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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Political subversives III: Fascists and anti-fascists&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Anti-Fascist movement embraced diverse leftists, including Carlo Tresca, as noted above. Opposition to Mussolini from the left was reflected by activities of the Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America, which formed common ground for anarchists, socialists/syndicalists and communists to temporarily set aside their differences and unite against fascist oppression.  Gone, at least temporarily, were the debates about proper philosophy of the left: the goal was to unite in order to defeat fascism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As for fascism itself, its roots were in the nationalist fervor stoked by Italy’s late 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century imperialist ventures in Africa, which are reflected in several items in the collection. Fascism itself&lt;span&gt;, with its &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_radicalism"&gt;radical&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; nationalist agenda, &lt;/span&gt;came to prominence in the first quarter of 20th-century Europe, originating in Italy during&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"&gt;World War I&lt;/a&gt;.  Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party, a right-wing organization which launched a campaign of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents, and forced the king in 1922 to name him the Prime Minister as a result of the fascists’ show of force in the March on Rome.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In America, active fascist supporters started two magazines that vied for primacy with Mussolini as instruments of the Fascist Party in America. Agostino de Biasi’s &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, (The Chariot) was published from 1915 until 1935 - most years of the magazine are in the collection - with a circulation of about 10,000–12,000, long-lived initially but ultimately with a circulation of only about one-third of Domenico Trombetta’s far more militant &lt;em&gt;Il Grido della Stirpe&lt;/em&gt; (The Cry of the Race), which became the largest circulation pro-fascist periodical at about 30,000 at its height in the mid-late 1920s, dropping to about 5,000 in the late 1930s as Italian Americans soured on Mussolini.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mussolini also promoted teaching the Italian language to Italian American schoolchildren, reflected in several items in the collection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Both fascist and therefore anti-fascist activities were not confined to New York, Chicago and other big cities. By the early 1920s, Fascist Party cells in the United States were present in Buffalo, Albany, Rochester and Syracuse.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This section of the collection reflects tensions between fascists and anti-fascists. But the anti-fascist movement in the U.S. among Italians and others had far less to fear from Mussolini than did such dissidents in Italy itself. Savage portrayals and caricatures of Mussolini and of fascism are fully reflected in the collection.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rapsodie Mussoliniane: a cura del Gruppo Legionari AOI dell'Associazione Italiani all'estero&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/em&gt;[Mussolinian Rhapsodies] edited by the Gruppo Legionari AOI of the Association of Italians Abroad]. &lt;strong&gt;Alburnus Publishing Co.: New York, 1938 - XVII.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The author of this poetic paen to Mussolini, born in Ottati (SA) in Campagna, was an optometrist or ophthalmologist whose office was in Brooklyn. He is not found in either Schiavo or Flamma. &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, q.v., reports in Vol. XVI - No. 1 (July 31, 1922) that Dr. Aquaro-Deodati had just returned from a pleasant two-year stay in Italy with his wife Aurora. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This copy was given to the collection by Mario Donatelli, an Italian teacher in New York; he is the son of lawyer Mario A. Donatelli, the recipient of this inscribed copy.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have not found any information about the Alburnus Publishing Company, or about the printer, the Cappabianca Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Dr. Beniamino Aquaro-Deodati</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Faccetta nera liberata. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[sheet music]. San Francisco: Canessa Print, 193?</text>
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                <text>Guido Trento</text>
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                <text>The composer, Guido Trento (b. Rome 1892- d. San Francisco 1957), emigrated to the U.S. at a very young age, was primarily an actor in Italian films, also engaged in dubbing of films. He was interned along with other Italian Americans at a minimum security concentration camp in Missoula, Montana, where quite a few of the inmates for a few years intermarried with Americans who lived in Missoula, about which camp much has been written.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Part of the proceeds of the sale of this sheet music were said on the cover of the sheet music to go to the "Dopo Scuola Italiana."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One other item in the Collection was printed a couple of decades before by Canessa, located on Montgomery Street in San Francisco, &lt;em&gt;Per la libertà! (dalle mie conversazioni col Conte di Rudio, complice de Felice Orsini)&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[For Liberty! (of my conversations with Count di Rudio, accomplice of Felice Orsini)]. San Francisco: Canessa Printing Co., 1913.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in &lt;em&gt;Parole Colletive&lt;/em&gt;, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the &lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt;. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist &lt;em&gt;Vita&lt;/em&gt;, Vincenzo Vacirca’s &lt;em&gt;Il Solco&lt;/em&gt;, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist &lt;em&gt;Zarathustra&lt;/em&gt;, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist &lt;em&gt;Eresia&lt;/em&gt;, all of which are reflected in the collection. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt; was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt; into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country.</text>
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                  <text>While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rivista d'Italia e d'America&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/em&gt;[Magazine&lt;span&gt; of Italy and of &lt;em&gt;America]&lt;strong&gt;/ Italy-America Review.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;New York: Casa ed. della "Rivista d'Italia e d'America", 1926. Anno IV, Num. XI (novembre 1926).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>This magazine "of Italy and of America," or in English "Italy-America Review," published in Rome, nominally has editorial addresses also in New York and Cordoba, Argentina, this last reflecting the magazine's boast that it covers Italian life in South as well as North America. That this November 1926 issue is "Year 4" means the first issue appeared just before or at the time of Mussolini's March on Rome. Yet, unlike articles in, say, &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, there are no articles by Mussolini or that otherwise assault the reader, by their titles, with a blind adherence to fascism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While mostly written in Italian, with articles by several Italian Parliament deputies, the table of contents notes a few articles written in English or in Spanish. Indeed, reflecting the Central and South American orientation, there are "lettere dalla Colombia," "L'Uruguay" (by the consul of Uruguay to Florence), "Gli italiani di Panama," and "Italia e Brasile." The overall impression one is meant to get, I think, is that Italians are all over the Americas and yet they still have a loyalty to the mother country. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a somewhat curiously titled article, "I tre ultimi grandi libri americani [the last three great American books]," but, disappointingly at least to me, they are books by Calvin Coolidge, Henry Ford and Andrew Carnegie. A short story by Grazia Deledda graces the last pages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The advertisements in this American edition are of American (mostly Italian) businesses; one imagines that the South American issues of the magazine advertize South American businesses.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 5 [Facsimile].  New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., 1919. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosoto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Political subversives III: Fascists and anti-fascists&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Anti-Fascist movement embraced diverse leftists, including Carlo Tresca, as noted above. Opposition to Mussolini from the left was reflected by activities of the Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America, which formed common ground for anarchists, socialists/syndicalists and communists to temporarily set aside their differences and unite against fascist oppression.  Gone, at least temporarily, were the debates about proper philosophy of the left: the goal was to unite in order to defeat fascism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As for fascism itself, its roots were in the nationalist fervor stoked by Italy’s late 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century imperialist ventures in Africa, which are reflected in several items in the collection. Fascism itself&lt;span&gt;, with its &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_radicalism"&gt;radical&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; nationalist agenda, &lt;/span&gt;came to prominence in the first quarter of 20th-century Europe, originating in Italy during&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"&gt;World War I&lt;/a&gt;.  Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party, a right-wing organization which launched a campaign of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents, and forced the king in 1922 to name him the Prime Minister as a result of the fascists’ show of force in the March on Rome.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In America, active fascist supporters started two magazines that vied for primacy with Mussolini as instruments of the Fascist Party in America. Agostino de Biasi’s &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, (The Chariot) was published from 1915 until 1935 - most years of the magazine are in the collection - with a circulation of about 10,000–12,000, long-lived initially but ultimately with a circulation of only about one-third of Domenico Trombetta’s far more militant &lt;em&gt;Il Grido della Stirpe&lt;/em&gt; (The Cry of the Race), which became the largest circulation pro-fascist periodical at about 30,000 at its height in the mid-late 1920s, dropping to about 5,000 in the late 1930s as Italian Americans soured on Mussolini.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mussolini also promoted teaching the Italian language to Italian American schoolchildren, reflected in several items in the collection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Both fascist and therefore anti-fascist activities were not confined to New York, Chicago and other big cities. By the early 1920s, Fascist Party cells in the United States were present in Buffalo, Albany, Rochester and Syracuse.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This section of the collection reflects tensions between fascists and anti-fascists. But the anti-fascist movement in the U.S. among Italians and others had far less to fear from Mussolini than did such dissidents in Italy itself. Savage portrayals and caricatures of Mussolini and of fascism are fully reflected in the collection.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La secessione della "Sons of Italy Grand Lodge": Studi polemici sui diversi problemi degl'italiani in America; con prefazione del Dr. Ornello Simone&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [The Secession of the "Sons of Italy Lodge": Polemical Studies on Various Problems of Italians in America, with a preface by Dr. Ornello Simone]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Colamco Press, 1926.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This one-of-a-kind 1926 volume tells of the internal struggles of the Sons of Italy during the fascist era about whether to support the fascist regime in Italy. Benanti seems to have been pro-fascist, but see discussion below of his later collaboration with Riccardo Cordiferro. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The work contains discussion of the anti-fascist Fiorella LaGuardia (and farther left Carlo Tresca), Luigi Roversi, Salvatore Cotillo and Arturo Giovannitti. Reference is made to &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt;. Benanti seems to belittle anti-fascists and would-be anti-fascists throughout. He also discusses meetings of the organization in Yonkers, Amsterdam (NY), Buffalo and Star Casino, New York, among other places, and various Italian charitable institutions in New York.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is an unusually handsomely produced volume, in orange cloth, gold stamped title and author on the cover (though not on the spine). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This copy contains what could be a unique leaf, tipped in to the front free endpaper, with a typewritten (not printed) presentation to His Majesty Vittorio Emmanuele III, King of Italy. Benanti ends his lengthy dedication: "[To You], the author of this book enthusiastically and devotedly offers this work in tribute," followed by a handwritten autograph and "Columbus Day 1926." Examination of other copies will confirm (or not) whether this copy is unique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Schiavo (1940 version of &lt;em&gt;Italian-American Who's Who&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. V, New York: Vigo Press) has an entry of Benanti as author and physician: he was born in Marineo, Palermo, Italy, 1875; in America since 1906; U.S. citizen, 1911. Married to Gilda Olivieri, 1913. Doctor at Long Island College Hospital, 1910. Lists the present work, and &lt;em&gt;Studi critici&lt;/em&gt; (see below); the third book of Benanti, 1941, post-dates this entry. There is no entry in either volume of Flamma, though Benanti, as medical doctor, is just the kind of Italian American professional in New York who often appeared in Flamma.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Durante in the original lists this work only. When I edited the bibliography of the American edition of that work, however, I found two other works of his, &lt;em&gt;Studi critici di dinamica sociale&lt;/em&gt;. New York: &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt; (1928), with a preface by Riccardo Cordiferro, copies of which are in the Columbia and University of Minnesota libraries and mentioned in Schiavo; and &lt;em&gt;Follie e questioni del giorno&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Eugene Printing (1941), which I cannot locate in any library. Neither is in the collection.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That Cordiferro would publish, much less preface a work by Benanti in 1928, when Benanti had only two years before, in the present work, derided anti-fascists, is something of a mystery.</text>
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                <text>Dr. Salvatore Benanti</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Political subversives III: Fascists and anti-fascists&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Anti-Fascist movement embraced diverse leftists, including Carlo Tresca, as noted above. Opposition to Mussolini from the left was reflected by activities of the Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America, which formed common ground for anarchists, socialists/syndicalists and communists to temporarily set aside their differences and unite against fascist oppression.  Gone, at least temporarily, were the debates about proper philosophy of the left: the goal was to unite in order to defeat fascism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As for fascism itself, its roots were in the nationalist fervor stoked by Italy’s late 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century imperialist ventures in Africa, which are reflected in several items in the collection. Fascism itself&lt;span&gt;, with its &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_radicalism"&gt;radical&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; nationalist agenda, &lt;/span&gt;came to prominence in the first quarter of 20th-century Europe, originating in Italy during&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"&gt;World War I&lt;/a&gt;.  Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party, a right-wing organization which launched a campaign of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents, and forced the king in 1922 to name him the Prime Minister as a result of the fascists’ show of force in the March on Rome.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In America, active fascist supporters started two magazines that vied for primacy with Mussolini as instruments of the Fascist Party in America. Agostino de Biasi’s &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, (The Chariot) was published from 1915 until 1935 - most years of the magazine are in the collection - with a circulation of about 10,000–12,000, long-lived initially but ultimately with a circulation of only about one-third of Domenico Trombetta’s far more militant &lt;em&gt;Il Grido della Stirpe&lt;/em&gt; (The Cry of the Race), which became the largest circulation pro-fascist periodical at about 30,000 at its height in the mid-late 1920s, dropping to about 5,000 in the late 1930s as Italian Americans soured on Mussolini.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mussolini also promoted teaching the Italian language to Italian American schoolchildren, reflected in several items in the collection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Both fascist and therefore anti-fascist activities were not confined to New York, Chicago and other big cities. By the early 1920s, Fascist Party cells in the United States were present in Buffalo, Albany, Rochester and Syracuse.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This section of the collection reflects tensions between fascists and anti-fascists. But the anti-fascist movement in the U.S. among Italians and others had far less to fear from Mussolini than did such dissidents in Italy itself. Savage portrayals and caricatures of Mussolini and of fascism are fully reflected in the collection.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pervertimento: L'Antifascismo di Carlo Fama&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [Depravity: the anti-fascism of Carlo Fama]. &lt;strong&gt;New York: Libreria del Grido della Stirpe, [n.d.]&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Trombetta (b. Aquila, 1885 - d. New York, ca. 1950s) was a freelance journalist who immigrated to the U.S. in 1903, became an American citizenship, and then lost it. He began his journalistic career at the &lt;em&gt;L’Italia Nostra&lt;/em&gt; (Our Italy), a weekly interventionist paper founded by erstwhile socialist Edmondo Rossoni. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Changing political stripes toward fascism at the same time as Rossoni but without the latter’s ambivalent feelings, in 1923 Trombetta founded the violently polemical fascist bi-weekly &lt;em&gt;Il Grido della Stirpe&lt;/em&gt;, whose circulation soon more than doubled that of de Biasi’s politically similar, better known and long-lived, but less strident &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Grido&lt;/em&gt; was sued repeatedly for libel, from which Trombetta, who eventually became a leading voice of Italian American fascism, usually escaped unscathed. However, in 1942, the process of "snaturalizzazione" or denaturalization was commenced, leading to Trombetta's arrest, loss of American citizenship, and his detention at Ellis Island, as reported in the October 1, 1942 issue of the Mazzini Society's newspaper, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While “pervertimento” can mean more broadly “corruption” or “depravity,” Trombetta also, rather speculatively, calls Fama (at p. 127) “pervertito,” a pervert and a degenerate. Fama, a respected medical doctor, Presbyterian minister and Republican Party supporter, was a particularly effective and unusual anti-fascist: as one of the few whose anti-fascism did not arise from a radical politics or labor militancy, he had a respectability that gave special credibility to his severe critique of and charges about fascist activities.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Learning the languages: For Americans and Italians&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Grammars and dictionaries - at first, imported from Italy, ones teaching English to native Italian speakers - were later supplemented by "home-grown" (that is, made in America) grammars especially designed for Italian immigrants, not like the grammars of decades before, designed for Italians in Italy wanting to learn English. </text>
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                  <text>The “languages” here are, of course, both English and Italian. In ways that I could not begin to perceive when I started collecting works in Italian, it was by no means a one-way street - that is, with Italian immigrants just wanting to learn English, with Italian as the vehicle to ease their way into learning English. Indeed, the two efforts are intimately related. &#13;
&#13;
First comes the “pre-history” to the world of the late 19th/early 20th century immigrants to New York and elsewhere in the U.S., namely, a period earlier in the 19th century, when Americans wanted to learn Italian, whether in colleges or with private lessons. This effort starts with Lorenzo Da Ponte, who came to the United States in 1805, and whose impact in those years cannot be overstated.&#13;
&#13;
Beginning with Da Ponte in the early 19th century, and continuing throughout the century, Italians delighted in teaching Americans how to read, speak and write in Italian. This collection of poetry was gathered mostly as teaching material – grammars, readers and dictionaries – that were in widespread use in the United States, primarily in the Northeast. Da Ponte wrote and published simple dramas for his private students and for those at Columbia College, where he became its first professor of Italian in 1825.  Da Ponte and his brother Carlo maintained a bookstore as well.  They shipped such publications throughout the United States wherever Italian was taught. Italian exiles in mid-century taught Italian to Americans eager to learn the language.&#13;
&#13;
Much later, in the late 19th century, Augusto Bassetti, Angelo De Gaudenzi and Francesco Zanolini, developed their own grammars, dictionaries and readers specifically designed to teach English to Italian immigrants. But the goal was also stated to be (particularly in Bassetti’s case) to help Italians simultaneously improve their knowledge of standard Italian, and thus enable them to read the Italian-language newspapers and even more the book-length publications that would soon come rolling out of print shops in New York and San Francisco. &#13;
&#13;
In the early 20th century, Alfonso Arbib-Costa published a series of “lezione” books designed to help Italian natives to learn English, as well as English-speakers to learn Italian. Perhaps even more significantly, Arbib-Costa’s lesson books, and those of Alberto Pecorino, helped Italian immigrants who brought to America largely an oral language, more typically dialect than standard Italian, learn how to read standard Italian.  This development created and sustained a class of readers for the newspapers and magazines, and ultimately, the critical mass necessary for the development of a literary culture.&#13;
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Grammatica Italiana per le scuole italiane all'estero; illustrazioni di testi&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;[Italian Grammar [illustrated, {fascist} Year XV]: for Italian schools abroad]. &lt;strong&gt;Roma: Direzione Generale Italiani all'estero, 1937 - XV.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This is a good example of a textbook developed as part of the effort by the fascist government to encourage Italian language acquisition by Italians &lt;em&gt;fuori Italia&lt;/em&gt;, outside of Italy: note the government publisher, as well as "Anno [year] XV" of the fascist regime emblazoned proudly on the cover, while only the title page prints the year 1937 as well as fascist year XV. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The textbook is quite elegant in its own way, beginning with the gentle observation that of all the animals, most of which bark or meow, "solamente l'uomo possiede la preziosa facoltà di esprimere i suoi pensieri per mezzo della parola [only man possesses the precious faculty of expressing his thoughts by means of the word]." One wonders if this was the best approach for emigrants from Italy to the American "colony" to learn the mother tongue. The work is notably not crammed with text, but with an almost lavish use of drawings taking up a significant fraction of the page. Printed in Lecco.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 36.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1932. &lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This six-month period of &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; in 1932 contains essays by Mussolini in nearly every monthly issue, as well as pro-fascist poetry in several issues by Rosa Zagnoni Marinoni, the poet laureate of Arkansas, and essays by Edward Corsi, Giuseppe Marconi, and other well-known Italians or Italian Americans who were not known as pro-fascist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See both the description in the 1915 volume (&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;) and in the "main entry," the last on the list below, with a hyperlink, for its history and place in Italian American publishing. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That a title page from a June 1934 issue appears in this volume that actually begins in 1932 is confusing, and perhaps due to a binding error.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The title of one essay by a non-Italian (P.W. Wilson) - "Two Men Who Stand As Symbols  - Pius XI and Mussolini," stands out.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some poems by one Anna Lannutti in the December issue stand out for the frequent phenomenon we have seen, of the politics of writers not necessarily being consistent with that of the magazine: Lannutti was the dedicatee of inscriptions by Riccardo Cordiferro of copies of several of his works (&lt;em&gt;Il prisco cavaliere&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;La vendetta&lt;/em&gt;, q.v.), also in the 1930s. Of course, that fact does not tell us per se that Lannutti's politics were those of the left-leaning Cordiferro and &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See both the description in the first entry below (&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;) and in the "main entry" (1915-1932) at the end for &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; for its history and place in Italian American publishing.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 34.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1931. &lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 28.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1928.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1926.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 23.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This six-month period includes Eugenio C. Branchi's "Sarete mia, Laura," a novella by Nelly Valgolio, and an essay by Mussolini (Jan.); an essay by Giovanni Preziosi (Feb.); a piece by futurist theorist F. T. Marinetti, "Come nacque il Fascismo" and poetry of Salvatore Cutino (March); another essay by Mussolini and some verse by Rosa Zagnoni Marinoni (April); more verse by Marinoni and "Italians are busy under Mussolini" (May); and two more essays by Mussolini (June).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See both the description in the 1915 volume below (&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 8-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;) and in the "main entry" at the end (1915-1932) for &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; for its history and place in Italian American publishing.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;While it would appear that this second volume should contain six issues - July through December - this volume only contains five issues, beginning with August; the last issue (December) is a double issue, numbered 11-12. It is unclear if July was skipped, as we do not have the earlier (first half of year) volume.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Agostino de Biasi (b. Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi [Avellino], 1875; d. New York, 1964) was in Italy the editor of the newspaper &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;L’Eco dell’Ofanto &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;(named after the Ofanto, a river that flows through Avellino) before immigrating to the United States in November 1900 to become managing editor of the newspaper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; Il Progresso Italo-Americano &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;(1900–1904; 1906–1911). De Biasi founded the conservative newspaper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; L’Opinione&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; in Philadelphia during his hiatus from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Il Progresso,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;also ran the newspaper &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Il Telegrafo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; bringing monarchist principles to all the newspapers he wrote for or directed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;In 1915, on the eve of Italy’s entrance into World War I, de Biasi founded &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, a monthly, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;which he directed, with a regular correspondent in Rome, Enrico Corradini. The first issue &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;announced his belief that “Italian emigrants — intellectuals and workers, those who are real Italians both in relation to foreigners and within themselves — must undertake the task of defending the name &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;of Italy by voice and with the pen, just as their brothers are charged with the defense of the frontier &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;with their weapons.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This serial publication also exhorted Italian Americans to return to Italy and fight against the central powers, though de Biasi never himself returned to Italy to do so. Slowly &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Il Carroccio &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;turned more fascist under his direction: he used the  April 30, 1921 issue to establish the New York Fascio (NYF), a fascist program comprised mainly of war veterans and former syndicalists. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But some time later, believing himself to have a “pure Fascist conscience,” de Biasi resigned from the NYF. When &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; began to publish confidential information, the Partito Nazionale Fascista (National Fascist Party, PNF) expelled de Biasi, and a fascist boycott against &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; may be said to have ruined the magazine. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De Biasi appealed to Mussolini for re-entrance into the PNF in 1930, which was granted in 1933. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, however, long eclipsed by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Il Grido della Stirpe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; in popularity among American fascist sympathizers, never regained its popularity, and was officially discontinued in 1935.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Its politics notwithstanding,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; Il Carroccio &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;played a positive role in promoting non-political, Italian-language, American literary output, especially from two talented women writers, Dora Colonna and Caterina Maria Avella; excerpts from novellas that each can be found in translation in the American edition of Durante. The magazine thus fairly enough called itself, on the cover of every issue, a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;“rivista di coltura” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;(magazine of culture), as well as one of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;“propaganda e difesa Italiana in America” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;(propaganda and defense of Italy in America).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Happily, this bound volume (unlike the many library-bound volumes in the run of issues in the Collection up to 1932) contains the striking color covers of each issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See further description and history of the magazine in the hyperlinked "main entry," the last in the list below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 12, No. 3&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., September 1920.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Agostino De Biasi</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>See both the description in the 1915 volume below (&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;) and in the "main entry" hyperlinked at the end (1915-1932) for &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio's&lt;/em&gt; history and place in Italian American publishing.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 9, No. 6&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Giugno [June] 1919. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Agostino De Biasi</text>
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                <text>Il Carroccio Publishing Co.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>See both the description in the 1915 volume below (&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;) and in the "main entry" hyperlinked at the end (1915-1932) for &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio's&lt;/em&gt; history and place in Italian American publishing.</text>
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                  <text>The collection is rich in hard to find magazines and/or newspapers like Ernesto Valentini's &lt;em&gt;Zarathustra&lt;/em&gt;, Vincenzo Vacirca's &lt;em&gt;Il Solco &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;La Strada&lt;/em&gt;, Aldino Felicani's &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Il Proletario&lt;/em&gt;, Enrico Arrigoni's &lt;em&gt;Eresia&lt;/em&gt;, Carlo Tresca's &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Guardia Rossa&lt;/em&gt;, Antonino Capraro's &lt;em&gt;Alba Nuova&lt;/em&gt;, Arturo Giovannitti's &lt;em&gt;Vita&lt;/em&gt;, Agostino De Biasi's &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;T. Lucidi's &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Guido Podrecca's and Gabriele Galantara's &lt;em&gt;L'Asino&lt;/em&gt; (this last mostly published in Rome) and others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As Francesco Durante rightly observed in &lt;em&gt;Italoamericana&lt;/em&gt;, understanding the contribution of journalism among Italian Americans - almost solely in Italian at the outset - to the community life, as well as to the culture of the immigrant community, is central to understanding that community. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Virtually all of the writers whose book-length works we see and celebrate in the collection, whether political or not, began their writing careers with newspaper or magazine writing. Some even immigrated to the U.S. precisely to do just that, but those were exceptional.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The politics of the magazines and newspapers ran the gamut from left to right, and some - e.g., &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt; - were not really political in that sense at all. The separation often observed between the political and the literary sections of the magazines is surprising and deserves examination all by itself: one can find the stories of Clara Vacirca, married to and sharing the political leanings of the socialist Vincenzo Vacirca, published in the right-wing &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, and less overtly political writers like Salvatore Benanti and Federico Mennella often contributed literary pieces to leftist periodicals like &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York. &lt;/em&gt;For example, Mennella wrote the dialect column for &lt;em&gt;La Follia &lt;/em&gt;for some time. The catholic nature of the magazines in the literary culture of the Italians reflected one of its strengths.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whatever the mixture of news from Italy and from America, whether "news events," or political or cultural commentary, short stories or poems, whether from Italians still in Italy or immigrants in the U.S. or translated from German, French. English or Russian - all of which were quite prevalent - or elaborations of philosophies of living, sometimes imported but sometimes "home-grown" in the U.S., the magazines and newspapers provide a rich insight into this world. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beyond the articles themselves were, in many cases, letters to the editors and lists of new subscribers (and the cities and towns they lived in), both of which enlarge our understanding of what parts of the immigrant community were reached and affected by the printed word. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This, too, is a subject that deserves close examination, and has been discussed recently, for example, in a fine essay by historian Adam Quinn discussing whether the &lt;em&gt;Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; of the anti-organizational anarchist Luigi Galleani was a "seditious rag" or a community newspaper - or both. Quinn clearly concludes that it was both. The same can be said for &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; and many of the other political magazines - they were part of the "glue" that held together the Italian community quite beyond their immediate political messages.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., 1915-1932.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The tone and political ideology of this long-lived magazine was always nationalistic (from inception, in 1915) and later (beginning in 1922, with the March on Rome) pro-fascist, as reflected in its largely political articles. But&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; Il Carroccio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; also published fiction and poetry of all types, both in serial publication and through its book publishing arm. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the most complete run of any of the Italian magazines in the Collection, although &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt; is not far behind, with 44 issues in the Collection. &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; was well-edited, and was also periodically indexed. It is possible to find essays, fiction or poetry of a variety of the Italian language writers in the Italian community in New York in those years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In particular, the magazine promoted and published the work of several Italian women, such as Caterina Maria Avella and Dora Colonna, both fiction writers, excerpts of whom are in Durante, as well as other writers reflected in the Collection, such as Eugenio Camillo Branchi. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Martino Marazzi's &lt;em&gt;Voices of Italian America: a History of Early italian American Literature with a Critical Anthology &lt;/em&gt;(Madison, 2004) also contains excerpts from &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; of Avella's work (Vol. 18, no. 2, Aug. 1923); Colonna's work (Vol. 24, no. 4, April 1926), and Eugenio Branchi's work (Vol. 24, no. 8, Aug. 1926) in translation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio,&lt;/em&gt; with a circulation was about 10,000–12,000, was one of two magazines that vied for primacy with Mussolini as organs of fascism in America.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; The other was Domenico Trombetta’s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; Il Grido della Stirpe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; (The Cry of the Race), which became the largest circulation pro-fascist periodical at about 30,000 at its height in the mid to late 1920s, dropping to about 5,000 in the late 1930s as Italian Americans soured on Mussolini. There are no copies of this latter magazine in the Collection (yet).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See additional descriptive material in the description in the 1915 volume.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Collection includes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 2, Vol. 3, No. 1 - Febbraio [February] 1916&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 2, Vol. [3], No. 3 - Marzo [March] 1916&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 2, Vol. 3, No. 4 - Aprile [April] 1916&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 2, Vol. 3, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1916&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 2, Vol. 4, No. 1 - Luglio [July] 1916&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 2, Vol. 4, No. 3 - Settembre [September] 1916&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 2, Vol. 4, No. 4 - Ottobre [October] 1916&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 3, Vol. 5, No. 2 - Febbraio [February] 1917&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 3, Vol. 5, No. 3 - Marzo [March] 1917&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 3, Vol. 5, No. 4 - Aprile [April] 1917&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 3, Vol. 6, No. 2 - Agosto [August] 1917&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 3, Vol. 6, No. 3 - Settembre [September] 1917&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 3, Vol. 6, No. 4 - Ottobre [October] 1917&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 3, Vol. 6, No. 5 - Novembre [November] 1917&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 3, Vol. 6, No. 6 - Dicembre [December] 1917&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 4, Vol. 7, No. 4 - Aprile [April] 1918&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 4, Vol. 7, No. 5-6 - Maggio [May] - Giugno [June] 1918&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 4, Vol. 8, No. 1 - Luglio [July] 1918&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 4, Vol. 8, No. 2 - Agosto [August] 1918&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 4, Vol. 8, No. 3 - Settembre [September] 1918&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 4, Vol. 8, No. 5 - Novembre [November] 1918&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 4, Vol. 8, No. 6 - Dicembre [December] 1918&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, Vol. 19, No. 1 - January 1924&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, Vol. 19, No. 2 - February 1924&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, Vol. 19, No. 3 - March 1924&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, Vol. 19, No. 4 - April 1924&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, Vol. 19, No. 5 - May 1924&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, Vol. 19, No. 6 - June 1924&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 10, Vol. 20, No. 2 - August 1924&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 10, Vol. 20, No. 3 - September 1924&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 10, Vol. 20, No. 4 - October 1924&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 10, Vol. 20, No. 5 - November 1924&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 10, Vol. 20, No. 6 - December 1924&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340"&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Newly added to the Collection are 11 of 12 issues from 1924, Volumes 19 and 20 (missing only is the July issue).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among well-known Italian writers, these issues in 1924 contain essays by Antonio Stella and Edmondo Rossoni, poetry by Simplicio Righi, Pascal D'Angelo, Louis Forgione, and Salvatore di Giacomo, and short stories by Caterina Avella.&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Agostino De Biasi</text>
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