<em><strong>Antinatale</strong></em> [AntiChristmas]. <strong>New York: Biblioteca "Novatore" No. 4, [1910].</strong>
Libero Tancredi was the journalistic pseudonym of Massimo Rocca (b. Torino 1884 - d. Salò 1973). This work dates from Rocca's youth, when he wrote for anarchist and syndicalist newspapers. However, by the beginning of 1920, he flirted with and then fully embraced fascism, writing for <em>Il Popolo d'Italia</em> when that newspaper was directed by Mussolini. <br /><br />In 1923, he co-founded, with Giuseppe Bottai, an important fascist hierarch, the magazine <em>Critica fascista</em>.<br /><br />The Collection contains another work by Tancredi: <em>Dio e patria: nel pensiero dei rinnegati.</em> New York: [n.p.], [c. 1924-1925].<strong> <span style="font-weight:400;">There, the second essay recounts a religious debate between Tancredi and a priest in Providence, R.I., on December 11, 1910, likely the same year as the publication of this work.</span></strong><br /><br />This copy is notable because it bears a prized stamp for a collector interested in the first women's bookstore and publisher among the Italians: the stamp of "Libreria Editrice | ELVIRA CATELLO|1946 First Avenue, New York City…." See discussion of Elvira Catello's life and work in the description of Tomaso Concordia's <em>Argomenti libertari</em>.<br /><br />The "Novatore" of the Biblioteca "Novatore" is presumably Renzo Novatore, author of works published posthumously in <em>Verso la nulla creatore</em>, q.v.
Libero Tancredi
Biblioteca "Novatore" No. 4
[1910]
19.5 x 11.25cm; 15 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Guardia Rossa: il terrore bianco in America</em></strong> [Red Guard: the white terror of America]<strong>, No. 4</strong><strong>. New York: A cura della Libreria Rossa, 1 Maggio [May] 1920.</strong>
This magazine by Carlo Tresca did not have a terribly long run, especially compared to his signature work, <em>Il Martello</em>, q.v. I do not know in what sense the "Red Guard" could have been considered a "white terror." (To say the obvious, Tresca, whose opposition to injustice extended to his decrying the lynching of Blacks, was not advocating any form of white superiority.)<br /><br />Tresca's preface, see photo, notes that when he first set foot in America, in August 1914, he was inspired by the Statue of Liberty to believe he had arrived in the land of liberty. But he'd come to know otherwise, and declared in this first issue of a new magazine in 1920 - three years after he had started <em>Il Martello</em> - that he had become disillusioned, disenchanted with the United States, the reasons for which the reader would find out in the pages that follow in the magazine. What <em>Guardia Rossa</em> might have offered readers that <em>Il Martello</em> did not already do so is unclear.<br /><br />Note that the nominal publisher, Libreria Rossa [Red Bookstore, or Red Library], was a name that appears on the same letterhead as that of <em>Il Martello </em>in the holographic undated letter of Tresca's in the Collection, q.v. The letterhead shows U. Nieri as the Secretary of the Libreria Rossa. <br /><br />The Collection has several other works published by the Libreria Rossa, some of which are associated - at an earlier time - with Elvira Catello, q.v., a writer, bookseller and publisher in New York who appears to be the first Italian American woman, writing in Italian, having the latter two of these three roles.
Compilata da Carlo Tresca
A cura della Libreria Rossa
1 Maggio [May] 1920
<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/320">Guardia Rossa, No. 4 - 1 Maggio [May] 1920</a>
Italian
<strong><em>Giorgio e Silvio (dialogo fra dei militari)</em> </strong>[Giorgio and Silvio (dialogue between servicemen)]. <strong>Paterson: A cura della Libreria Sociologica, [1916].</strong>
This is a dramatic dialogue concluding with the two soldiers cheering for anarchy and calling for death to the oppressor.<br /><br />A dialogue between two people about political philosophy was a technique frequently employed by the left in works like this. See, e.g., <span><em>Al caffè: conversazioni dal vero</em> [At the Cafè: Honest Conversations], also published by the Libreria Sociologica, a bookstore in Paterson that stocked one of the richest and most varied assortments of inexpensive books and pamphlets for anarchists and socialists in the U.S. These include social novels and dramas, as well as political tracts such as this one, in the form of a political conversation among various (in this case, five) fictional characters emblamatic of different stages of political education and sophistication. <br /><br />The Libreria Sociologica was also a publisher, as this and at least a half-dozen other works in the collection attest to, q.v. This work appears to have been popular, given that cover and title page both indicate that it is the seventh edition. The Libreria Sociologica published a series by anarchist thinkers that included the work of playwrights and poets, many of whom were in contact with Mexican and Spanish anarchists. <br /><br /></span>
Emilio Silvieri
A cura della Libreria Sociologica
[1916]
14.5 x 10.5cm; 16 p.
Italian
<em><strong>Casa Savoia, Vol. II</strong> </em>[House of Savoy, Vol. II]. <strong>East Boston: <span>Ediz. de "L'Aurora"</span>, 1929.</strong>
A good example of the international nature of anarchism is reflected in the changing places of publishing of different volumes of the same work: <em>Casa Savoia, Vol. I</em> was published but in Buenos Aires in 1927, two years before the publication of this Volume II was published in Boston. You can see an advertisement for it in the inside back cover of another Buenos Aires publication in the Collection (as of December 2023 uncatalogued), from 1927, Pietro Gori's <em>La donna e la famiglia</em> (Ed. di propaganda Culmine). <br /><br />And though <em>published</em> in East Boston in the U.S., this Volume II was actually <em>printed</em> in France: on the recto of the rear free endpaper is the colophon "Imprimerie Commerciale de la Tribune Républicaine, Saint-Étienne." <br /><br /><em>L'Aurora</em> was founded in 1899 in West Hoboken by Giuseppe Ciancabilla. The Collection includes a biography of him by Ugo Fedeli, q.v., as well as other works with connections to him.<br /><br />Schicchi (b. Colesano, Sicily, 1865 - d. Palermo, 1950) was, like so many of the leading anarchists, very much part of an international movement. He engaged in lively polemics in Italy with two of the greatest of the anarchists, namely, Errico Malatesta and Pietro Gori. In addition to being active in Italy, Schicchi was also for some time active in France, working with Sebastien Faure, whose work is also reflected in the Collection, q.v.<br /><br />In the U.S., he wrote for <em>La Comune</em> of Philadelphia and Galleani's <em>La Cronaca Sovversiva</em>, then published in Barre, VT. <br /><br />The Collection contains a work in Italian which in English is a report of the trial of Schicchi before the Court of Assizes in Viterbo, q.v.<br /><br />There are biographies of this colorful anarchist by Renato Souvarine, Filippo Gramignano and Nicola Schicchi.
Paolo Schicchi
Ediz. de "L'Aurora"
1929
19 x 14.5cm; 204.
Italian
<em><strong>Resoconto del processo avanti la Corte d'Assise di Viterbo contro Schicchi Paolo</strong></em> [Report of the Trial before the Court of Assizes in Viterbo against Paolo Schicchi].<strong> New York: Bolletini Speciali del tempo, 1925</strong>.
This work is a report of Paolo Schicchi's trial for attempted murder and other crimes allegedly committed by this anarchist. It includes a statement by the Sicilian-born but international revolutionary anarchist himself, as well as transcripts of courtroom testimony, including cross-examination.<br /><br />For more on the life of Schicchi, and the authors of what appear to be three full-length biographies of Schicchi, see the entry for <em>Casa Savoia, Vol. II</em>.
Paolo Schicchi
Bolletini Speciali del tempo
1925
<span>23 x 15cm; 46 p.</span>
Italian
<em><strong>Berneri in Ispagna</strong></em> [Berneri in Spain]. <strong>Newark: Biblioteca de <em>L'</em><em>Adunata dei Refrattari</em>, 1937.</strong>
Deported to Italy from the U.S. in 1919 with his leader, Luigi Galleani, author Schiavina returned illegally to the U.S. in 1928 using the name Max Sartin, editing <em>L'Adunata dei Refrattari</em> under that name until its demise in 1971. (Schiavina died in 1987.)<br /><br />This work is his tribute to Camillo Berneri (b. 1897, Lodi - d. 1937, Barcelona), Italian anarchist who participated in the Spanish Civil War and who was assassinated in Barcelona by Stalinists in 1937.<br /><br />For Schiavina's biography, see the description in <em>La guerra che viene. </em>To see some of his works, search for "Max Sartin."
Max Sartin
[Raffaele Schiavina]
Bib. de l'Adunata dei Refrattari
1937
17 x 12cm; 40 p.
Italian
<em><strong>Il sistema rappresentativo e l'ideale</strong></em> [The Representative System and the Ideal].<strong> Newark: Biblioteca de <em>L'</em><em>Adunata dei Refrattari</em>, 1945.</strong>
While published in Newark, this work was printed in France at the "Imprimerie Commerciale de la Tribune Républicaine, Saint-Étienne".<br /><br />For a fuller bio of Max Sartin, see the description in <em>La guerra che viene.</em>
Max Sartin
[Raffaele Schiavina]
Bib. de l'Adunata dei Refrattari
1945
16.5 x 12cm; 48 p.
Italian
<strong><em>La guerra che viene</em> </strong>[The War that is Coming]. <strong>Newark: Biblioteca de l'<em>Adunata dei Refrattari</em>, 1939.</strong>
Deported to Italy from the U.S. with Galleani, Max Sartin, whose real name was Rafaelle Schiavina (b. San Carlo (Ferrara), Italy, April 8, 1894 – d. New York, 1987) returned illegaly to the U.S. in 1928, editing <em>L'Adunata dei Refrattari</em> until its demise in 1971.<br /><br />Conceived as the heir to the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> post-Galleani, on April 15, 1922 <em>L’Adunata dei Refrattari</em> (The Gathering of the Unwilling) was initiated as a fortnightly. Directed by Costantino Zonchello and then, briefly, Ilario Margarita, its purpose was to support Sacco and Vanzetti and to serve as an antifascist bulwark. The Collection has a few (but later) issues of <em>L’Adunata dei Refrattari.</em><br /><br />Upon his return from Paris in 1928, Schiavina became its editor, first using the pseudonym “Max Sartin.” To review his travels in the U.S.: Schiavina had earned a diploma as an accountant, which was useful to him in obtaining his first employment in America, where he emigrated in 1913, settling in Brockton, Massachusetts. Initially an adherent of socialism, he was influenced by reading Kropotkin’s <em>Memorie</em> (Memoirs), and in 1914 he began to frequent anarchist circles. <br /><br />He subscribed to the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> and became acquainted with Galleani. In 1916, the latter committed the administration of his newspaper to Schiavina, together with Carlo Valdinoci. Schiavina established himself in Lynn, Massachusetts, and began to write articles and give lectures. <br /><br />On September 25, 1916, he experienced his first arrest, with Mario Buda and Federico Cari, for an antiwar demonstration in Boston, and was subsequently released. In 1917, on the occasion of the arrest of Galleani, he hid the list of subscribers to the newspaper. In that same year, soon after delivering an antiwar speech in New York, he was also arrested. After being released again, he was able to return to work on the newspaper. He never abandoned the newspaper, even when the main part of Galleani’s group became expatriates in Mexico to avoid conscription to fight in World War I. <br /><br />Sartin was suspected of being involved in the plot to dynamite Youngstown. After his arrest and that of Ella Antolini in Chicago in January 1918, Schiavina was put on trial and was condemned to a year of hard labor for failing to appear for the draft. He served his sentence in the prison of East Cambridge, after which on June 24, 1919, he was sent to Ellis Island to be deported to Italy, together with Galleani and seven other anarchists. <br /><br />In 1920, along with Galleani, he brought the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> back to life in Turin, succeeding also in circulating the newspaper clandestinely in the United States, but in October of that year, the Italian police authorities definitively suppressed the newspaper.<br /><br />With the advent of fascism, Schiavina decided to expatriate. In March 1923, after having passed through Ferrara to see his mother and sister for the last time, he left for Paris, where he established contacts with Italians in political exile. He created the newspapers <em>La Difesa per Sacco e Vanzetti</em> (The Defense of Sacco and Vanzetti, 1923) and <em>Il Mondo</em> (The World, 1925–28) and published the volume <em>Sacco e Vanzetti: Cause e fini di un delitto di stato</em> [Sacco and Vanzetti: Causes and Goals of a State Crime], 1927.
Max Sartin
[Raffaele Schiavina]
Bib. de l'Adunata dei Refrattari
1939
18.5 x 12cm; 40 p.
Italian
<em><strong>Le idee chiare destano le oscure</strong></em> [Clear Ideas Provoke Obscure Ones]. <strong>The Bronx: Bronx Italian American Press, [n.d.]</strong>
A philosophical work analyzing the "problem" of anarchism, noting that it's not political or economic, but rather ethical, psychological and educational, with Emmanuel Kant, Frederick Nietsche, and Max Stirner discussed just in the first few pages. <br /><br />There are many publishing claimants for this work: "Edito dal gruppo 'Luce'" on verso of title page; "Morgillo Press 305 E. 115th St. New York" stamped upside down obscuring the printed "Bronx Italian American Press"; on rear cover, "send orders with expected imports to Casa editrice 'Luce', 319 E. 151st St."<br /><br />N. Morgillo was the publisher of works as early as 1909 (<em>La via del Paradiso</em>) and as late as 1951 (<em>Ricciardiana</em>), either under his own name or under the name of Eloquent Press.<br /><br />I have found nothing about Rowackisex or the Gruppo "Luce."
M. Rowackisex
Bronx Italian American Press
[n.d.]
20 x 15cm; 16 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Come i falchi: bozzetto sociale in due atti</em> </strong>[Like Hawks: dramatic scenes in two acts]. <strong>Philadelphia: Ed. a cura del Circolo d'Emancipazione Sociale, 1939.</strong>
The cover has a variant (from the title page) of the title of the work, namely, <em>Come i falchi: Scene dramattiche in due atti</em>.<br /><br />Postiglione (b. 1893 L'Aquila; d. 1924 L'Aquila) left Italy in 1910, embarking at Le Havre for New York, whence he went to Chicago. He lived in an apartment under Giuseppe Bertelli, the director of <em>La Parola del Popolo</em>, and became acquainted with him thereby. <br /><br />He became a propagandist, traveling to mining towns in Illinois, Wisconsin & Iowa, contributing to <em>La Cronaca Sovversiva</em>. He had started an anarchist newspaper in Chicago, <em>L'Allarme</em>, and later traveled throughout the U.S. giving speeches that electrified people with his oratory. In 1917, to avoid the draft imposed on foreigners of draft age, he left the US to go to Mexico, whence he traveled throughout Central and South America. <br /><br />In 1919, he left Buenos Aires to return to Italy, where he became licensed to be a teacher. A great polemicist, he showed in his articles in the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> a lashing sarcasm turned against compromisers in anarchist and socialist movements. <br /><br />This play takes place in a mining company town. Heroine Lina is desperate to not get thrown out of their hovel because they can't pay rent. Enzo, her husband, has been fired by Tonio, the evil boss and sexual predator. Lina agrees to give herself sexually to Tonio, in exchange for Enzo getting his job back. But her husband, Enzo, returns from his search for work elsewhere, shocked to find out what Lina was willing to do. Tonio arrives, expecting to have his way with Lina, but runs into the furious Enzo.
Umberto Postiglione
Ed. a cura del Circolo D'Emancipazione Sociale
1939
19 x 13cm; 22 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Lavoro e surmenage </em></strong>[Work and Burnout]. <strong>Barre: Casa ed. L'Azione, [191-].</strong>
Translated from French <em>(Travail et surmenage</em>); part of Biblioteca di Propaganda Rivoluzionaria, part of Galleani's group of Italian anarchists in Vermont. Sacco and Vanzetti belonged to this group.<br /><br />Pierrot (1871-1950) published this work in French as <em>Travail et surmenage</em> in Paris in 1911 (Les Temps Nouveaux).
M[arc]. Pierrot
Casa ed. L'Azione
[19??]
21 x 12.5cm; 45 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Errico Malatesta.</em> New York: Casa ed. "Il Martello", [1922].</strong>
<span style="font-weight:400;">Nettlau (b. Neuwaldegg [Vienna], 1865; d. Amsterdam, 1944) was a German anarchist - indeed, according to Paul Avrich, Nettlau was the foremost historian of anarchism - who met Malatesta in London, and remained friends for the rest of their lives. Realizing that the history of anarchists would be lost as the first generation began to pass away, he planned on interviewing them and writing their biographies. </span><br /><br />This 304-page biography of Malatesta, composed more than two decades after the earlier Nettlau work in the collection, is comprised of 20 chapters documenting the most important events in Malatesta’s life. The publication date of 1922 is a surmise arising from the fact that 1922 is the latest date of an event in Malatesta's life in the work, appearing at end of the chronological essay in Chapter XX.<br /><br />The cover of this work contains a kind of subtitle not found on the title page, "materialismo e libertà." <br /><br />The interesting bibliographical fact about this work is that there was issued, apparently in the same year, and clearly by the same publisher, a lengthier and in other respects slightly different edition, which is also in the collection, q.v.
Max Nettlau
Casa ed. "Il Martello"
[1922]
18.5 x 12.5cm; 304 p.
Italian
<strong><em>La responsabilità e la solidarietà nella lotta operaia: rapporto letto alla "Freedom Discussion Group" il 5 dicembre 1899</em></strong> [Responsibility and Solidarity in the Workers' Struggle: report read to the "Freedom Discussion Group," December 5, 1899]. <strong>Barre: Casa ed. L'Azione, 1913.</strong>
Biblioteca di Propaganda Rivoluzionaria. A short report written by German anarchist Max Nettlau. It was published by the book arm of <em>L’Azione</em>, a critical weekly of revolutionary propaganda based in Barre, VT, where Luigi Galleani settled after postal authorities made it too "hot" for him to remain in Newark or East Boston.<br /><p>Max Heinrich Hermann Reinhardt Nettlau<span> (b.</span> 1865 – d. 1944) was a German anarchist and historian. Raised in Vienna, he lived there until the <em>anschluss</em> to Nazi Germany in 1938. Nettlau retained his Prussian (later German) nationality throughout his life. A student of the Welsh language, he spent time in London where he joined the Socialist League and met<span> William Morris, and</span> anarchists such as<span> Errico Malatesta and Peter Kropotkin, with</span><span> </span>whom he remained in contact for the rest of his life. </p>
<p>In the 1890s, realizing that a generation of socialist and anarchist militants from the mid-19th century was passing away and their archives of writings and correspondence being destroyed, he concentrated his efforts and a recent modest inheritance from his father on acquiring and rescuing such collections from destruction. (Much of that collection made its way in the 1930s to the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam.) He also made many interviews of veteran militants for posterity. <br /><br />Nettlau wrote biographies of many famous anarchists, including Mikhail Bakunin and Élisée Reclus, as well as one of Errico Malatesta, q.v., published by <em>Il Martello</em> in New York in 1922. He also wrote a seven-volume history of anarchism.</p>
Max Nettlau
Casa ed. L'Azione
1913
20 x 11.5cm; 21 p.
Italian
<em><strong>America! America!: atti e memorie del popolo</strong></em> [America! America! Acts and Memoirs of the People]. <strong>Casalvelino Scalo [Salerno]: Ed. Giuseppe Galzerano, 1979 [1981].</strong>
Antonio Margariti (b. Ferruzzano, Reggio Calabria, Italy, 1891 – d. Willow Grove, Pennsylvania, 1981) published these memoirs in 1979 at age 87. This "savage and touching" book (Durante) awakened a vast interest, so much so as to be a finalist for the Viareggio Literary Prize. <br /><br />The education of the poor Calabrian immigrant took place entirely in America through his frequenting of anarchist circles; Margariti committed himself, among other things, to the circulation of <em>L'Adunata dei Refrattari</em> and of <em>Il Martello</em>, as well as to committees for Sacco and Vanzetti and to antifascist initiatives.<br /><br />For Margariti and many other immigrants, the anarchist circle represented therefore a social occasion that, for the first time, allowed them to attend theatrical events, concerts, picnics, and dances. It also offered educational opportunities, a school for critical thinking (often a real school, with teachers, courses, and classes). Here one could better define and give historical breadth to those spontaneous and rebellious inclinations that the helpless confrontation with priests, bosses, and all sorts of profiteers had nurtured for a long time. <br /><br />Workers from all over the country became <em>galleanisti</em> (followers of Galleani), even if this did not mean that they were strict observers of the famous leader’s doctrine. These memoirs, written in Calabrian dialect by the unlettered Margariti, were translated into Italian by the publisher.
Antonio Margariti
Ed. Giuseppe Galzerano
1979 [1981]
19.5 x 14cm; 136 p.
Italian
<em><strong>L'attentato di Matteo Morral</strong> </em>[The Attempt on Matteo Morral].<strong> East Boston: Gruppo Autonomo, [1910?]</strong>
This is the Italian-language version of a French anarchist's perspective on the Morral affair, an attempted assassination of the <span>Spanish King </span><span>Alfonso XIII and his bride, </span><span>Victoria Eugenie, on their wedding day, May 31, 1906</span> by Mateu Morral, who threw a bomb from a balcony, killing 24 bystanders without harming the royal procession.<br /><p>Two days after the attack, militiamen accosted Morral, who killed one before killing himself. Morral was likely involved in a similar attack on the king a year prior.</p>
<p>The affair became a pretext to stop Francisco Ferrer, an anarchist pedagogue who ran Escuela Moderna, the influential, rationalist, antigovernment, anticlerical, antimilitary, Barcelonean school in whose library Morral worked.<span> </span></p>
Morral is celebrated here as a hero. The Boston-based Gruppo Autonomo that published this edition, affiliated with Luigi Galleani, did not refrain from violence when it believed it was necessary.<br /><br />Author Charles Malato (1857–1938) was a French anarchist and writer. He was born to a noble Neapolitan family; his grandfather Count Malato was a Field Marshal and the Commander-in-Chief of the army of the last King of Naples.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-0" class="reference"></sup>
<p>Count Malato ferociously suppressed a popular anti-dynastic insurrection; <sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-1" class="reference"></sup>his son – Charles' father – supported the communards of the Paris Commune, and was banished as a result to the penal colony of New Caledonia, where Charles was born. After the amnesty of anarchists and communists, Charles and his by that time ninety-year-old father returned to Paris, where they immersed themselves in the anarchist movement.</p>
Carlo [Charles-Armand-Antoine] Malato
Gruppo Autonomo
[1910?]
13 x 8.5cm; 20 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Al caffè: conversazioni dal vero</em></strong> [At the Café: Honest Conversations]. <strong>Paterson: Libreria Sociologica, [n.d.]</strong>
<span>The Libreria Sociologica (Sociological Bookstore) in Paterson stocked one of the richest and most varied assortments of inexpensive books and pamphlets for anarchists and socialists in the U.S. These include social novels and dramas, as well as political tracts such as this one, in the form of a political conversation among five fictional characters. <br /><br />The Libreria Sociologica was also a publisher, as this and at least a half-dozen other works in the Collection attest to, q.v. This work appears to have been popular, given that cover and title page both indicate that it is the seventh edition. The Libreria Sociologica published a series by anarchist thinkers that included the work of playwrights and poets, many of whom were in contact with Mexican and Spanish anarchists. <br /><br />Probably the greatest of anarchists both in Italy and in the U.S., Enrico Malatesta believed that while anarchists could not be syndicalists, they could use syndicalist tactics to achieve their goals, and thus could have a role in the development of the Industrial Workers of the World (see works of Faggi, De Ciampis (<em>Il Proletario</em>), Ebert, Vincent St. John, Giuseppe Cannata, Meledandri, Buttis and others in the Collection).<br /><br />The literary form of this work, as the title suggests, presents a series of conversations between a bourgeois and a student filled with anarchist ideas, and others with varied political opinions. Such conversations in narrative or occasionally dramatic form were a common way of educating and influencing the working men and women whom these writers sought to reach. This kind of presentation contrasted with the more theoretical and philosophical tracts of writers like Renzo Novatore (q.v.).<br /><br /><br /></span>
Errico Malatesta
Libreria Sociologica
[n.d.]
18 x 12cm; 59 p.
Italian
<em><strong>Organizzazione e anarchia</strong></em> [Organization and Anarchy]. <strong>Paris: L. Chauvet, [1927?]</strong>
That the story of the transnational work of a figure like Malatesta was written in Italian, published in New York, and printed in Paris by an Italian printer, Tipografia Sociali, is testimony to the international nature of the anarchist movement. <br /><br />Malatesta (see also <em>Al caff<span style="font-family:'nunito sans';font-size:18px;">è</span></em>) (b. Caserta 1853-1932) was the most important Italian anarchist of this era. Borghi and Galleani were his proteges. A spellbinding orator, Malatesta traveled to and was respected throughout the Italian anarchist world, in Europe, and in North and South America. <br /><br />He differed from Galleani in at least one important respect: unlike the latter, <span>Malatesta believed that while anarchists could not be syndicalists, they could use syndicalist tactics to achieve their goals, and thus could have a role in the development of the Industrial Workers of the World (see works of Faggi, De Ciampis (</span><i><span>Il Proletario</span></i><span><span>), Ebert, Vincent St. John, Giuseppe Cannata, Meledandri, Buttis and others in the Collection). <br /><br />N</span></span>evertheless, Malatesta was a committed revolutionary. He believed that the anarchist revolution was inevitable and that violence would be a necessary part of it since the state rested ultimately on violent coercion. As he wrote in his article "The Revolutionary 'Haste'" (<em>Umanita Nova</em>, number 125, 6 September 1921): "to achieve this end [of everyone being socially conscious], it is necessary to provide all with the means of life and for development, and it is therefore necessary to destroy with violence, since one cannot do otherwise, the violence which denies these means to the workers." However, Malatesta himself denounced the use of terrorism and violent physical force.<br /><br /><p>The preface is by Amilcare Cipriani (b. Anzio 1844- d. Paris 1918), who fought with Garibaldi (and later with Garibaldi's son) in many venues. <span>He was elected deputy of the new Italian Chamber of Deputies</span><span> (and subsequently re-elected eight times) </span><sup id="cite_ref-nyt290518_4-1" class="reference"></sup><span>but was unable to claim his seat because he refused to swear an oath of allegiance to the King</span><span>. In 1891, he was among the delegates to the conference which established the short-lived Socialist Revolutionary Anarchist Party.</span></p>
Errico Malatesta
L. Chauvet
[1927?]
18 x 13.5cm; 32 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Rivoluzione e controrivoluzione</em> </strong>[Revolution and Counter-Revolution: Manifesto of the militants and the Reunited Anarchist Groups of North America].<strong> Brooklyn: Comitato dei Gruppi Riuniti Galilei Club, 1944.</strong>
The Galilei Club was another chosen name for an anarchist group, reflecting the independence of its namesake (whose last name the group used, rather than the more familiar first name, Galileo), as well as his battles with the religious authorities. <br /><br />This pamphlet covers many topics, with chapters on the Vatican, Spain, fascism, the Fifth Column, bourgeois government and the social war. The cover features a graphic black and white woodcut on a light blue background of two hands in the clouds. One fights off another clawed hand (presumably the devil’s or some force of evil) holding a sharp, bloody dagger.
Gruppi Anarchici Riuniti del Nordamerica
Comitato dei Gruppi Riuniti Galilei Club
1944
17 x 12cm; 93 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Se dovessi parlare agli elettori: ecco quanto direi loro</em></strong> [If I Had to Speak with the Electorate, Here is What I Would Tell Them]. <strong>East Boston: Gruppo Autonomo, [191-?]</strong>
Translation of work of French anarchist anti-electoral essay. Gruppo Autonomo was Galleani's violent anarchist cell that included Sacco & Vanzetti.<br /><br /><span>French journalist, editor, theorist, novelist, educator, and campaigner, Jean Grave was one of the most influential figures in the French and international anarchist movements between the late 1870s and World War I. He acquired this stature through the prominence and sheer volume of his contacts, as well as his ability to extend and mobilize them in the context of a clear militant project, relying on predominantly informal connections. <br /><br />Grave was the editor of several highly prominent anarchist periodicals, including <em class="italic">La Révolte</em> (1887–1894), and, perhaps most importantl, <em class="italic">Les Temps Nouveaux</em> (1895–1922). These journals broadcast anarchist ideas on a global scale, with a circulation ranging from 1,500 in their early days to 18,000 copies at their peak, presumably with a much wider readership. <br /><br /></span>The original of this translated work, <i><span>Si j'avais à parler aux électeurs</span></i><span>, was published in 1912.</span>
Giovanni [Jean] Grave
Gruppo Autonomo
[191-?]
16 x 11cm; 15 p.
Italian
English
<strong><em>Figure e figuri. Medaglioni </em></strong>[Characters and suspicious types. Sketches]. <strong>Newark: Biblioteca de <em>L'Adunata dei Refrattari</em>, 1930.</strong>
<span>The articles collected here were originally published in <em>La Questione</em> or<em> Cronaca Sovversiva</em> between 1901 and 1920. This is a collection of Galleani’s articles on various important movement characters, Italian and otherwise, published by the book-publishing arm of the newspaper begun by Raffaele Schiavina and other Galleanisti after Galleani was deported in 1919, and the similarly deported Schiavina (using the pseudonym Max Sartin) had returned to the U.S. illegally.<br /><br />The preface states that this volume was published during Galleani’s exile on the island of Lipari, and thus without his express consent. Galleani lived in confinement and isolation on Lipari from 1926 until shortly before his death in 1930 or 1931.<br /></span>
Luigi Galleani
Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari
1930
23 x 15cm; 232 p.
Italian
<em><strong>La fine dell' anarchismo? </strong></em>[The End of Anarchism?] <strong>New York: Ed. curata da vecchi lettori di <em>Cronica Sovversiva</em>, 1925.</strong>
This is in part the transcript of an interview between socialist and anarchist writer and attorney for the anarchists, Francesco Saverio Merlino, and Cesare Sobrero of the Italian daily, <em>La Stampa</em>, and in part, following the interview, Galleani’s analysis of the discussion, and his response to Merlino’s claim to the reporter that anarchism was dead. A translated excerpt appears in Durante.<br /><br />One of the adventures of Merlino recounted brilliantly by Eugenio Camillo Branchi during this period was the duel between the “cold, Nordic” Merlino and the “suave and dashing” Mussolini, then director of the Popolo d’Italia, in the December 1927 issue of <em>Il Carroccio</em>, q.v.<br /><br />Preceding the title page (and reproduced here) is a lengthy printed “inscription” by Galleani in his handwriting “to comrades in America, in remembrance of the battles fought together for so many years,” poignantly penned at the time of publication (1925), subsequent to his 1919 deportation from the U.S. back to Italy and subsequent imprisonment. <br /><br />Many years later (in 1982), about five years before his death in 1987, this work was translated into English by Galleani adherent, and long-time editor of <em>L’Adunata dei Refrattari</em>, Raffaele Schiavina, assisted by Robert D’Attilio, and published in the series Biblioteca Circolo Studi Sociali.
Luigi Galleani
Ed. curata da vecchi lettori di <em>Cronica Sovversiva</em>
1925
17.5 x 13cm; 130 p.
Italian
<em><strong>Aneliti e singulti. Medaglioni</strong> </em>[Yearnings and Sobs. Sketches]. <strong>Newark: Biblioteca de <em>L'Adunata dei Refrattari</em>, 1935.</strong>
This work was <em>published</em> in Newark by the <em>Adunata dei Refrattari</em>, the successor to the <em>Cronaca Sovversiv</em>a led by Raffaele Schiavina (Max Sartin) after his <em>sub rosa</em> return to America some time after his deportation in 1919. <br /><br />However, this work was actually <em>printed</em> in Italy (Industria Grafica Speroni, Milano). I have not observed this practice in any of the other works published by the <em>Adunata</em>, but it was not at all unusual for such Italian works published by other U.S. publishers in this period to be printed in Italy.
Luigi Galleani
Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari
1935
22 x 15.5cm; 363 p.
Italian
<em><strong>Contro la guerra, contro la pace, per la rivoluzione sociale</strong> </em>[Against War, Against Peace, for the Social Revolution]. <strong>Newark: Biblioteca de <em>L'Adunata dei Refrattari</em>, [c. 1930]</strong>
This work contains two essays of Galleani's, <em>Per la guerra, per la neutralita o per la pace?</em> (pp. 5-60) and<em> Contro la guerra, contro la pace, per la rivoluzione!</em> (lacking the word "sociale" at the end)(pp. 61-74), the first appearing to be the same but the second not, from the versions published in <em>Una battaglia.</em>
Luigi Galleani
Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari
[c. 1930]
22 x 15.5cm; 74 p.
Italian
<em><strong>Viva l'anarchia! </strong></em>[Hooray for Anarchy!]<strong> Newark: <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em>, [1931].</strong>
<span>Three-panel folded keepsake from the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em>, on heavy stock, enunciating the principles of how long anarchism will have to exist - so long as all the injustices of the world remain. <br /><br />Luigi Galleani was one of the anarchist movement’s most eloquent writers and spellbinding orators, heir to the great Errico Malatesta in Italy and elsewhere, a political agitator and charismatic anarchist leader, and a prolific political publisher. Mentor to Sacco and Vanzetti, the peripatetic Galleani was born in Italy, and lived in various venues in the U.S. from 1901 until he was deported back to Italy in 1919. <br /><br />He first settled in Paterson, New Jersey in 1901 to be the editor of the then-most important anarchist journal, <em>La Questione Sociale</em>. Then, after starting the newspaper <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> [Subversive Chronicle] in 1903, he moved to Lynn, Mass. (see his <em>Madri d’Italia</em>, under the pseudonym Mentana), until the postmaster in Lynn refused to mail <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> and his books, at which time he repaired to Barre, Vermont (see his <em>Verso il comunismo</em>, among other examples of publications from that venue). He was prosecuted for violating anti-leftist laws, especially the 1918 Anarchist Exclusion Act.<br /><br />This act, which permitted the government to shut down publication of the <em>Cronaca Sovversiva</em> in that year (and deport Galleani and other editors of the newspaper subsequently), had been passed by Congress largely in response to the bombings that Galleani incited his followers to undertake (see his <em>Faccia a faccia col nemico</em>) through his publications as well as his personal direction: he even published a manual on how to make bombs (“La salute è in voi!” [Your salvation is up to you!]). <br /><br />Galleani’s deportation in 1919 arose as much from his newspaper and pamphlet publications that were themselves regarded by the authorities as incitements to violence, as it did from his actual and attempted bombings. He and his followers of the individualist school of anarchism were wary of not only electoral politics but also of syndicalism, i.e., the use of trade unions to bring industry and government under the control by direct action, such as strikes and sabotage, the preferred methods of Carlo Tresca, among others. <br /><br />Because of these doctrinal differences, as well as Tresca’s immense personal charm and popularity, which Galleani was said to have envied, Galleani’s followers were even more determined to destroy the reputation and thus the effectiveness of Tresca, despite the anti-fascist views they shared in the 1920s and 1930s.<br /></span>
Luigi Galleani
Cronaca Sovversiva
[1931]
27 x 17cm; 1 p.
Italian
<strong><em>Faccia a faccia col nemico: cronache giudiziarie dell'anarchismo militante</em> </strong>[Face to Face with the Enemy: Judicial chronicles of militant anarchism].<strong> East Boston: Edizione Del Gruppo Autonomo, 1914.</strong>
This text is a lengthy work containing fifteen articles and essays from (and printed by the book publishing arm of) the anarchist<em> Cronaca Sovversiva</em>, led by author Luigi Galleani, describing various bombings by militant anarchists and their trials that inevitably followed, though prior to the more famous 1917–1918 bombings discussed in Angelo Faggi’s <em>Uno storico processo di classe</em>. <br /><br />The best-known members of the militant Gruppo Autonomo, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, worshipped Galleani as “our master.” The possession of radical literature like this work, and the need to hide it from the authorities, were the likely cause of the arrest, a few years later, of Sacco and Vanzetti, on May 5, 1920. That occurred during the course of a roundup of Galleanisti, who were suspected of taking part in recent bombings. In the process, the two men were linked to the South Braintree robbery in the wake of a failed attempt to retrieve the car, under repair, they needed, probably in order to collect and hide radical literature like <em>Faccia a faccia. </em>
Luigi Mentana [Galleani]
Edizione Del Gruppo Autonomo
1914
23 x 16.5cm; 504 p.
Italian