peripatetic Galleani was born in Italy, and lived in various venues in the U.S. from 1901 until he was deported back to Italy in 1919. He first settled in Paterson, New Jersey in 1901 to be the editor of the then-most important anarchist journal, La Questione Sociale. Then, after starting the newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva [Subversive Chronicle] in 1903, he moved to Lynn, Mass. (see his Madri d’Italia, under the pseudonym Mentana), until the postmaster in Lynn refused to mail Cronaca Sovversiva and his books, at which time he repaired to Barre, Vermont (see his Verso il comunismo, among other examples of publications from that venue). He was prosecuted for violating anti-leftist laws, especially the 1918 Anarchist Exclusion Act. This act, which permitted the government to shut down publication of the Cronaca Sovversiva in that year (and deport Galleani and other editors of the newspaper subsequently), had been passed by Congress largely in response to the bombings that Galleani incited his followers to undertake (see his Faccia a faccia col nemico) through his publications as well as his personal direction: he even published a manual on how to make bombs (“La salute è in voi!” [Your salvation is up to you!]). Galleani’s deportation in 1919 arose as much from his newspaper and pamphlet publications that were themselves regarded by the authorities as incitements to violence, as it did from his actual and attempted bombings. He and his followers of the individualist school of anarchism were wary of not only electoral politics but also of syndicalism, i.e., the use of trade unions to bring industry and government under the control by direct action, such as strikes and sabotage, the preferred methods of Carlo Tresca, among others. Because of these doctrinal differences, as well as Tresca’s immense personal charm and popularity, Galleani’s followers were even more determined to destroy the reputation and thus the effectiveness of Tresca, despite the anti-fascist views they shared in the 1920s and 1930s. Like his unlikely ally Armando Borghi, Galleani was internationally well known, so that even his deportation from the U.S. hardly put a stop to his influence. L’Adunata dei Refrattari (The Gathering of the Recalcitrants) became the successor newspaper to La Cronaca Sovversiva after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, begun and run by his followers in the U.S. after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, and edited by Raffaele Schiavina. Its publishing arm released many full-length works (typically, collections of shorter pieces) like those exhibited here, as well as pamphlets, sometimes without Galleani’s authorization, due to his being unreachable in exile on the island of Lipari. L’Adunata also published Galleani in Europe, e.g., in Rome as late as 1947, often using the same printer’s mark (a mermaid-like torchbearer) he used in the earliest of his works. The international character of the movement had long been clear: in one work, readers of an Italian-language edition of Organizzazione e anarchia, published in Paris (by L. Chauvet) sometime after 1925, are urged in a message in the inside rear cover to buy a copy of Galleani’s La fine dell’anarchismo?, published in the United States (Newark) in 1925. Armando Borghi Armando Borghi’s unflattering biography of Mussolini (Mussolini in camicia) was too dangerous to be released in Italy: after Mussolini’s rise to power in 1922, publishing a work criticizing Mussolini soon became impossible. Simply for speaking in the Italian Parliament in June 1924 against fraud (and violence) employed by Mussolini in the recent election, United Socialist Party chief Giacomo Matteotti was within days thereafter murdered by the fascists, a politically explosive development that became a rallying cry of anti-fascists for many years. In 1925, measures that gave the government powers to gag the press were passed. Emergency laws in 1926 suppressed every political party and every newspaper other than those of the fascists. It was in that context that anarcho-syndicalist Borghi arrived in the U.S. in or about November 1926, where he was joined by his lover, Virgilia D’Andrea (see her works in the collection). Shortly thereafter, in 1927 he published Mussolini in camicia in Italian in the only safe place to do so at the time, New York. This work became internationally popular, was translated into French and published in Paris (1932), in Amsterdam in Dutch (1933) - the collection has recently (in 2021) acquired a Dutch copy - , and then translated into English from the French edition, not the Italian original, and published in London (1935). Mussolini in camicia was again published to America, but in English, in 1938 using the same British translation, and was not published in Italy until 1947, not long after the war’s end and Mussolini’s execution. In Italy, Borghi ranked second only to the legendary Errico Malatesta as its most important anarchist, so that when he arrived in the U.S., Borghi expected to be the foremost Italian anarchist there (Galleani having been deported some years before). However, Carlo Tresca, director of Il Martello, who as a fellow “organization” anarchist might otherwise have been his natural ally, was in the way, and Borghi surprisingly thus aligned himself with the anti-organizational anarchist Galleanisti and their L’Adunata dei Refrattari, a move that he eventually came to regret. Like the Galleanisti, Borghi attacked Tresca not only on ideological grounds but also on personal ones. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Figure e figuri. Medaglioni [Characters and suspicious types. Sketches]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1930. Description An account of the resource The articles collected here were originally published in La Questione or Cronaca Sovversiva between 1901 and 1920. This is a collection of Galleani’s articles on various important movement characters, Italian and otherwise, published by the book-publishing arm of the newspaper begun by Raffaele Schiavina and other Galleanisti after Galleani was deported in 1919, and the similarly deported Schiavina (using the pseudonym Max Sartin) had returned to the U.S. illegally. The preface states that this volume was published during Galleani’s exile on the island of Lipari, and thus without his express consent. Galleani lived in confinement and isolation on Lipari from 1926 until shortly before his death in 1930 or 1931. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Luigi Galleani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 23 x 15cm; 232 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1921-1930 anarchist Durante L'Adunata dei Refrattari Luigi Galleani Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/607bafe0b1d2ea67388845235154e595.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=RdGvifB31FzsX%7EvZgLspkqzoTm6FHVgULejIcOVvmYITTMG0FWFlnWkK3aHexh7AanJVkRe9UTkhZr8bY9jOjlX1ZPBCTzV50lHcgRQ66SCFp%7EdV5n0YNfyVpYl5mEeC3YltyNTMKeL980XAlfpvamwEExYfxmHj5BStZnkAkCQIlX-nkRSRbktzRgdIsSwcexJGPfs8%7EPk4W-vUs6Ajqq%7EGxRJnVFcFGPc9D7FZXHqmBk1zEdDj%7Ejm6eeVg6Qov-T7DdAW7u8SlEVt3SakzMv7ORBfE%7EFsGG1AwCZzbnO-yi2J-r3yEj5zMDggcbZOL5J5wjCcFBkSnnebKkLg2Mg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a6ade0a037208fe6a406c2612fac9c6f https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/24546cb39e20b63934ace129696fe97f.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=pBU7DKc9yah0ANQZTChKa7IwjgPxOXvCxKxLbgNdFAyKuyC9V%7EZTPAfaJ99NgnsiXAEZo2ohJakNp7-Li4fuheAJ9UuPe3V3Pnsu1UrbLtt8sS4Nn8Vgu9izRxWzdbC60WKFMX7DH5wXKAhfgpTNoJl6EHQcCw%7E3-08cXXyir2j6DZbYu3Nz6FemJDitAQThoAbSICgqUpBXeTX6WZyj8sz2XAbQZy9M6jyWeplYE4K5Nr-kMbmUGKg0OfXKXC06G1SV-d7UcbhDQA9an1sg-0bfz8Iub6TLuCSE0pxmcz4EDrMVddNc2oUg8fm2Xv3JRgP-cZuAiwJQ9In15LG0BA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ce927cfaa8f6fdb288258450e9401592 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives I: The bibliographic travels of Luigi Galleani and Armando Borghi Subject The topic of the resource Consistent with their travels to speak with their "disciples" and the international nature of anarchism, these two leaders, Galleani and Borghi, also published in a wide variety of places in the U.S., Italy and elsewhere. Doing so was often a function of evading crackdowns on subversives by U.S. postal authorities, or in Borghi's case, avoiding being imprisoned and possibly killed in Italy during the Mussolini years, when publishers, printers and authors all lived in fear. Description An account of the resource Luigi Galleani Galleani was one of the anarchist movement’s most eloquent writers and spellbinding orators, heir to the great Errico Malatesta in Italy and elsewhere, a political agitator and charismatic anarchist leader, and a prolific political publisher. Mentor to Sacco and Vanzetti, the peripatetic Galleani was born in Italy, and lived in various venues in the U.S. from 1901 until he was deported back to Italy in 1919. He first settled in Paterson, New Jersey in 1901 to be the editor of the then-most important anarchist journal, La Questione Sociale. Then, after starting the newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva [Subversive Chronicle] in 1903, he moved to Lynn, Mass. (see his Madri d’Italia, under the pseudonym Mentana), until the postmaster in Lynn refused to mail Cronaca Sovversiva and his books, at which time he repaired to Barre, Vermont (see his Verso il comunismo, among other examples of publications from that venue). He was prosecuted for violating anti-leftist laws, especially the 1918 Anarchist Exclusion Act. This act, which permitted the government to shut down publication of the Cronaca Sovversiva in that year (and deport Galleani and other editors of the newspaper subsequently), had been passed by Congress largely in response to the bombings that Galleani incited his followers to undertake (see his Faccia a faccia col nemico) through his publications as well as his personal direction: he even published a manual on how to make bombs (“La salute è in voi!” [Your salvation is up to you!]). Galleani’s deportation in 1919 arose as much from his newspaper and pamphlet publications that were themselves regarded by the authorities as incitements to violence, as it did from his actual and attempted bombings. He and his followers of the individualist school of anarchism were wary of not only electoral politics but also of syndicalism, i.e., the use of trade unions to bring industry and government under the control by direct action, such as strikes and sabotage, the preferred methods of Carlo Tresca, among others. Because of these doctrinal differences, as well as Tresca’s immense personal charm and popularity, Galleani’s followers were even more determined to destroy the reputation and thus the effectiveness of Tresca, despite the anti-fascist views they shared in the 1920s and 1930s. Like his unlikely ally Armando Borghi, Galleani was internationally well known, so that even his deportation from the U.S. hardly put a stop to his influence. L’Adunata dei Refrattari (The Gathering of the Recalcitrants) became the successor newspaper to La Cronaca Sovversiva after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, begun and run by his followers in the U.S. after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, and edited by Raffaele Schiavina. Its publishing arm released many full-length works (typically, collections of shorter pieces) like those exhibited here, as well as pamphlets, sometimes without Galleani’s authorization, due to his being unreachable in exile on the island of Lipari. L’Adunata also published Galleani in Europe, e.g., in Rome as late as 1947, often using the same printer’s mark (a mermaid-like torchbearer) he used in the earliest of his works. The international character of the movement had long been clear: in one work, readers of an Italian-language edition of Organizzazione e anarchia, published in Paris (by L. Chauvet) sometime after 1925, are urged in a message in the inside rear cover to buy a copy of Galleani’s La fine dell’anarchismo?, published in the United States (Newark) in 1925. Armando Borghi Armando Borghi’s unflattering biography of Mussolini (Mussolini in camicia) was too dangerous to be released in Italy: after Mussolini’s rise to power in 1922, publishing a work criticizing Mussolini soon became impossible. Simply for speaking in the Italian Parliament in June 1924 against fraud (and violence) employed by Mussolini in the recent election, United Socialist Party chief Giacomo Matteotti was within days thereafter murdered by the fascists, a politically explosive development that became a rallying cry of anti-fascists for many years. In 1925, measures that gave the government powers to gag the press were passed. Emergency laws in 1926 suppressed every political party and every newspaper other than those of the fascists. It was in that context that anarcho-syndicalist Borghi arrived in the U.S. in or about November 1926, where he was joined by his lover, Virgilia D’Andrea (see her works in the collection). Shortly thereafter, in 1927 he published Mussolini in camicia in Italian in the only safe place to do so at the time, New York. This work became internationally popular, was translated into French and published in Paris (1932), in Amsterdam in Dutch (1933) - the collection has recently (in 2021) acquired a Dutch copy - , and then translated into English from the French edition, not the Italian original, and published in London (1935). Mussolini in camicia was again published to America, but in English, in 1938 using the same British translation, and was not published in Italy until 1947, not long after the war’s end and Mussolini’s execution. In Italy, Borghi ranked second only to the legendary Errico Malatesta as its most important anarchist, so that when he arrived in the U.S., Borghi expected to be the foremost Italian anarchist there (Galleani having been deported some years before). However, Carlo Tresca, director of Il Martello, who as a fellow “organization” anarchist might otherwise have been his natural ally, was in the way, and Borghi surprisingly thus aligned himself with the anti-organizational anarchist Galleanisti and their L’Adunata dei Refrattari, a move that he eventually came to regret. Like the Galleanisti, Borghi attacked Tresca not only on ideological grounds but also on personal ones. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aneliti e singulti. Medaglioni [Yearnings and Sobs. Sketches]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1935. Description An account of the resource This work was published in Newark by the Adunata dei Refrattari, the successor to the Cronaca Sovversiva led by Raffaele Schiavina (Max Sartin) after his sub rosa return to America some time after his deportation in 1919. However, this work was actually printed in Italy (Industria Grafica Speroni, Milano). I have not observed this practice in any of the other works published by the Adunata, but it was not at all unusual for such Italian works published by other U.S. publishers in this period to be printed in Italy. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Luigi Galleani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 22 x 15.5cm; 363 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anarchist Durante L'Adunata dei Refrattari Luigi Galleani Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/f5429aa28f7bc673ee7c8d227db91cb6.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=TT0XuT-l1MoTCfR-h5nJqDpeXcjuwZsIPUc3cRtfvtxxV-PbKvoZWIvdHv-WLcVCVfdhLTpW3z9iW7oos-4qxBankaG3oaSgUxA8JeyibtLxGGaBaJoOx0GIMNrhtelzYOXErb-QJQA7y-N1MKicFTgVxxnvOjlm6u2MY%7E2e6gaVxVILfjRVDhI3LllRloZ-dqRPl-8dLTPAbdPNcwigpW4zVOkOpzj%7ErEHDobXRkvo3tBqqmDndSNlgNtqX7arAGRtkml69-fkwegiMGhV9Q51UFPiUzJVc6C3n2ydrfoTgBWM8Y-fDxK2W1L3lyv7a79Pw93336LiVavqyYcgAaw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e65befe568f8b3a9009886ee8f4f36f4 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/4b195bea60f37ced24cfe784280601be.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=FW6fhLB5NcFaTID8I0DBEQtMwF9aiEqH2D8wl9Tq9sgaFJMfdMlYk5NI4TvjhcbKCA5h847rfR8yidSjLead5EygWcjvlM2xCPKp0JYVrMJMF3TBAQyYdBuzFfv1FDqsCCTA1XtAvqAeQTyr1XV0Y2sv9qWZenLg7hy1KSueI06b3xR9KlpWkuRezHL38XGu5Hn%7E8kRf1m1itToNrSAgGrphNPtOx5uMThToj%7EUGHWWRJQ651Mk%7EUw1WoCK0zAJp6%7E9e2RtEm4pHmaR-m6TxUTaU9fzP0mxjtRGrCAZmNbdHH-%7Ejc4a54EgbW221dBcbsNVwlfZQPaGA8FM-oN9qVA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bc0ee5ef58219f7fe00cb170a37796e9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives I: The bibliographic travels of Luigi Galleani and Armando Borghi Subject The topic of the resource Consistent with their travels to speak with their "disciples" and the international nature of anarchism, these two leaders, Galleani and Borghi, also published in a wide variety of places in the U.S., Italy and elsewhere. Doing so was often a function of evading crackdowns on subversives by U.S. postal authorities, or in Borghi's case, avoiding being imprisoned and possibly killed in Italy during the Mussolini years, when publishers, printers and authors all lived in fear. Description An account of the resource Luigi Galleani Galleani was one of the anarchist movement’s most eloquent writers and spellbinding orators, heir to the great Errico Malatesta in Italy and elsewhere, a political agitator and charismatic anarchist leader, and a prolific political publisher. Mentor to Sacco and Vanzetti, the peripatetic Galleani was born in Italy, and lived in various venues in the U.S. from 1901 until he was deported back to Italy in 1919. He first settled in Paterson, New Jersey in 1901 to be the editor of the then-most important anarchist journal, La Questione Sociale. Then, after starting the newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva [Subversive Chronicle] in 1903, he moved to Lynn, Mass. (see his Madri d’Italia, under the pseudonym Mentana), until the postmaster in Lynn refused to mail Cronaca Sovversiva and his books, at which time he repaired to Barre, Vermont (see his Verso il comunismo, among other examples of publications from that venue). He was prosecuted for violating anti-leftist laws, especially the 1918 Anarchist Exclusion Act. This act, which permitted the government to shut down publication of the Cronaca Sovversiva in that year (and deport Galleani and other editors of the newspaper subsequently), had been passed by Congress largely in response to the bombings that Galleani incited his followers to undertake (see his Faccia a faccia col nemico) through his publications as well as his personal direction: he even published a manual on how to make bombs (“La salute è in voi!” [Your salvation is up to you!]). Galleani’s deportation in 1919 arose as much from his newspaper and pamphlet publications that were themselves regarded by the authorities as incitements to violence, as it did from his actual and attempted bombings. He and his followers of the individualist school of anarchism were wary of not only electoral politics but also of syndicalism, i.e., the use of trade unions to bring industry and government under the control by direct action, such as strikes and sabotage, the preferred methods of Carlo Tresca, among others. Because of these doctrinal differences, as well as Tresca’s immense personal charm and popularity, Galleani’s followers were even more determined to destroy the reputation and thus the effectiveness of Tresca, despite the anti-fascist views they shared in the 1920s and 1930s. Like his unlikely ally Armando Borghi, Galleani was internationally well known, so that even his deportation from the U.S. hardly put a stop to his influence. L’Adunata dei Refrattari (The Gathering of the Recalcitrants) became the successor newspaper to La Cronaca Sovversiva after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, begun and run by his followers in the U.S. after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, and edited by Raffaele Schiavina. Its publishing arm released many full-length works (typically, collections of shorter pieces) like those exhibited here, as well as pamphlets, sometimes without Galleani’s authorization, due to his being unreachable in exile on the island of Lipari. L’Adunata also published Galleani in Europe, e.g., in Rome as late as 1947, often using the same printer’s mark (a mermaid-like torchbearer) he used in the earliest of his works. The international character of the movement had long been clear: in one work, readers of an Italian-language edition of Organizzazione e anarchia, published in Paris (by L. Chauvet) sometime after 1925, are urged in a message in the inside rear cover to buy a copy of Galleani’s La fine dell’anarchismo?, published in the United States (Newark) in 1925. Armando Borghi Armando Borghi’s unflattering biography of Mussolini (Mussolini in camicia) was too dangerous to be released in Italy: after Mussolini’s rise to power in 1922, publishing a work criticizing Mussolini soon became impossible. Simply for speaking in the Italian Parliament in June 1924 against fraud (and violence) employed by Mussolini in the recent election, United Socialist Party chief Giacomo Matteotti was within days thereafter murdered by the fascists, a politically explosive development that became a rallying cry of anti-fascists for many years. In 1925, measures that gave the government powers to gag the press were passed. Emergency laws in 1926 suppressed every political party and every newspaper other than those of the fascists. It was in that context that anarcho-syndicalist Borghi arrived in the U.S. in or about November 1926, where he was joined by his lover, Virgilia D’Andrea (see her works in the collection). Shortly thereafter, in 1927 he published Mussolini in camicia in Italian in the only safe place to do so at the time, New York. This work became internationally popular, was translated into French and published in Paris (1932), in Amsterdam in Dutch (1933) - the collection has recently (in 2021) acquired a Dutch copy - , and then translated into English from the French edition, not the Italian original, and published in London (1935). Mussolini in camicia was again published to America, but in English, in 1938 using the same British translation, and was not published in Italy until 1947, not long after the war’s end and Mussolini’s execution. In Italy, Borghi ranked second only to the legendary Errico Malatesta as its most important anarchist, so that when he arrived in the U.S., Borghi expected to be the foremost Italian anarchist there (Galleani having been deported some years before). However, Carlo Tresca, director of Il Martello, who as a fellow “organization” anarchist might otherwise have been his natural ally, was in the way, and Borghi surprisingly thus aligned himself with the anti-organizational anarchist Galleanisti and their L’Adunata dei Refrattari, a move that he eventually came to regret. Like the Galleanisti, Borghi attacked Tresca not only on ideological grounds but also on personal ones. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contro la guerra, contro la pace, per la rivoluzione sociale [Against War, Against Peace, for the Social Revolution]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, [c. 1930] Description An account of the resource This work contains two essays of Galleani's, Per la guerra, per la neutralita o per la pace? (pp. 5-60) and Contro la guerra, contro la pace, per la rivoluzione! (lacking the word "sociale" at the end)(pp. 61-74), the first appearing to be the same but the second not, from the versions published in Una battaglia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Luigi Galleani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [c. 1930] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 22 x 15.5cm; 74 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1921-1930 anarchist Durante L'Adunata dei Refrattari Luigi Galleani Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/e485b6cb544a2e4618670b7b51d51ad5.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=ilCvGEinFIf4jdTl2MFdfqi4JcwpEMb6hHGXQe7zSCdQu4-9ODGZDvT3Sguvq1Jd-cG0IAslhWsf7eO5Yax4Il5nMEg3amTSFkFpoOC51qjcZ7wK6sr7WsQnfLT2EWB1AICRFJJpPs9FVV4vi0yRn76eP3Ei2ASI3Yv4oBmytbx2zX18Zlsegj26W2Nb3yjgAqrnPCuP-sAwIUaKyha3oLjw5b-hZkh8LZTO0LLq%7EWChoUhM-eNpKRitJRTlkyhnhkSJYchpl6zogvPIXOUS1VbaraqhTc7lLUnd80b3ubrpeUUS4wuC%7E63g%7EMZaoSX6sZO997DvWGrKSyFhwpq27Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0dec21ce9949b14879175e54c32683a8 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/396c5d9d67b4b5245efe5d3fe8568dd7.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=idA1YNSWa9SWy3FPiUEqn6iIKu6cN6CLs-Jnc1Cv4UESR5PFl1nGa1F-byocyqedbCKqwIfo11ubnAZ84d7%7EtcIX2NsqmFcOoFUZlmUD-dc6n3MSj1hy6rRHpvu6xOpgReCqNOVB63TczYE8J6%7EDMUGWGE8cPM-S1cEKIVA-UN%7EhxRPdY5qoLGZpMIW-jPq3V7uSYKgPdfUEH1T27iqAuNrsmJSYvb9uBZmVaVLpEL1oHQIkcuxnpl0%7ETAbxjQm7gp%7EzrmRmObmJxGJUiPKKQLq5R2GfaZnUm5njTpT4T-XFbayxqUlv-y8HMo10oWRU3oRv4cvYN3fCRqdNe8JrhQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 794a67d03799ef13e339fd448c24c9c3 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/e303339ca65552bdfaa377d053de3595.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=NmHCgAHk%7ETVVlF1jgHjLDMMZ45%7E1sN3hbweOcknUOsAU%7EWAMHu-7yItBQfwaaHx00CeTl72CQBnH8HxMYyBOE-dyOj6EjQTGZO40fhvoZXavNXwxv8Cd2MZQYxY8EIzOzMfV7ajnQ3X6DxcJa2E39Yx3AND86vVfLJg526NrLGDTDUL33VC0g1YyFL9lRZO27XIVxLeGWhDZjjrSEc9NTdWqgS3%7E%7Ek2aNdGZNmL6SPlVHe%7Ek0u4QiZoSqBizbRWUG5Wah-IbAtWYxVYxkHL4%7EacpLB08OqHh%7EvC9gA2fyVWUfDVXn9Vqx0SXi1y1fvXlUlIgnDN-UZvZIoYmhplUsg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 57e5b1836a965452ed0894d71531ab65 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives I: The bibliographic travels of Luigi Galleani and Armando Borghi Subject The topic of the resource Consistent with their travels to speak with their "disciples" and the international nature of anarchism, these two leaders, Galleani and Borghi, also published in a wide variety of places in the U.S., Italy and elsewhere. Doing so was often a function of evading crackdowns on subversives by U.S. postal authorities, or in Borghi's case, avoiding being imprisoned and possibly killed in Italy during the Mussolini years, when publishers, printers and authors all lived in fear. Description An account of the resource Luigi Galleani Galleani was one of the anarchist movement’s most eloquent writers and spellbinding orators, heir to the great Errico Malatesta in Italy and elsewhere, a political agitator and charismatic anarchist leader, and a prolific political publisher. Mentor to Sacco and Vanzetti, the peripatetic Galleani was born in Italy, and lived in various venues in the U.S. from 1901 until he was deported back to Italy in 1919. He first settled in Paterson, New Jersey in 1901 to be the editor of the then-most important anarchist journal, La Questione Sociale. Then, after starting the newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva [Subversive Chronicle] in 1903, he moved to Lynn, Mass. (see his Madri d’Italia, under the pseudonym Mentana), until the postmaster in Lynn refused to mail Cronaca Sovversiva and his books, at which time he repaired to Barre, Vermont (see his Verso il comunismo, among other examples of publications from that venue). He was prosecuted for violating anti-leftist laws, especially the 1918 Anarchist Exclusion Act. This act, which permitted the government to shut down publication of the Cronaca Sovversiva in that year (and deport Galleani and other editors of the newspaper subsequently), had been passed by Congress largely in response to the bombings that Galleani incited his followers to undertake (see his Faccia a faccia col nemico) through his publications as well as his personal direction: he even published a manual on how to make bombs (“La salute è in voi!” [Your salvation is up to you!]). Galleani’s deportation in 1919 arose as much from his newspaper and pamphlet publications that were themselves regarded by the authorities as incitements to violence, as it did from his actual and attempted bombings. He and his followers of the individualist school of anarchism were wary of not only electoral politics but also of syndicalism, i.e., the use of trade unions to bring industry and government under the control by direct action, such as strikes and sabotage, the preferred methods of Carlo Tresca, among others. Because of these doctrinal differences, as well as Tresca’s immense personal charm and popularity, Galleani’s followers were even more determined to destroy the reputation and thus the effectiveness of Tresca, despite the anti-fascist views they shared in the 1920s and 1930s. Like his unlikely ally Armando Borghi, Galleani was internationally well known, so that even his deportation from the U.S. hardly put a stop to his influence. L’Adunata dei Refrattari (The Gathering of the Recalcitrants) became the successor newspaper to La Cronaca Sovversiva after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, begun and run by his followers in the U.S. after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, and edited by Raffaele Schiavina. Its publishing arm released many full-length works (typically, collections of shorter pieces) like those exhibited here, as well as pamphlets, sometimes without Galleani’s authorization, due to his being unreachable in exile on the island of Lipari. L’Adunata also published Galleani in Europe, e.g., in Rome as late as 1947, often using the same printer’s mark (a mermaid-like torchbearer) he used in the earliest of his works. The international character of the movement had long been clear: in one work, readers of an Italian-language edition of Organizzazione e anarchia, published in Paris (by L. Chauvet) sometime after 1925, are urged in a message in the inside rear cover to buy a copy of Galleani’s La fine dell’anarchismo?, published in the United States (Newark) in 1925. Armando Borghi Armando Borghi’s unflattering biography of Mussolini (Mussolini in camicia) was too dangerous to be released in Italy: after Mussolini’s rise to power in 1922, publishing a work criticizing Mussolini soon became impossible. Simply for speaking in the Italian Parliament in June 1924 against fraud (and violence) employed by Mussolini in the recent election, United Socialist Party chief Giacomo Matteotti was within days thereafter murdered by the fascists, a politically explosive development that became a rallying cry of anti-fascists for many years. In 1925, measures that gave the government powers to gag the press were passed. Emergency laws in 1926 suppressed every political party and every newspaper other than those of the fascists. It was in that context that anarcho-syndicalist Borghi arrived in the U.S. in or about November 1926, where he was joined by his lover, Virgilia D’Andrea (see her works in the collection). Shortly thereafter, in 1927 he published Mussolini in camicia in Italian in the only safe place to do so at the time, New York. This work became internationally popular, was translated into French and published in Paris (1932), in Amsterdam in Dutch (1933) - the collection has recently (in 2021) acquired a Dutch copy - , and then translated into English from the French edition, not the Italian original, and published in London (1935). Mussolini in camicia was again published to America, but in English, in 1938 using the same British translation, and was not published in Italy until 1947, not long after the war’s end and Mussolini’s execution. In Italy, Borghi ranked second only to the legendary Errico Malatesta as its most important anarchist, so that when he arrived in the U.S., Borghi expected to be the foremost Italian anarchist there (Galleani having been deported some years before). However, Carlo Tresca, director of Il Martello, who as a fellow “organization” anarchist might otherwise have been his natural ally, was in the way, and Borghi surprisingly thus aligned himself with the anti-organizational anarchist Galleanisti and their L’Adunata dei Refrattari, a move that he eventually came to regret. Like the Galleanisti, Borghi attacked Tresca not only on ideological grounds but also on personal ones. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Una battaglia [A Struggle]. Roma: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1947. Description An account of the resource The first 65 pages of this work reprint and expand upon an earlier Galleani work, also in the Collection, Contro la guerra – contro la pace – per la rivoluzione sociale. In addition to the original essay, the work includes over fifty articles written from the beginning to the end of World War I. Published in Italy by the American anarchist newspaper that was the reincarnation of the old Cronaca Sovversiva, L’Adunata dei Refrattari in the post-war period, Una battaglia was collected and designed to enable Italians in the homeland to gain a sense of what their co-nationals living in America were experiencing. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Luigi Galleani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 20.5 x 15.5cm; 378 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1941-1950 anarchist Durante L'Adunata dei Refrattari Luigi Galleani newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/f5af8c699dbe037ce421ba67e0876105.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=c6foE7mDGIWmq3dslpSa7tmsM7YZrDmHXyG%7ENW2ZL1jfrUt-V-AYQ3vzHUkovD-liYl18zvdDvVzfSYGLZdpTI2SxlLouqJL7-fkoPpBXC3oMtymw9M5%7Ee8k7JagjBy9g1ryKwz7oee5TAD%7E0N7nt7mR6XZe7dTItGlYPm5uUWUE3wK6vLNLCZCIqj7qVuXhfNH81u92WpPtX5SmmSPAskjqA9BuTw89pu07ko912dGBFwuqUr0CLIMtgyj-Mikx6eTdVk2VNwXmUu0XjJeHPMIvm9MYspEFZ58LkJvB4kenGFnZWi4IUyrC8CNH2HNbYguslD8QeGGqvQwqXMuyGw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 280e18f84b53f42dede2b37b9ad6817d https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/bd37152333d54b1cf562b3582f40e246.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=DnofMUG%7E9mx1Vx%7EPBh6Xl0mmXyye4zl5UHmdg46Tw4Shpjf9XUk6mFp83v-%7EVf-XTave4jEdXFuyC7uKz4v2evygxC-8hsj1-VfuyW1%7EouvW0J0ZMQwhF-ZNufIApEelVCsjc4%7EFuwNTK3cVHyI3zl0FwnbW0BFKMfpp4ZIn9voj6ROo%7ECki1OyrlYWd8giX57KrwcEnL4KUpD9Qax-1rBmvOL%7EqA6huRw8n836XUtWI-fQ8i4SUn0YE4eX701YbLrF722kNksz0HXLk5xd86VMfmsvzXPVmsJw0aFWfCbkcucRZfhCgmE-%7EerZhAFkG6at6pIORE9fJbxRqcRVkEg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ac70aa2a2db7c37659d93a77c2054a8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Del delitto e delle pene nella società di domani [Of Crime and Punishment in the Society of Tomorrow]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, [1930]. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gigi Damiani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1930] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 12.5cm; 48 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource For a brief bio of Damiani, see entry for his La bottega. After the deaths of Galleani and Malatesta, the fascist regime considered Damiani, always on the move although never in the U.S., as the leader of Italian anarchism. 1921-1930 anarchist Gigi Damiani L'Adunata dei Refrattari lecture Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/0e0f4e39cdfe770db42d137322209766.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=OirxI8jYH9pR6HP2ZPYBe-%7EtqT8PJZ4MlKLMfN1xMVe3APitnQe1aJ5%7EO7iaktWtnjVuxGtClwx9XVnzWYjxqmOJU1FdgEcFrkISWUuimHrYVUJPgCtjqKIZDBMcskcbMW2rYeJRY5rQ3jIE4kZ-XJyKptRFpn3GVXyeOSXQVkGnk1U7t5vQSySqZaMD-Xa3oMFnKpjAaAPcuf-xjoBrHuOxO2xheGgVxc52g6xTmG3eB3Mo7jB7IIg2Uuo6I0FRU%7EZ9BRQ3Eyk1irgDrQaZuJxrhrPbx46YMGJ-KpLCChY-KLFhgSLOnAJ-rDzqAhch9cMVb70UwIvfCVp4IFgDGw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fa810696d07edcd99a44e19a611f9c5b https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/9d5e6f0bee0a8beaeaec58aba9a1b855.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=ZIFTVH7JwO3hqew%7ErouiycElxDOeWy9RRXCNQICGepTV0ixFp3HbY9M8wPMjwWj9blS-uOLv0-ZdlvBTy2mJOFDsIw9QmGuGhiy31URuJxKQDE3qtYg%7E1iLD814vTH1bk11W3QkyRAxUh9fJ5%7E4WL46bvz5D0mYf1NaPqOfbp1ThAZtw74cHcFEbJGwVT9jdpyF2uswJjSOM2MzKjwLZzyEQhuMxKcFKP5hSdko-rMRnAE9Wj4KKUUmxVJgFfbTYZnrKEeZgl4gPPmoJPdjlq250efnyeGN%7Es2hvHQqwjUZKkBRghNz7jICy4d01ZvyH3cjE9Rc8p7dEIRshMsUTeA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a80918c7b250c9c5c9005d7b038ec1b6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carlo Marx e Bacunin in Spagna [Karl Marx and Bakunin in Spain]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1939. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gigi Damiani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 17 x 12cm; 20 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource Mikhail Bakunin (or "Bacunin" in Italian) was one of the leading theorists of anarchism, a contemporary of Marx who split from Marx after the first International. Bakunin was thus a hero to the early Italian anarchists, including Malatesta, Galleani, Gori and others, including Damiani. For a brief bio of Damiani, see entry for his La bottega. After the deaths of Galleani and Malatesta, the fascist regime considered Damiani, always on the move although never in the U.S., as the leader of Italian anarchism. 1931-1940 essay Gigi Damiani L'Adunata dei Refrattari New York Newark newspaper press Virgilia D'Andrea https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/b8f8405156359060ab09eec140ab8a67.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Q2NdUJgFYUsuj6Y6s2uBIv8l%7EepXwe-KMdUtCx216jzK9C7U40DFhiu4fZaD2fesIRW5Yeo55xmJhmSfQq25r3hFecA72aB4e2ebObzdb0BHUfEcTJsjgiQDlOie4En96CJs-G0c84lh46ZIElKzBg%7ERMNjpYFtsBQLrEXhcrE2JenJ47kYZ8P0mJKnApgFsI1mG8tWfqR8NzLvsMeI7GnvwbpDKlYYD9GQq-4Hl2ZiCcShdTFUixj-sZLtOLPAiMCIlYIspXVXxLIM5veO2Wzg4R6YnpJW-TFEhILzuoAOBCgy%7ECriePmbJcfT8a7HZQoHCjp-X7fXpjNogJt79%7Ew__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6b0492fac5af6184adbbb27ed97cbe96 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/6e2a5e4288cf1e41baed065e56f5a57d.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=DLBXFW2h52mzWNm1hOAdt2d%7ExHG2lFd4W%7EjJBLpTkilTiGRLKdSJd8BX38GQFmv2rnvA6NNs3lRq4H5Q8YhRJ0zGy7Ukrs5BSmJjQIQeTUet3DZUVBfqayDH0Ho2Nej8kBeIuJlDx2jFfH2zxOCvgneQC0CGznLpFNknUGt1YLxX0-237erullDPBKUO4Gbg9ooCG-r40yceB94SYEenqYrobSbQrclGfGy9MOC1jXo1oBsnxzdhaH6b2oFDYdEiVC1k8Gf12wjpBZnl2mofUm3EZePgKKo7W4a%7EiY0LXVYnN8tBBh9AOZcabmKzKQna-7xW2GAH28UjbBxmQH40ag__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2619178f2fb2d4f4637e72f8a47d21ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fecondità: commedia sociale in due atti [Fertility: Social Comedy in two acts]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1928. Description An account of the resource This is a social comedic drama published by the book publication arm of the anarchist newspaper L’Adunata dei Refrattari. This 1928 publication is the earliest book in the Collection published by the newspaper which began life in 1922, founded by one of the leaders of the Galleanisti, Raffaele Schiavina (a/k/a Max Sartin), as a reincarnation of La Cronaca Sovversiva. The latter had ceased publication in 1919 when its founder Luigi Galleani, was deported from the U.S. For a brief bio of Damiani, see entry for his La bottega. After the deaths of Galleani and Malatesta, both of whom spent significant time in the U.S., the fascist regime considered Damiani, always on the move but never in the U.S., as the leader of Italian anarchism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gigi Damiani "Simplicio" Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 14.5 x 11cm; 23 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1921-1930 drama Gigi Damiani L'Adunata dei Refrattari Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/40e86e4d0bd21b34081b357584fa2f52.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=SNkQxD9tI-pjRIuET0GKf91K-NevQgR6hUljTDFg-6Ci4mWIxmvuV9ZNOpj-E3vRNG0zVXf71VmKw6PORRT9cOOX1y-1BiW8RDtMhBU3XN-rZXRMmMdgO-HR8nABRjdGutLbHv7cXGPvxoJCYJMWzURiAZEnRf0OHEaV8l4n4PgckozP-p8fXnDeIvths%7Eaco9ByU0UhB2riLnVze15%7EVjC2EY4cjHmiYozy4Sg86Y0QCDxY8OvRRw1pi%7E1zgmoorP0FGWNpblMFb3spUavS765z0zfcCZYGCfwoGhxzIGPq0ffqcZXdq5syHdPlk-yoPlSJTFEognRSI8SGifZGKA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 76398c6256d01e1b261830be7ca9a68a https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/8d1e172f4e3d76f41327661492e87ae7.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Xw3qlj5S8chAcPsgL7VyA0KSSoqe%7EKj13xalF0-5jOHIfAkix7x5uhlj1Z5Z%7EcyxYeVtAxoKnOYgm9KCkPL8L3On0uUEiOIF0vFsr0jOUZ47gsvpDoTRxHXh2r5xMqBnIqfSVoVpK-ijfeGlDn4kvFpkJPKu6cHbv5oQY%7E-0LyTZ-rpZcyQ52jaG3D8MQUsOZH2Uy2W2fsBPcIKQpRc5Ho6CwBHBsQqMzjov6OGvtDU3-Xs0KcoCwmKV1OguiDF-0z9bay3NiEH9nESIIJILnf0TFKxh3eMP8fZEoyAmq3Frzxs%7EtrYHRWkeKQh5inl5NJZEccxw9EA8SWl87BrxcA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3a1b0e9b255521f91385a5bf2995e4e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper Description An account of the resource During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in Parole Colletive, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the sovversivi. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) Il Carroccio, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist Vita, Vincenzo Vacirca’s Il Solco, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist Zarathustra, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist Eresia, all of which are reflected in the collection. The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical La Follia di New York was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of La Follia into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained La Follia. Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country. Subject The topic of the resource While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Viva Rambolot! (Bozzetto in un atto) [Viva Rambolot! Sketch in one act]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, [n.d.] Description An account of the resource This work depicts the domestic life of a prosecutor who tries to explain and justify his work activities to his daughter in the service of “the Law.” For a brief bio of Damiani (1876-1953), see entry for his La bottega. After the deaths of Galleani and Malatesta, the fascist regime considered Damiani, always on the move although never in the U.S., as the leader of Italian anarchism. While we do not know the date of publication of this work, it was advertised in the 1940 Damiani publication as one of several of Damiani's works in the Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, so it predates 1940. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gigi Damiani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [n.d.] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 12.5cm; 24 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 Detroit drama Gigi Damiani L'Adunata dei Refrattari newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/06db4f3a90040d1d39e0f4c0ce1a1c20.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=pFs9Rr7SbLuTojRh%7EQ2zQbmI2DLCSGFfu50PleWobnKVNvjW7R-YB58yB9auQK7q77N-N4cgASd2cp-11Cyh3F3pgJoXKcLNQGk6x446y74qjVGFvAvt1QwtA0baYPnEUTfdKWQgkIFP9nploq3JS0IthNZrRPhLdtos8-PSiD68PPnQgy9De-1W-Jzd%7E6D30wU0bbGyP67ow5bid1DcFqKRyc6WRiQTCjdch0uAxSZ2UhMFXzd1UObp44cdCAQs77JL%7EVU7bA3-UXxHOzUWVuzaVI3ErF4M%7Eze0MqgSwaCyC8E6O0wgeDK1WckgDVfVgpXfuOeAYobO4BxlQfL5Pg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 969ab6fd2d3b661f5e0b238583a8a844 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/ed42693c8a43553dbca00e161cbcbb30.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=GKQaHrYJS9Jk8paMaovAUH7WbTWX2OvHVrLH0PKm84Wdb%7EV7kNBDrXqwED790x2LhPKoBhLGTxwWxEOPYdyfkMnFRmfBPigmrK--zBXz2gcEmqeNmboiWLe6SMXTfTJwhehD5KCVnLIGZWURIrb0kdbuo36ZcZ5BmIYX2fPuKfO18xu7aS9eaWKT8KzhxR20bK6nzyapyc%7E4yoFFffEN2eOMdc594ngkAzHYYT0YEK3UjtrH3LasLsTIw6lW-r%7EkA7FJBZ6UwFbVZxJ3c0mOtizBrYbrgusoxL3uqZ9TpKzT59YnmsOFJgAYnEq0bC3sUu5UFBwduknj--lwZ9Q0IA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 997819d2725d3f2c5cb7628d5e5a1327 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Due conferenze: chi siamo e che cosa vogliamo: patria e religione [Two Lectures: Who We Are and What do We Want: Homeland and Religion]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1947. Description An account of the resource Due conferenze includes two of D'Andrea's public speeches delivered during her lecture tours around the country - given in New York City on March 20, 1932 and (at Cooper Union) on January 6, 1929 - and published here in 1947 by the L’Adunata dei Refrattari, the most internationally influential and longest-running anarchist journal started by Galleani’s Cronaca Sovversivi colleagues (edited by Raffaele Schiavina), i.e., the Galleanisti, after Galleani’s deportation in 1919. For a more complete biography, see the description in Richiamo all'anarchia: protesta e proposta anarchica in otto conferenze pronunciate in terra d'esilio durante la dominazione fascista. Like Il Martello — and even, on the opposite side of the political spectrum, Il Carroccio — L’Adunata particularly sought out articles by women. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Virgilia D'Andrea Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 12cm; 63 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1941-1950 Durante L'Adunata dei Refrattari newspaper press Virgilia D'Andrea https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/1642bbe6663ee632c8a76dfb6c396322.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Ha7ARtO2qFK1dgOPAzebYoDHgdfHPHKys9rx8yhzIu2Injevw4%7EZPAQWjQuv0kVu3ZbI-lUoa%7EcBKaze%7E2anEY0TxTMWR-C6sfdOp005mFIXpW0bvLyPKWNKRObJ5gl7xs8Kn2fZU2pqFJyg3C7hnqnsrbTAbBlA6G5f9zvdFTQvX0M8Ycq8haa-WlvKJh7TDq7zJjie8OVccVqlxmYRsouCgdEvb7NqKQAYB8aKzWtFI8k0gfkQFdg3%7En%7EV1n19i-89AIE8mBufcyCDW%7EoZvJBFTfWCe1NFwLFS%7EkJ-e7LM2CfF9B1kDhV3yVW2yU5TBrSADQDdu9ONnPhumIL8vQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d60d5751e938a52650b94c6d812acf62 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/25e0e1d9448f6707021eaca40f38a95f.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=JyDiUgESk5dNzCKFk%7EcuidClfKzPmKJsTjBZQqWwLwweaja2RQ17GpoB9jLplwfNEQOwVMC2UilN8l%7E67E%7EzhON9Q9cXPBQSrlGXLy7lElUgQXwpWfvLn4qErGgCuEcQbvChAHsGpYBN7dGmASwbhsKVGvrzevJKoRMQVZCEwF2K1z1TGqjhpAcHEQh1cF5dso1yvJkui6m7dWjqVWhLPctYdIBagqRqOwytcpESt8ENwza1Rems933HgWIJeMPNmtb9hpPpX7-aD78BN8304Dyo-xztmlXMPdAgJXlyD8%7EQPshsf6DYOMM0QymKNPrvvAGgMqNix0RBe6exTDab3Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e6a7bf06f7271453ab1c17bef693e4c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tormento [Torment]. Paris: La Fraternelle, 1929. Description An account of the resource In 1929 La Fraternelle in Paris published this, D'Andrea's first book of poetry, about her own personal anguish and social struggles, shortly after D'Andrea had entered the U.S. See Richiamo all'anarchia for her bio. Note, on the title page, that this is the "II Edizione: Dal V all'VIII migliaio," that is, the second edition, from 5,000 to 8,000 copies. Here's why a first book of poetry would have sold so well: the collection of poems had actually been published by her in 1922 in Italy, where she was then living, under the same title, where the Italian state immediately seized and banned all copies, charging her prose with the ability to disrupt public order and incite class hatred. Errico Malatesta had written the original Preface, dated April 1922, Rome, and that preface is reproduced in this later publication outside of Italy. Malatesta generously calls her "poetess of anarchy," worthy of filling the place left empty by Pietro Gori, who had died in 1911 - given Gori's enormous reputation and popularity, high praise indeed! On the rear cover, the price to purchase the work was given both in French francs and American dollars. By 1929, as noted, she had moved to the U.S. to be with her lover, Armando Borghi, and had immediately hit the major venues of the anarchist lecture circuit all throughout America, see Richiamo all'anarchia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Virgilia D'Andrea Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available La Fraternelle Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18 x 12cm; 30 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1921-1930 anarchist Durante Errico Malatesta imported L'Adunata dei Refrattari Paris poetry published in France https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/8d022eb4f9fd8c70548ebe92e1456856.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=aAgfWbJ73j7o6EZuE%7EV2afMAVMoNvg7RxpJx00uS6qgZ7L0JtwrRM7xwaZFoNa3glGMTGEI2YnoAWXeH6buehI3Vvi%7E925J3BkcneqYE8oJA-pzXg5XFfX1M6YUIjvxHMmANa7XUM9fCR01g0eXakk6iYOLjx6ZrnGPWyM1OFCvGxTAXUq2w5s9tEOsRliyGKODazjQLF2B3rXHNVTdUNJG7ZbxREEvAAy-7d9nBTcnHEhyscjw6WAGCAkoa2DSOfVb1L081pJ3eWlH5bIQz5JDPmFFv4lM47GfNZr0pASKXz-O3OfCj2qFs8J3lhN5LW0NmHlH5Yg3hT28NYTVirw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 99b63d7d55f4c0924beb9cb7273d0ffa https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/637aa037220043031f80f3b621176ef2.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=QoGKDsdNQ62NSGUdqCPjp5r01ccDncG6NdfzzSPEOxSBgmqgO2cigoP5BNRisbm2nqYeFgqjW6zP0LDMUMbjxx8yg6bjdbq%7EsaiDT8APPgftdgM52CxsB90FcLwZFiC8uSa5IqxKTO2XL2lSzp-GUZw%7E6bVmOryls6PJCaCLcNSf7jXO2PU2UT8E2TkpRNg9lclNzXKrtp1uGmWGNhHl4HFm7jGpGub16N3InZaCJ156ZCAezKjlBVdNbH2FAmYko5471wxXJCfniskgcx1tH2Q2XQrt1rSes-iwv53X5v4o0y1ikubLJc1U8RzqD8rhLkJfbv-uuAl4lcGdc2NEXQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5787ca2d7bb9b1ae1edd73031a82acab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il tramonto di Bacunin [The Decline of Bakunin]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1939. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Armando Borghi Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 17 x 12cm; 56 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 Armando Borghi Bacunin Durante L'Adunata dei Refrattari Newark newspaper press