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                  <text>These largely non-political works reflect a broad pallette of non-fiction reflections on the history of Italians in the U.S., travel literature, biographies (like that of the Peanut King, Obici), or the religious, like Sister, later Mother, and final Saint Cabrini.</text>
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                  <text>In these non-fiction works, Italians reflected upon themselves and their American experiences. Representing the non-&lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt; type of immigrant, who were more interested in becoming American and “making it” in America than in stoking class warfare and remaking society, They began to place themselves in the context of contemporary American society and the history in America. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The release in 1921 of Alfredo Bosi’s &lt;em&gt;Cinquant’anni di vita italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, the first history of Italians in the United States, represented a watershed - the first 50 years of Italians in America - and allegedly arose from a conversation between journalist Bosi and King Vittorio Emanuele of Italy in 1901, in which the king expressed curiosity about the Italian colony in America. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Luigi Roversi’s biography of Palma di Cesnola proudly places that Italian within the august homes of white Anglo-Saxon Protestant America, into which di Cesnola had married, and where he ruled as the first director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More than the first half of Flamma’s “biography” of the greatest mayor New York City had ever seen, Fiorello LaGuardia, has little to do with La Guardia, unfortunately, but the work did reflect his obvious pride that after electing mayors in 29 other cities, Italians “finally” elected (in 1933) a mayor of Italian heritage to the country’s most important city. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The directories discussed here, from New York to San Francisco, provide a particularly rich source of information about the different businesses and professions Italians had in virtually every state of the union, from as early as the 1880s (in San Francisco) to the first few decades of the 20th Century (primarily in New York).</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gli Italiani negli Stati Uniti d'America&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [Italians in the United States]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Italian American Directory Co., 1906.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Published as a result of the organizing committee of the 1906 Milan Exposition directing Italian Chambers of Commerce around the world to prepare a volume in a series about “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;gli Italiani all’estero”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; (Italians abroad), this Italian-language work was an ambitious one, a collaboration with, and actually published by, the same publisher in the year following the more conventional &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;1905 Italian American Directory &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;(q.v.). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Part I of this rare elephant folio work contains essays by what can be considered an all-star cast of Italian writers, all of whom are featured in the collection, from then inspector of immigration Adolfo Rossi on Italian manpower in the U.S., Alfonso Arbib-Costa on Italians in public schools, Alfredo Bosi, on the failure of the Italian colony in New York to establish a true Italian school, Bernardino Ciambelli on Columbus Day, and Amy Bernardy on the Italians of Boston. Part II comprises 290 of the 473-page total, and is a directory of advertisements and summaries of Italian American businesses. Included here is a description &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;of Francesco Tocci and his Emporium Press, both of which publishers are represented in the Collection. There Tocci describes his goal of helping make Italian books available and popular among Americans as well as Italians. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;See the essay by Robert Viscusi, “Universal Exposition,” under "Essays" on the website, for a brilliant dissection of the multiple meanings and purposes of this volume.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>These largely non-political works reflect a broad pallette of non-fiction reflections on the history of Italians in the U.S., travel literature, biographies (like that of the Peanut King, Obici), or the religious, like Sister, later Mother, and final Saint Cabrini.</text>
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                  <text>In these non-fiction works, Italians reflected upon themselves and their American experiences. Representing the non-&lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt; type of immigrant, who were more interested in becoming American and “making it” in America than in stoking class warfare and remaking society, They began to place themselves in the context of contemporary American society and the history in America. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The release in 1921 of Alfredo Bosi’s &lt;em&gt;Cinquant’anni di vita italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, the first history of Italians in the United States, represented a watershed - the first 50 years of Italians in America - and allegedly arose from a conversation between journalist Bosi and King Vittorio Emanuele of Italy in 1901, in which the king expressed curiosity about the Italian colony in America. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Luigi Roversi’s biography of Palma di Cesnola proudly places that Italian within the august homes of white Anglo-Saxon Protestant America, into which di Cesnola had married, and where he ruled as the first director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More than the first half of Flamma’s “biography” of the greatest mayor New York City had ever seen, Fiorello LaGuardia, has little to do with La Guardia, unfortunately, but the work did reflect his obvious pride that after electing mayors in 29 other cities, Italians “finally” elected (in 1933) a mayor of Italian heritage to the country’s most important city. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The directories discussed here, from New York to San Francisco, provide a particularly rich source of information about the different businesses and professions Italians had in virtually every state of the union, from as early as the 1880s (in San Francisco) to the first few decades of the 20th Century (primarily in New York).</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italiani di America: Enciclopedia Biografica Vol. III &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[Italians in America: Biographical Encyclopedia Vol. III].&lt;strong&gt; New York: Cocce Brothers, 1949.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>While this work calls itself "Volume III," it's really more a reprint of the original work from 13 years before but supplemented by additional names. Clearly, the original was successful enough that Flamma (or Cocce Press) thought it worthwhile to issue augmented versions of the first one. The University of Minnesota has a copy of Volume II.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Flamma (b. Caltanissetta, Sicily, 1882; d. New York, 1961) emigrated to America in the first decade of the 20th century. During the First World War, he was a volunteer in the U.S. army. He lived in Chicago as secretary of the Italian Chamber of Commerce, and then moved to New York, where between 1922 and 1924 he was the director of the magazine &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Vaglio&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;. “I have been in America for ten years, stubbornly following the bitter and harsh path of art. I am still surprised that I have not yet forgotten my Italian, given that the three million Italians in America speak every dialect but Italian.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Flamma claimed preeminence for having pioneered attempts to draw middle-class themes onto the popular stage of New York’s Little Italy (though he also boasted of successes on Broadway). He was one of the few Italian writers of the era who managed to get his work translated into English.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;While there is much on Flamma's life in Durante in his introduction to the excerpt published there, Durante notes that Flamma was not reliable on such questions. Indeed, the researches of Stefano Morello in New York reveal that, among other things: Flamma's real name was Domenico Pignato; he pretended to have been born in Rome; he was escaping a marriage made in Italy under his real name - hence, the name change; before emigrating to the U.S., he published &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Volfango: dramma in quattro atti&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;in 1900 in Caltanisseta (adding his French mother's name, Audibert, after his real name of Domenico Pignato), published by Stabilimento Tipografico Ospizio provinciale di beneficenza of Umberto I, which was the printing press of a provincial charitable institution in Italy named for King Umberto I; and other interesting facts.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>These largely non-political works reflect a broad pallette of non-fiction reflections on the history of Italians in the U.S., travel literature, biographies (like that of the Peanut King, Obici), or the religious, like Sister, later Mother, and final Saint Cabrini.</text>
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                <text>Flamma &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;(b. Cattomosetta, Sicily, 1882; d. New York, 1961) &lt;/span&gt;first emigrated to the United States in 1909. During the First World War, he was a volunteer with the American army. He lived in Chicago, where he worked as secretary of the Italian Chamber of Commerce, and then in New York, where between 1922 and 1924, he was the director of &lt;em&gt;Il Vaglio&lt;/em&gt; (Screen). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flamma included biographical entries for writers and other literary types, printers (e.g., the Cocce brothers), publishers, and artists - &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;(indeed, “pubblicista,” free-lance journalist, is perhaps the profession that appears most frequently in the work); and one can learn about musicians of the time, such as Salvatore Iodice, the composer of Giuseppe Cadicamo’s opera &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;La Montanina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flamma thus performed a real service for researchers on the lives of Italian Americans beyond the businessmen, lawyers and doctors who make up the bulk of entries in Giovanni Schiavo's otherwise useful &lt;em&gt;Who's Who of Italian Americans, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;issued annually between 1935 and 1967&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;After its publication in 1936, this work was reissued as “Volume II” in 1941 (by S. F. Vanni) and as “Volume III” in 1949 (again by Cocce, this latter volume in the collection), with some additions and deletions. Only the University of Minnesota seems to have Vol. II.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The collection also contains several volumes of Flamma's plays in Italian and English, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Attempting to fill the same need that American city directories had long performed, this Italian American directory is notable for its national (and international) scope. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It leaves no possible advertising space unused, with a lively multicolored stamped cloth cover and even text inked to the fore-edge (for “Maffei &amp;amp; Co.,” who were “Consegnatori, Agenti &amp;amp; Rappresentanti [di] Prodotti Alimentari e Vini” [Consignors, Agents and Representatives of Food Products and Wines] at 304 West Street in Manhattan. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The names and addresses of Italians in the directory were organized generally by City, but in New York, even by borough, and then by trade. Italians in 44 of the then-48 states as well as Washington, D.C. were listed by name, and organized by county and trade. This is immensely useful; for example, it permitted me to see the number of Italian book sellers and publishers in various cities and states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A demographic map of the U.S. shows the distribution of Italians across the country, and their population in each state. New York easily held the largest Italian population, with 612,128 Italians (including my grandfather, Joseph Periconi, listed under “barbers,” at 1703 Madison Avenue in East Harlem in Manhattan). The states are ranked down, with second most populous, Pennsylvania, with a population of 241,425 Italians, and Oklahoma with the fewest, with 76.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Among the Italian language book seller and publisher advertisers from New York was that of the author of the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; Nuovissima grammatica accelerata,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; Angelo De Gaudenzi (q.v.), here “editore e librai” (publisher and bookseller), which offered “at your request to send a ‘prospectus’ for the establishment of a bookstore to be supplied with books at reasonable prices.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Italian American Directory Company published two other works that are in the Collection: the monumental elephant folio &lt;em&gt;Gli Italiani negli Stati Uniti d'America&lt;/em&gt; and the &lt;em&gt;Guida alla salute: Il come prevenire le malattie, come curarle, come riguadagnare la salute, estesa descrizione delle cause, sintomi, e trattamento di tutte le malattie del corpo umano con un capitolo sul matrimonio e la vita&lt;/em&gt; sessuale [[Guide to Health: How to anticipate illnesses, how to treat them, how to regain health, extensive description of the causes, symptoms, and treatment of all illnesses of the human body with a chapter on marriage and sexual life], q.v.&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;All three works by that publisher were published within a year or so of each other.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Società Anonima per lo Sviluppo del Commercio Italo-Americano </text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>New York: The Italian American Directory Co.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1905</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>Italian</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>23.5 x 16cm; 128 p.</text>
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        <name>1901-1910</name>
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        <name>Angelo De Gaudenzi</name>
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        <name>bookseller</name>
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        <name>bookstore ads</name>
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        <name>directory</name>
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        <name>grammar</name>
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        <name>guidebook</name>
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        <name>Italian American Directory</name>
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        <name>New York</name>
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