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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in &lt;em&gt;Parole Colletive&lt;/em&gt;, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the &lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt;. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist &lt;em&gt;Vita&lt;/em&gt;, Vincenzo Vacirca’s &lt;em&gt;Il Solco&lt;/em&gt;, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist &lt;em&gt;Zarathustra&lt;/em&gt;, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist &lt;em&gt;Eresia&lt;/em&gt;, all of which are reflected in the collection. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt; was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt; into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country.</text>
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                  <text>While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'urto di due mondi: poemetto &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[The Collision of Two Worlds: a short poem]&lt;strong&gt;. [n.p.]: [n.p.], 1938.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Stamped on the title page - bare of any printed text except "L'Urto di due mondi" without "poemetto" much less author Zavattero's name -  is "Libreria SOCIALE Italiana, Giuseppe Popolizio E Co., 232 East 123rd ST., New York, N.Y." That the bookstore name is stamped, as is the price, rather than being printed, suggests that the work may well have been published in Europe, and was then distributed internationally to anarchists following the developments in Spain of the civil war there. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Query whether this Popolizio is the same as the one whose bookstore is pasted on a slip on the title page of &lt;em&gt;Verso il comunismo&lt;/em&gt;, q.v., namely Libreria Popolizio| Road 2 Box 1| Rivesville, W. Va. 26588. Note also in the publisher's note prefacing a collection of poems purportedly by Gigi Damiani (&lt;em&gt;Sassate&lt;/em&gt; q.v.), the publisher's note is signed "G.P.", which is probably Giuseppe Popolizio, whose Libreria Popolizio (in 1952) sold &lt;em&gt;Sassate&lt;/em&gt;, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Domenico Zavattero was an Italian anarchist editor, activist, and polemicist, known for his disputes with anarchic-individualists. He contributed to many anarchist periodicals, including Carlo Tresca's &lt;em&gt;Il Martello, &lt;/em&gt;usually under the pseudonym of "Lolmo."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Something of a bibliographic oddity is that under the title on the cover are printed two mottoes, each in both Italian and Spanish: "Minaccia del passato: Arriba Espana!" and "Promesso per l'avvenire: No pasaran!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The poem is, indeed, about the Spanish civil war, mentioning Guernica, Andalusia, Barcelona and other locales of the war in which many Italian leftists fought to defend the government from General Franco, while Fascist Party militia fought on the side of Franco.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Below that is stamped "10¢", under which is printed "Febbraio 1938."</text>
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                <text>[Domenico] Zavattero</text>
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                <text>1938</text>
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                <text>17.5 x 11cm; 15 p.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sassate: prosa rimata al sugo di limone&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [Throwing Stones: prose rhymed in lemon sauce]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Libreria Popolizio, [1952].&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>"Gavroche" (the name of the street urchin in Victor Hugo's &lt;em&gt;Les Miserables) &lt;/em&gt;is a pseudonym that two Italian book dealers identify as Gigi Damiani. No other work of Damiani's in the Collection is poetry.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The publisher's note is signed "G.P.", which is probably Giuseppe Popolizio. In 1938, Popolizio's &lt;span&gt;Libreria Sociale Italiana, at 232 East 123rd St., New York, also sold &lt;em&gt;L'Urto di due mondi&lt;/em&gt;, q.v.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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