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                  <text>The collection is rich in hard to find magazines and/or newspapers like Ernesto Valentini's &lt;em&gt;Zarathustra&lt;/em&gt;, Vincenzo Vacirca's &lt;em&gt;Il Solco &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;La Strada&lt;/em&gt;, Aldino Felicani's &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Il Proletario&lt;/em&gt;, Enrico Arrigoni's &lt;em&gt;Eresia&lt;/em&gt;, Carlo Tresca's &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Guardia Rossa&lt;/em&gt;, Antonino Capraro's &lt;em&gt;Alba Nuova&lt;/em&gt;, Arturo Giovannitti's &lt;em&gt;Vita&lt;/em&gt;, Agostino De Biasi's &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio, &lt;/em&gt;T. Lucidi's &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Guido Podrecca's and Gabriele Galantara's &lt;em&gt;L'Asino&lt;/em&gt; (this last mostly published in Rome) and others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As Francesco Durante rightly observed in &lt;em&gt;Italoamericana&lt;/em&gt;, understanding the contribution of journalism among Italian Americans - almost solely in Italian at the outset - to the community life, as well as to the culture of the immigrant community, is central to understanding that community. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Virtually all of the writers whose book-length works we see and celebrate in the collection, whether political or not, began their writing careers with newspaper or magazine writing. Some even immigrated to the U.S. precisely to do just that, but those were exceptional.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The politics of the magazines and newspapers ran the gamut from left to right, and some - e.g., &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt; - were not really political in that sense at all. The separation often observed between the political and the literary sections of the magazines is surprising and deserves examination all by itself: one can find the stories of Clara Vacirca, married to and sharing the political leanings of the socialist Vincenzo Vacirca, published in the right-wing &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, and less overtly political writers like Salvatore Benanti and Federico Mennella often contributed literary pieces to leftist periodicals like &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York. &lt;/em&gt;For example, Mennella wrote the dialect column for &lt;em&gt;La Follia &lt;/em&gt;for some time. The catholic nature of the magazines in the literary culture of the Italians reflected one of its strengths.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whatever the mixture of news from Italy and from America, whether "news events," or political or cultural commentary, short stories or poems, whether from Italians still in Italy or immigrants in the U.S. or translated from German, French. English or Russian - all of which were quite prevalent - or elaborations of philosophies of living, sometimes imported but sometimes "home-grown" in the U.S., the magazines and newspapers provide a rich insight into this world. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beyond the articles themselves were, in many cases, letters to the editors and lists of new subscribers (and the cities and towns they lived in), both of which enlarge our understanding of what parts of the immigrant community were reached and affected by the printed word. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This, too, is a subject that deserves close examination, and has been discussed recently, for example, in a fine essay by historian Adam Quinn discussing whether the &lt;em&gt;Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; of the anti-organizational anarchist Luigi Galleani was a "seditious rag" or a community newspaper - or both. Quinn clearly concludes that it was both. The same can be said for &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt; and many of the other political magazines - they were part of the "glue" that held together the Italian community quite beyond their immediate political messages.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controcorrente &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[Countercurrent].&lt;strong&gt; Boston, 1959-1965.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Controcorrente, &lt;/em&gt;Vol. XVI, No. 2 - Sept./Oct. 1959 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Controcorrente, &lt;/em&gt;Vol. XVI, No. 3 - Nov./Dec. 1959 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Controcorrente, &lt;/em&gt;Vol. 18, No. 1 - July/August 1961&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Controcorrente, &lt;/em&gt;Vol. 18, No. 6 - May/June 1962&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Controcorrente, &lt;/em&gt;Vol. 19, No. 4 - January/February 1963&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Controcorrente, &lt;/em&gt;Vol. 19, No. 5 - March/April 1963&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Controcorrente, &lt;/em&gt;Vol. 20, No. 1 - July/August 1963&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Controcorrente, &lt;/em&gt;Vol. 21, No. 1 - July/August 1964&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Controcorrente, &lt;/em&gt;Vol. 21, No. 3 - Spring 1965&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Controcorrente, &lt;/em&gt;Vol. 21, No. 4 - Summer 1965&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among the "friends of the magazine," a 1939 encomium by Carlo Tresca from the pages of "Il Mertello" graces the verso of the cover of the Summer 1965 issue, just before a list of subscribers. That issue contains articles by E. Rssi, Davide Jona, Aldino Felicani, James Wechsler, Mario Favro, G. Pederini, as well as by "Pietro" Kropotkin and Marat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The last few pages of the 1965 issues reproduce letters sent to the magazine by readers.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Divagando.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; New York, 1943-1951.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt; was a stylish monthly magazine, nearly all of whose articles were in Italian, begun in 1942-1943. Each issue contained a mix of essays, poetry, short stories, and columns. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Collection currently includes issues from 1943 to 1951:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 1, No. 17 - 2 giugno [June] 1943&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 1, No. 18 - 9 giugno [June] 1943&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 1, No. 20 - 23 giugno [June] 1943&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 1, No. 21 - 30 giugno [June] 1943&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 27 - 11 agosto [August] 1943&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 28 - 18 agosto [August] 1943&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 29 - 19 agosto [August] 1943&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 39 - 3 novembre [November] 1943&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 40 - 10 novembre [November] 1943&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 41 - 17 novembre [November] 1943&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 42 - 24 novembre [November] 1943&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 5, No. 126 - 14 febbraio [February] 1945&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando,&lt;/em&gt; Vol. 5, No. 128 - 18 luglio [July] 1945&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 6, No. 147 - 28 novembre 1945&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 7, No. 162 - 13 marzo [March] 1946&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 186 - 28 agosto 1946&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando,&lt;/em&gt; Vol. 8, No. 201 - 11 dicembre [December] 1946&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 204 - 1 gennaio [January] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 205 - 8 gennaio [January] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 207 - 22 gennaio [January] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 208 - 29 gennaio [January] 1947&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 9, No. 223 - 14 maggio [May] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 9, No. 224 - 21 maggio [May] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 9, No. 226 - 4 giugno [June] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 9, No. 227 - 11 giugno [June] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 9, No. 228 - 18 giugno [June] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 9, No. 229 - 25 giugno [June] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 9, No. 231 - 9 luglio [July] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 10, No. 244 - 8 ottobre [October] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 10, No. 246 - 22 ottobre [October] 1947&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando,&lt;/em&gt; Vol. 13, No. 336 - 13 luglio [July] 1949&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 14, No. 346 - 21 settembre [September] 1949&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 14, No. 352 - 2 novembre [November] 1949&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 14, No. 358 - 14 dicembre [December] 1949&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 14, No. 359 - 21 dicembre [December] 1949&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 15, No. 377 - 26 aprile [April] 1950&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 15, No. 405 - 8 novembre [November] 1950&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 15, No. 411 - 20 dicembre [December] 1950&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 17, No. 418 - 7 febbraio [February] 1951&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 17, No. 419 - 14 febbraio [February] 1951&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 17, No. 420 - 21 febbraio [February] 1951&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 17, No. 421 - 28 febbraio [February] 1951&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 18, No. 443 - 1 agosto [August] 1951&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 18, No. 444 - 8 agosto [August] 1951&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 18, No. 445 - 15 agosto [August] 1951&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 18, No. 446 - 22 agosto [August] 1951&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 18, No. 447 - 29 agosto [August] 1951&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1945, its third year of publication, it was published by Casa Luotto; its founding and advertising editor then was Andre Luotto, with Frank Liotta as Art Director. Franco Lalli, q.v., became Associate Editor in 1947. Later (among these issues), in 1949, it was published by Divagando Corporation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Italian writers known to us from other items in the Collection include Pietro Novasio, Franco Lalli, and Elisa Odabella. That there were no prominent Italian-language writers is a reflection that their time had passed in this post- World War II period, the immigrant generations having passed by this point for the most part. Most issues also contained translations into Italian of English-language or French-language writers, such as O. Henry and de Maupassant. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The lack of prominent writers does not mean that the articles were not interesting. One of the most interesting sources of information about Antonio de Martino, the prominent long-time publisher of the Italian Book Company, which published many of the books in the Collection, came from an essay in &lt;em&gt;Divagando&lt;/em&gt;. There were also profiles of interesting Italian-Americans, not necessarily &lt;em&gt;prominenti&lt;/em&gt;, such as restauranter Eugenio Minasso, whose Cafe Torino and Casa Minasso were quietly classy Torinese restaurants that first brought northern Italian cuisine to New York - and made no pretensions that it was French cuisine, as had been the case before him - in the thirties and forties, restaurants frequented by celebrities like Leonard Bernstein.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 9, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 88.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] 1927.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>For a discussion of this magazine that ran for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 - 1929), and that was utterly sui generis, neither radical, nor anti-fascist, nor fascist, nor bourgeois, see the general entry, the last item in the list below: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica&lt;/em&gt; [The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture]. Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] 1924 (Vol. 6) - Dicembre [December] 1929 (Anno XI).</text>
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                <text>T. Lucidi</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] 1924 (Vol. 6) - Dicembre [December] 1929 (Anno XI).&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 8, No. 86. Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Ottobre [October] 1926.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>For a discussion of this magazine that ran for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 - 1929), and that was utterly sui generis, neither radical, nor anti-fascist, nor fascist, nor bourgeois, see the general entry, the last item in the list below:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica&lt;/em&gt; [The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture]. Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] 1924 (Vol. 6) - Dicembre [December] 1929 (Anno XI).</text>
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                <text>T. Lucidi</text>
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                <text>Ottobre [October] 1926</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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        <name>Italian Labor Publishing Co. magazine</name>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente: organo d'agitazione e di battaglia contro il fascismo /The Countercurrent: against all fascism everywhere&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 2. Boston, August 1946.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aldino Felicani, Editor</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/543"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 9 - September 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 10 - October 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 11 - November 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 1 - February 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/548"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 3 - April-May 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/549"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 4 - June-July 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/550"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 5 - August-September 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/551"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 9 - January 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/552"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 10 - February 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/479"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aldo (Aldino) Felicani, a typographer and anarchist who started newspapers in Cleveland and elsewhere in the U.S. and who was intimately involved in trying to save Sacco and Vanzetti (he was the treasurer of the Sacco and Vanzetti Defense Committee in 1920-23, q.v.), founded &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; in 1938 in Boston with Gaetano Salvemini, Ernesto Rossi and Piero Calamandrei. The collection contains 10 issues of the newspaper&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; which contained a Section One in Italian and a Section 2 in English, beginning with No. 9 of Vol. II, September 1940, when &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; was published monthly, evidently having begun in January 1940, and also has the October and November monthly issues for that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It continued as a monthly through March (the Collection has the February 1941 edition), then became bimonthly with No. 3 of Vol. III, the April-May issue. (The Collection contains that issue and Nos. 4 and 5, the June-July and August-September issues.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It returned to monthly publication with No. 6 (October 1941); the collection has the January and February 1942 issues, Nos. 9 and 10 of Vol. III.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The tenth issue in the collection is from August 1946, Vol. VIII - No. 2. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some issues were as many as 8 pages each of Italian and of English text (without illustrations), but most were 4 pages each of Italian and of English text. In all cases, Section Two (the English language version) is enveloped inside of the Section One in Italian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 1940-1942 issues are all fold in the middle newspaper style. The 1946 issue is a tabloid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; was unique among journals of the Italian American left that I have seen. It was, plain and simple, anti-fascist, that is to say, the tone and, I suspect, the origins of the newspaper were not anarchist-become-anti-fascist (despite Felicani's early politics), socialist-become-antifascist (despite Salvemini's early politics), or communist-become-antifascist. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Consistent with that, and perhaps reflecting the single-mindedness of the intellectual Salvemini, as noted it lacked illustrations unlike, say, &lt;em&gt;La Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt;, on the left, or &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, on the right, as if to say "We mean business, and that's the business of anti-fascism, not of entertaining you or creating a cultural as well as political magazine."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anita Pasolini was the editor of the 1940-1942 issues; publisher Felicani was the editor by 1946, although I do not know when that change occurred. The most frequent contributor in all years was one of the founders and also the most famous writer: Gaetano Salvemini, a professor of history at Harvard at the time who had become an American citizen in 1940, some years after the Fascists revoked his Italian citizenship (in 1926) and he was dismissed from the faculty of the University of Florence. Initially a member of the Italian Socialist Party, Salvemini evolved into a kind of independent humanitarian socialism divorced to a greater or less degree from actual politics. Indeed, even his friends in the U.S. among Italian exiles years later, like Max Ascoli, declared Salvemini was "terrible" at politics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In exile since 1925 in France (where he collaborated with the Rossellis to form &lt;em&gt;Giustizia e Libertà&lt;/em&gt;), England and finally the U.S., Salvemini was above all an ardent anti-fascist. By 1940, when &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; began, Salvemini had become a U.S. citizen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the beginning, in 1940, &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; attacked Mussolini and fascism for the damage it inflicted on Italy and Italians, and declared that contrary to the criticism leveled against it, was not "Communist-inspired." (The articles in the two sections were not for the most part the same ones translated from one language to the other.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indeed, in the box providing its address and other particulars, the newspaper also proclaimed its purpose as being to "present the truth concerning Fascism wherever it exists . . . We are concerned with no political or economic cause." It also notes that in the February 1941 issue that in its two years of existence, it had published in its English section articles by Hemingway, Angelica Balabanoff, George Seldes, and R.H. Markham, among others. (I found an article, as well, that Upton Sinclair was said to have offered to provide to the newspaper.) In the Italian section, the writers included, beside Salvemini, Glauco Glauci, Arturo Giovannitti and Libero Martello; and as seems to have been a practice in virtually all the leftist and other Italian magazines and newspapers in the U.S., there appears a list of recent subscribers, a list that includes at times familiar names (e.g., Virginio De Martin, the publisher of Renzo Novatore's &lt;em&gt;Verso la nulla creatore&lt;/em&gt;, q.v.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Besides attacking Mussolini, Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh incited its ire; &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; also attacked New York's &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso Italo-Americano&lt;/em&gt; - or more particularly, its publisher, Generoso Pope - for their constant praise for Mussolini and fascism, while at the same time with its articles critical of American politics and politicians. While &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso&lt;/em&gt; proclaimed it was an "American" newspaper promoting American ideals, it was staffed with Italian journalists who, by diktat from Mussolini, should not have been allowed to work in non-Italian newspapers as foreign correspondents. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This criticism was consistent with that of Carlo Tresca, who famously called Pope a "man of straw." &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; had similar criticisms of James Donnamura's &lt;em&gt;La Gazzetta&lt;/em&gt; of Boston for its silence about General Franco and the events taking place in Spain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of great interest is that the 1946 issue - as noted, in tabloid not middle fold style - contains 16 pages all in Italian. It contains, as in the earlier issues, an article by Salvemini, but the absence of an English language section, unlike in the earlier issues is surprising. Also, unlike the earlier issues from 1940-1942, where Felicani's name as publisher is nowhere to be found, in this 1946 issue, Felicani is listed on page 1 as both "editor and publisher." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, the most important change is that by 1946, Mussolini is gone. So the criticisms throughout this issue are of Palmiro Togliatti and current Italian electoral politics, the peace treaty conference in Paris, interference in Italian politics by the Vatican, and a sarcastic article about the "big lasagna Neanderthal from Savoy," an article trying to shed light on the crime of the assassination of Carlo Tresca, and several criticisms of &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso&lt;/em&gt; and other "cafoni" (boors) in New York for their support of the Italian Labor Council. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While still enlightening and entertaining, without Mussolini as the focus of its anti-fascist efforts, &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; seems by this time to have lost its way somewhat. The absence of an English language version suggests that its diehard readers in 1946 were fighting old battles of less interest to English-language readers. I would be surprised if the newspaper continued long after this issue.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente: organo d'agitazione e di battaglia contro il fascismo&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;/The Countercurrent: against all fascism everywhere&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 10. Boston, February 1942.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/543"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 9 - September 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 10 - October 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 11 - November 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 1 - February 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/548"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 3 - April-May 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/549"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 4 - June-July 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/550"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 5 - August-September 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/551"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 9 - January 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/553"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 2 - August 1946&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/479"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aldo (Aldino) Felicani, a typographer and anarchist who started newspapers in Cleveland and elsewhere in the U.S. and who was intimately involved in trying to save Sacco and Vanzetti (he was the treasurer of the Sacco and Vanzetti Defense Committee in 1920-23, q.v.), founded &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; in 1938 in Boston with Gaetano Salvemini, Ernesto Rossi and Piero Calamandrei. The collection contains 10 issues of the newspaper&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; which contained a Section One in Italian and a Section 2 in English, beginning with No. 9 of Vol. II, September 1940, when &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; was published monthly, evidently having begun in January 1940, and also has the October and November monthly issues for that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It continued as a monthly through March (the collection has the February 1941 edition), then became bimonthly with No. 3 of Vol. III, the April-May issue. (The collection contains that issue and Nos. 4 and 5, the June-July and August-September issues.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It returned to monthly publication with No. 6 (October 1941); the collection has the January and February 1942 issues, Nos. 9 and 10 of Vol. III.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The tenth issue in the collection is from August 1946, Vol. VIII - No. 2. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some issues were as many as 8 pages each of Italian and of English text (without illustrations), but most were 4 pages each of Italian and of English text. In all cases, Section Two (the English language version) is enveloped inside of the Section One in Italian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 1940-1942 issues are all fold in the middle newspaper style. The 1946 issue is a tabloid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; was unique among journals of the Italian American left that I have seen. It was, plain and simple, anti-fascist, that is to say, the tone and, I suspect, the origins of the newspaper were not anarchist-become-anti-fascist (despite Felicani's early politics), socialist-become-antifascist (despite Salvemini's early politics), or communist-become-antifascist. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Consistent with that, and perhaps reflecting the single-mindedness of the intellectual Salvemini, as noted it lacked illustrations unlike, say, &lt;em&gt;La Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt;, on the left, or &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, on the right, as if to say "We mean business, and that's the business of anti-fascism, not of entertaining you or creating a cultural as well as political magazine."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anita Pasolini was the editor of the 1940-1942 issues; publisher Felicani was the editor by 1946, although I do not know when that change occurred. The most frequent contributor in all years was one of the founders and also the most famous writer: Gaetano Salvemini, a professor of history at Harvard at the time who had become an American citizen in 1940, some years after the Fascists revoked his Italian citizenship (in 1926) and he was dismissed from the faculty of the University of Florence. Initially a member of the Italian Socialist Party, Salvemini evolved into a kind of independent humanitarian socialism divorced to a greater or less degree from actual politics. Indeed, even his friends in the U.S. among Italian exiles years later, like Max Ascoli, declared Salvemini was "terrible" at politics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In exile since 1925 in France (where he collaborated with the Rossellis to form &lt;em&gt;Giustizia e Libertà&lt;/em&gt;), England and finally the U.S., Salvemini was above all an ardent anti-fascist. By 1940, when &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; began, Salvemini had become a U.S. citizen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the beginning, in 1940, &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; attacked Mussolini and fascism for the damage it inflicted on Italy and Italians, and declared that contrary to the criticism leveled against it, was not "Communist-inspired." (The articles in the two sections were not for the most part the same ones translated from one language to the other.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indeed, in the box providing its address and other particulars, the newspaper also proclaimed its purpose as being to "present the truth concerning Fascism wherever it exists . . . We are concerned with no political or economic cause." It also notes that in the February 1941 issue that in its two years of existence, it had published in its English section articles by Hemingway, Angelica Balabanoff, George Seldes, and R.H. Markham, among others. (I found an article, as well, that Upton Sinclair was said to have offered to provide to the newspaper.) In the Italian section, the writers included, beside Salvemini, Glauco Glauci, Arturo Giovannitti and Libero Martello; and as seems to have been a practice in virtually all the leftist and other Italian magazines and newspapers in the U.S., there appears a list of recent subscribers, a list that includes at times familiar names (e.g., Virginio De Martin, the publisher of Renzo Novatore's &lt;em&gt;Verso la nulla creatore&lt;/em&gt;, q.v.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Besides attacking Mussolini, Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh incited its ire; &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; also attacked New York's &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso Italo-Americano&lt;/em&gt; - or more particularly, its publisher, Generoso Pope - for their constant praise for Mussolini and fascism, while at the same time with its articles critical of American politics and politicians. While &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso&lt;/em&gt; proclaimed it was an "American" newspaper promoting American ideals, it was staffed with Italian journalists who, by diktat from Mussolini, should not have been allowed to work in non-Italian newspapers as foreign correspondents. The criticism was consistent with that of Carlo Tresca, who famously called Pope a "man of straw." &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; had similar criticisms of James Donnamura's &lt;em&gt;La Gazzetta&lt;/em&gt; of Boston for its silence about General Franco and the events taking place in Spain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of great interest is that the 1946 issue - as noted, in tabloid not middle fold style - contains 16 pages all in Italian. It contains, as in the earlier issues, an article by Salvemini, but the absence of an English language section, unlike in the earlier issues is surprising. Also, unlike the earlier issues from 1940-1942, where Felicani's name as publisher is nowhere to be found, in this 1946 issue, Felicani is listed on page 1 as both "editor and publisher." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, the most important change is that by 1946, Mussolini is gone. So the criticisms throughout this issue are of Palmiro Togliatti and current Italian electoral politics, the peace treaty conference in Paris, interference in Italian politics by the Vatican, and a sarcastic article about the "big lasagna Neanderthal from Savoy," an article trying to shed light on the crime of the assassination of Carlo Tresca, and several criticisms of &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso&lt;/em&gt; and other "cafoni" (boors) in New York for their support of the Italian Labor Council. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While still enlightening and entertaining, without Mussolini as the focus of its anti-fascist efforts, &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; seems by this time to have lost its way somewhat. The absence of an English language version suggests that its diehard readers in 1946 were fighting old battles of less interest to English-language readers. I would be surprised if the newspaper continued long after this issue.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente: organo d'agitazione e di battaglia contro il fascismo /The Countercurrent: against all fascism everywhere&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 9. Boston, January 1942.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/543"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 9 - September 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 10 - October 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 11 - November 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 1 - February 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/548"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 3 - April-May 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/549"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 4 - June-July 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/550"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 5 - August-September 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/552"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 10 - February 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/553"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 2 - August 1946&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/479"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente: organo d'agitazione e di battaglia contro il fascismo /&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Countercurrent: against all fascism everywhere&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 5. Boston, August-September 1941.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/543"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 9 - September 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 10 - October 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 11 - November 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 1 - February 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/548"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 3 - April-May 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/549"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 4 - June-July 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/551"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 9 - January 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/552"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 10 - February 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/553"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 2 - August 1946&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/479"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aldo (Aldino) Felicani, a typographer and anarchist who started newspapers in Cleveland and elsewhere in the U.S. and who was intimately involved in trying to save Sacco and Vanzetti (he was the treasurer of the Sacco and Vanzetti Defense Committee in 1920-23, q.v.), founded &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; in 1938 in Boston with Gaetano Salvemini, Ernesto Rossi and Piero Calamandrei. The collection contains 10 issues of the newspaper&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; which contained a Section One in Italian and a Section 2 in English, beginning with No. 9 of Vol. II, September 1940, when &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; was published monthly, evidently having begun in January 1940, and also has the October and November monthly issues for that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It continued as a monthly through March (the collection has the February 1941 edition), then became bimonthly with No. 3 of Vol. III, the April-May issue. (The collection contains that issue and Nos. 4 and 5, the June-July and August-September issues.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It returned to monthly publication with No. 6 (October 1941); the collection has the January and February 1942 issues, Nos. 9 and 10 of Vol. III.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The tenth issue in the collection is from August 1946, Vol. VIII - No. 2. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some issues were as many as 8 pages each of Italian and of English text (without illustrations), but most were 4 pages each of Italian and of English text. In all cases, Section Two (the English language version) is enveloped inside of the Section One in Italian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 1940-1942 issues are all fold in the middle newspaper style. The 1946 issue is a tabloid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; was unique among journals of the Italian American left that I have seen. It was, plain and simple, anti-fascist, that is to say, the tone and, I suspect, the origins of the newspaper were not anarchist-become-anti-fascist (despite Felicani's early politics), socialist-become-antifascist (despite Salvemini's early politics), or communist-become-antifascist. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Consistent with that, and perhaps reflecting the single-mindedness of the intellectual Salvemini, as noted it lacked illustrations unlike, say, &lt;em&gt;La Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt;, on the left, or &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, on the right, as if to say "We mean business, and that's the business of anti-fascism, not of entertaining you or creating a cultural as well as political magazine."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anita Pasolini was the editor of the 1940-1942 issues; publisher Felicani was the editor by 1946, although I do not know when that change occurred. The most frequent contributor in all years was one of the founders and also the most famous writer: Gaetano Salvemini, a professor of history at Harvard at the time who had become an American citizen in 1940, some years after the Fascists revoked his Italian citizenship (in 1926) and he was dismissed from the faculty of the University of Florence. Initially a member of the Italian Socialist Party, Salvemini evolved into a kind of independent humanitarian socialism divorced to a greater or less degree from actual politics. Indeed, even his friends in the U.S. among Italian exiles years later, like Max Ascoli, declared Salvemini was "terrible" at politics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In exile since 1925 in France (where he collaborated with the Rossellis to form &lt;em&gt;Giustizia e Libertà&lt;/em&gt;), England and finally the U.S., Salvemini was above all an ardent anti-fascist. By 1940, when &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; began, Salvemini had become a U.S. citizen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the beginning, in 1940, &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; attacked Mussolini and fascism for the damage it inflicted on Italy and Italians, and declared that contrary to the criticism leveled against it, was not "Communist-inspired." (The articles in the two sections were not for the most part the same ones translated from one language to the other.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indeed, in the box providing its address and other particulars, the newspaper also proclaimed its purpose as being to "present the truth concerning Fascism wherever it exists . . . We are concerned with no political or economic cause." It also notes that in the February 1941 issue that in its two years of existence, it had published in its English section articles by Hemingway, Angelica Balabanoff, George Seldes, and R.H. Markham, among others. (I found an article, as well, that Upton Sinclair was said to have offered to provide to the newspaper.) In the Italian section, the writers included, beside Salvemini, Glauco Glauci, Arturo Giovannitti and Libero Martello; and as seems to have been a practice in virtually all the leftist and other Italian magazines and newspapers in the U.S., there appears a list of recent subscribers, a list that includes at times familiar names (e.g., Virginio De Martin, the publisher of Renzo Novatore's &lt;em&gt;Verso la nulla creatore&lt;/em&gt;, q.v.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Besides attacking Mussolini, Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh incited its ire; &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; also attacked New York's &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso Italo-Americano&lt;/em&gt; - or more particularly, its publisher, Generoso Pope - for their constant praise for Mussolini and fascism, while at the same time with its articles critical of American politics and politicians. While &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso&lt;/em&gt; proclaimed it was an "American" newspaper promoting American ideals, it was staffed with Italian journalists who, by diktat from Mussolini, should not have been allowed to work in non-Italian newspapers as foreign correspondents. The criticism was consistent with that of Carlo Tresca, who famously called Pope a "man of straw." &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; had similar criticisms of James Donnamura's &lt;em&gt;La Gazzetta&lt;/em&gt; of Boston for its silence about General Franco and the events taking place in Spain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of great interest is that the 1946 issue - as noted, in tabloid not middle fold style - contains 16 pages all in Italian. It contains, as in the earlier issues, an article by Salvemini, but the absence of an English language section, unlike in the earlier issues is surprising. Also, unlike the earlier issues from 1940-1942, where Felicani's name as publisher is nowhere to be found, in this 1946 issue, Felicani is listed on page 1 as both "editor and publisher." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, the most important change is that by 1946, Mussolini is gone. So the criticisms throughout this issue are of Palmiro Togliatti and current Italian electoral politics, the peace treaty conference in Paris, interference in Italian politics by the Vatican, and a sarcastic article about the "big lasagna Neanderthal from Savoy," an article trying to shed light on the crime of the assassination of Carlo Tresca, and several criticisms of &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso&lt;/em&gt; and other "cafoni" (boors) in New York for their support of the Italian Labor Council. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While still enlightening and entertaining, without Mussolini as the focus of its anti-fascist efforts, &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; seems by this time to have lost its way somewhat. The absence of an English language version suggests that its diehard readers in 1946 were fighting old battles of less interest to English-language readers. I would be surprised if the newspaper continued long after this issue.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente: organo d'agitazione e di battaglia contro il fascismo /The Countercurrent: against all fascism everywhere&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 3. Boston, April-May 1941.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/543"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 9 - September 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 10 - October 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 11 - November 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 1 - February 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/549"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 4 - June-July 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/550"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 5 - August-September 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/551"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 9 - January 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/552"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 10 - February 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/553"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 2 - August 1946&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/479"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aldo (Aldino) Felicani, a typographer and anarchist who started newspapers in Cleveland and elsewhere in the U.S. and who was intimately involved in trying to save Sacco and Vanzetti (he was the treasurer of the Sacco and Vanzetti Defense Committee in 1920-23, q.v.), founded &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; in 1938 in Boston with Gaetano Salvemini, Ernesto Rossi and Piero Calamandrei. The collection contains 10 issues of the newspaper&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; which contained a Section One in Italian and a Section 2 in English, beginning with No. 9 of Vol. II, September 1940, when &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; was published monthly, evidently having begun in January 1940, and also has the October and November monthly issues for that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It continued as a monthly through March (the collection has the February 1941 edition), then became bimonthly with No. 3 of Vol. III, the April-May issue. (The collection contains that issue and Nos. 4 and 5, the June-July and August-September issues.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It returned to monthly publication with No. 6 (October 1941); the collection has the January and February 1942 issues, Nos. 9 and 10 of Vol. III.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The tenth issue in the collection is from August 1946, Vol. VIII - No. 2. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some issues were as many as 8 pages each of Italian and of English text (without illustrations), but most were 4 pages each of Italian and of English text. In all cases, Section Two (the English language version) is enveloped inside of the Section One in Italian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 1940-1942 issues are all fold in the middle newspaper style. The 1946 issue is a tabloid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; was unique among journals of the Italian American left that I have seen. It was, plain and simple, anti-fascist, that is to say, the tone and, I suspect, the origins of the newspaper were not anarchist-become-anti-fascist (despite Felicani's early politics), socialist-become-antifascist (despite Salvemini's early politics), or communist-become-antifascist. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Consistent with that, and perhaps reflecting the single-mindedness of the intellectual Salvemini, as noted it lacked illustrations unlike, say, &lt;em&gt;La Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt;, on the left, or &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, on the right, as if to say "We mean business, and that's the business of anti-fascism, not of entertaining you or creating a cultural as well as political magazine."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anita Pasolini was the editor of the 1940-1942 issues; publisher Felicani was the editor by 1946, although I do not know when that change occurred. The most frequent contributor in all years was one of the founders and also the most famous writer: Gaetano Salvemini, a professor of history at Harvard at the time who had become an American citizen in 1940, some years after the Fascists revoked his Italian citizenship (in 1926) and he was dismissed from the faculty of the University of Florence. Initially a member of the Italian Socialist Party, Salvemini evolved into a kind of independent humanitarian socialism divorced to a greater or less degree from actual politics. Indeed, even his friends in the U.S. among Italian exiles years later, like Max Ascoli, declared Salvemini was "terrible" at politics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In exile since 1925 in France (where he collaborated with the Rossellis to form &lt;em&gt;Giustizia e Libertà&lt;/em&gt;), England and finally the U.S., Salvemini was above all an ardent anti-fascist. By 1940, when &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; began, Salvemini had become a U.S. citizen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the beginning, in 1940, &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; attacked Mussolini and fascism for the damage it inflicted on Italy and Italians, and declared that contrary to the criticism leveled against it, was not "Communist-inspired." (The articles in the two sections were not for the most part the same ones translated from one language to the other.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indeed, in the box providing its address and other particulars, the newspaper also proclaimed its purpose as being to "present the truth concerning Fascism wherever it exists . . . We are concerned with no political or economic cause." It also notes that in the February 1941 issue that in its two years of existence, it had published in its English section articles by Hemingway, Angelica Balabanoff, George Seldes, and R.H. Markham, among others. (I found an article, as well, that Upton Sinclair was said to have offered to provide to the newspaper.) In the Italian section, the writers included, beside Salvemini, Glauco Glauci, Arturo Giovannitti and Libero Martello; and as seems to have been a practice in virtually all the leftist and other Italian magazines and newspapers in the U.S., there appears a list of recent subscribers, a list that includes at times familiar names (e.g., Virginio De Martin, the publisher of Renzo Novatore's &lt;em&gt;Verso la nulla creatore&lt;/em&gt;, q.v.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Besides attacking Mussolini, Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh incited its ire; &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; also attacked New York's &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso Italo-Americano&lt;/em&gt; - or more particularly, its publisher, Generoso Pope - for their constant praise for Mussolini and fascism, while at the same time with its articles critical of American politics and politicians. While &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso&lt;/em&gt; proclaimed it was an "American" newspaper promoting American ideals, it was staffed with Italian journalists who, by diktat from Mussolini, should not have been allowed to work in non-Italian newspapers as foreign correspondents. The criticism was consistent with that of Carlo Tresca, who famously called Pope a "man of straw." &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; had similar criticisms of James Donnamura's &lt;em&gt;La Gazzetta&lt;/em&gt; of Boston for its silence about General Franco and the events taking place in Spain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of great interest is that the 1946 issue - as noted, in tabloid not middle fold style - contains 16 pages all in Italian. It contains, as in the earlier issues, an article by Salvemini, but the absence of an English language section, unlike in the earlier issues is surprising. Also, unlike the earlier issues from 1940-1942, where Felicani's name as publisher is nowhere to be found, in this 1946 issue, Felicani is listed on page 1 as both "editor and publisher." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, the most important change is that by 1946, Mussolini is gone. So the criticisms throughout this issue are of Palmiro Togliatti and current Italian electoral politics, the peace treaty conference in Paris, interference in Italian politics by the Vatican, and a sarcastic article about the "big lasagna Neanderthal from Savoy," an article trying to shed light on the crime of the assassination of Carlo Tresca, and several criticisms of &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso&lt;/em&gt; and other "cafoni" (boors) in New York for their support of the Italian Labor Council. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While still enlightening and entertaining, without Mussolini as the focus of its anti-fascist efforts, &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; seems by this time to have lost its way somewhat. The absence of an English language version suggests that its diehard readers in 1946 were fighting old battles of less interest to English-language readers. I would be surprised if the newspaper continued long after this issue.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente: organo d'agitazione e di battaglia contro il fascismo /The Countercurrent: against all fascism everywhere&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 1. Boston, February 1941.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/543"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 9 - September 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 10 - October 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 11 - November 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/548"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 3 - April-May 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/549"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 4 - June-July 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/550"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 5 - August-September 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/551"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 9 - January 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/552"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 10 - February 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/553"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 2 - August 1946&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/479"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aldo (Aldino) Felicani, a typographer and anarchist who started newspapers in Cleveland and elsewhere in the U.S. and who was intimately involved in trying to save Sacco and Vanzetti (he was the treasurer of the Sacco and Vanzetti Defense Committee in 1920-23, q.v.), founded &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; in 1938 in Boston with Gaetano Salvemini, Ernesto Rossi and Piero Calamandrei. The collection contains 10 issues of the newspaper&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; which contained a Section One in Italian and a Section 2 in English, beginning with No. 9 of Vol. II, September 1940, when &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; was published monthly, evidently having begun in January 1940, and also has the October and November monthly issues for that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It continued as a monthly through March (the collection has the February 1941 edition), then became bimonthly with No. 3 of Vol. III, the April-May issue. (The collection contains that issue and Nos. 4 and 5, the June-July and August-September issues.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It returned to monthly publication with No. 6 (October 1941); the collection has the January and February 1942 issues, Nos. 9 and 10 of Vol. III.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The tenth issue in the collection is from August 1946, Vol. VIII - No. 2. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some issues were as many as 8 pages each of Italian and of English text (without illustrations), but most were 4 pages each of Italian and of English text. In all cases, Section Two (the English language version) is enveloped inside of the Section One in Italian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 1940-1942 issues are all fold in the middle newspaper style. The 1946 issue is a tabloid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; was unique among journals of the Italian American left that I have seen. It was, plain and simple, anti-fascist, that is to say, the tone and, I suspect, the origins of the newspaper were not anarchist-become-anti-fascist (despite Felicani's early politics), socialist-become-antifascist (despite Salvemini's early politics), or communist-become-antifascist. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Consistent with that, and perhaps reflecting the single-mindedness of the intellectual Salvemini, as noted it lacked illustrations unlike, say, &lt;em&gt;La Cronaca Sovversiva&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Il Martello&lt;/em&gt;, on the left, or &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, on the right, as if to say "We mean business, and that's the business of anti-fascism, not of entertaining you or creating a cultural as well as political magazine."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anita Pasolini was the editor of the 1940-1942 issues; publisher Felicani was the editor by 1946, although I do not know when that change occurred. The most frequent contributor in all years was one of the founders and also the most famous writer: Gaetano Salvemini, a professor of history at Harvard at the time who had become an American citizen in 1940, some years after the Fascists revoked his Italian citizenship (in 1926) and he was dismissed from the faculty of the University of Florence. Initially a member of the Italian Socialist Party, Salvemini evolved into a kind of independent humanitarian socialism divorced to a greater or less degree from actual politics. Indeed, even his friends in the U.S. among Italian exiles years later, like Max Ascoli, declared Salvemini was "terrible" at politics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In exile since 1925 in France (where he collaborated with the Rossellis to form &lt;em&gt;Giustizia e Libertà&lt;/em&gt;), England and finally the U.S., Salvemini was above all an ardent anti-fascist. By 1940, when &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; began, Salvemini had become a U.S. citizen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the beginning, in 1940, &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; attacked Mussolini and fascism for the damage it inflicted on Italy and Italians, and declared that contrary to the criticism leveled against it, was not "Communist-inspired." (The articles in the two sections were not for the most part the same ones translated from one language to the other.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indeed, in the box providing its address and other particulars, the newspaper also proclaimed its purpose as being to "present the truth concerning Fascism wherever it exists . . . We are concerned with no political or economic cause." It also notes that in the February 1941 issue that in its two years of existence, it had published in its English section articles by Hemingway, Angelica Balabanoff, George Seldes, and R.H. Markham, among others. (I found an article, as well, that Upton Sinclair was said to have offered to provide to the newspaper.) In the Italian section, the writers included, beside Salvemini, Glauco Glauci, Arturo Giovannitti and Libero Martello; and as seems to have been a practice in virtually all the leftist and other Italian magazines and newspapers in the U.S., there appears a list of recent subscribers, a list that includes at times familiar names (e.g., Virginio De Martin, the publisher of Renzo Novatore's &lt;em&gt;Verso la nulla creatore&lt;/em&gt;, q.v.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Besides attacking Mussolini, Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh incited its ire; &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; also attacked New York's &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso Italo-Americano&lt;/em&gt; - or more particularly, its publisher, Generoso Pope - for their constant praise for Mussolini and fascism, while at the same time with its articles critical of American politics and politicians. While &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso&lt;/em&gt; proclaimed it was an "American" newspaper promoting American ideals, it was staffed with Italian journalists who, by diktat from Mussolini, should not have been allowed to work in non-Italian newspapers as foreign correspondents. The criticism was consistent with that of Carlo Tresca, who famously called Pope a "man of straw." &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; had similar criticisms of James Donnamura's &lt;em&gt;La Gazzetta&lt;/em&gt; of Boston for its silence about General Franco and the events taking place in Spain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of great interest is that the 1946 issue - as noted, in tabloid not middle fold style - contains 16 pages all in Italian. It contains, as in the earlier issues, an article by Salvemini, but the absence of an English language section, unlike in the earlier issues is surprising. Also, unlike the earlier issues from 1940-1942, where Felicani's name as publisher is nowhere to be found, in this 1946 issue, Felicani is listed on page 1 as both "editor and publisher." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, the most important change is that by 1946, Mussolini is gone. So the criticisms throughout this issue are of Palmiro Togliatti and current Italian electoral politics, the peace treaty conference in Paris, interference in Italian politics by the Vatican, and a sarcastic article about the "big lasagna Neanderthal from Savoy," an article trying to shed light on the crime of the assassination of Carlo Tresca, and several criticisms of &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso&lt;/em&gt; and other "cafoni" (boors) in New York for their support of the Italian Labor Council. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While still enlightening and entertaining, without Mussolini as the focus of its anti-fascist efforts, &lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; seems by this time to have lost its way somewhat. The absence of an English language version suggests that its diehard readers in 1946 were fighting old battles of less interest to English-language readers. I would be surprised if the newspaper continued long after this issue.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente: organo d'agitazione e di battaglia contro il fascismo /The Countercurrent: against all fascism everywhere&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 9. Boston, September 1940.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/544"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 10 - October 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/545"&gt;, Vol. 2, No. 11 - November 1940&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/546"&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 1 - February 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/548"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 3 - April-May 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/549"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 4 - June-July 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/550"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 5 - August-September 1941&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/551"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 9 - January 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/552"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 3, No. 10 - February 1942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/553"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 8, No. 2 - August 1946&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/479"&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Controcorrente&lt;/em&gt; [main entry]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aldo (Aldino) Felicani, a typographer and anarchist who started newspapers in Cleveland and elsewhere in the U.S. and who was intimately involved in trying to save Sacco and Vanzetti (he was the treasurer of the Sacco and Vanzetti Defense Committee in 1920-23, q.v.), founded La Controcorrente in 1938 in Boston with Gaetano Salvemini, Ernesto Rossi and Piero Calamandrei. The collection contains 10 issues of the newspaper, which contained a Section One in Italian and a Section 2 in English, beginning with No. 9 of Vol. II, September 1940, when La Controcorrente was published monthly, evidently having begun in January 1940, and also has the October and November monthly issues for that year. It continued as a monthly through March (the collection has the February 1941 edition), then became bimonthly with No. 3 of Vol. III, the April-May issue. (The collection contains that issue and Nos. 4 and 5, the June-July and August-September issues.) It returned to monthly publication with No. 6 (October 1941); the collection has the January and February 1942 issues, Nos. 9 and 10 of Vol. III. The tenth issue in the collection is from August 1946, Vol. VIII - No. 2.  Some issues were as many as 8 pages each of Italian and of English text (without illustrations), but most were 4 pages each of Italian and of English text. In all cases, Section Two (the English language version) is enveloped inside of the Section One in Italian. The 1940-1942 issues are all fold in the middle newspaper style. The 1946 issue is a tabloid. La Controcorrente was unique among journals of the Italian American left that I have seen. It was, plain and simple, anti-fascist, that is to say, the tone and, I suspect, the origins of the newspaper were not anarchist-become-anti-fascist (despite Felicani's early politics), socialist-become-antifascist (despite Salvemini's early politics), or communist-become-antifascist. Consistent with that, and perhaps reflecting the single-mindedness of the intellectual Salvemini, as noted it lacked illustrations unlike, say, La Cronaca Sovversiva or Il Martello, on the left, or Il Carroccio, on the right, as if to say "We mean business, and that's the business of anti-fascism, not of entertaining you or creating a cultural as well as political magazine." Anita Pasolini was the editor of the 1940-1942 issues; publisher Felicani was the editor by 1946, although I do not know when that change occurred. The most frequent contributor in all years was one of the founders and also the most famous writer: Gaetano Salvemini, a professor of history at Harvard at the time who had become an American citizen in 1940, some years after the Fascists revoked his Italian citizenship (in 1926) and he was dismissed from the faculty of the University of Florence. Initially a member of the Italian Socialist Party, Salvemini evolved into a kind of independent humanitarian socialism divorced to a greater or less degree from actual politics. Indeed, even his friends in the U.S. among Italian exiles years later, like Max Ascoli, declared Salvemini was "terrible" at politics. In exile since 1925 in France (where he collaborated with the Rossellis to form Giustizia e Libertà), England and finally the U.S., Salvemini was above all an ardent anti-fascist. By 1940, when La Controcorrente began, Salvemini had become a U.S. citizen.  From the beginning, in 1940, La Controcorrente attacked Mussolini and fascism for the damage it inflicted on Italy and Italians, and declared that contrary to the criticism leveled against it, was not "Communist-inspired." (The articles in the two sections were not for the most part the same ones translated from one language to the other.) Indeed, in the box providing its address and other particulars, the newspaper also proclaimed its purpose as being to "present the truth concerning Fascism wherever it exists . . . We are concerned with no political or economic cause." It also notes that in the February 1941 issue that in its two years of existence, it had published in its English section articles by Hemingway, Angelica Balabanoff, George Seldes, and R.H. Markham, among others. (I found an article, as well, that Upton Sinclair was said to have offered to provide to the newspaper.) In the Italian section, the writers included, beside Salvemini, Glauco Glauci, Arturo Giovannitti and Libero Martello; and as seems to have been a practice in virtually all the leftist and other Italian magazines and newspapers in the U.S., there appears a list of recent subscribers, a list that includes at times familiar names (e.g., Virginio De Martin, the publisher of Renzo Novatore's Verso la nulla creatore, q.v.). Besides attacking Mussolini, Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh incited its ire; La Controcorrente also attacked New York's Il Progresso Italo-Americano - or more particularly, its publisher, Generoso Pope - for their constant praise for Mussolini and fascism, while at the same time with its articles critical of American politics and politicians. While Il Progresso proclaimed it was an "American" newspaper promoting American ideals, it was staffed with Italian journalists who, by diktat from Mussolini, should not have been allowed to work in non-Italian newspapers as foreign correspondents. The criticism was consistent with that of Carlo Tresca, who famously called Pope a "man of straw." La Controcorrente had similar criticisms of James Donnamura's La Gazzetta of Boston for its silence about General Franco and the events taking place in Spain. Of great interest is that the 1946 issue - as noted, in tabloid not middle fold style - contains 16 pages all in Italian. It contains, as in the earlier issues, an article by Salvemini, but the absence of an English language section, unlike in the earlier issues is surprising. Also, unlike the earlier issues from 1940-1942, where Felicani's name as publisher is nowhere to be found, in this 1946 issue, Felicani is listed on page 1 as both "editor and publisher." Of course, the most important change is that by 1946, Mussolini is gone. So the criticisms throughout this issue are of Palmiro Togliatti and current Italian electoral politics, the peace treaty conference in Paris, interference in Italian politics by the Vatican, and a sarcastic article about the "big lasagna Neanderthal from Savoy," an article trying to shed light on the crime of the assassination of Carlo Tresca, and several criticisms of Il Progresso and other "cafoni" (boors) in New York for their support of the Italian Labor Council. While still enlightening and entertaining, without Mussolini as the focus of its anti-fascist efforts, La Controcorrente seems by this time to have lost its way somewhat. The absence of an English language version suggests that its diehard readers in 1946 were fighting old battles of less interest to English-language readers. I would be surprised if the newspaper continued long after this issue.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 11, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 111.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Dicembre [December] 1929.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/515"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 95 - Agosto [August] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>For a discussion of this magazine that ran for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 - 1929), and that was utterly &lt;em&gt;sui generis&lt;/em&gt;, not filling within the radical left, nor anti-fascist, nor fascist, nor bourgeois, see the general entry: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica&lt;/em&gt; [The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture]. Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] 1924 (Vol. 6) - Dicembre [December] 1929 (Anno XI).</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 11, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 110.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/515"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 95 - Agosto [August] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Although not apparent at first blush, &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;published by the same Italian Labor Publishing Company of Chicago that published &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo&lt;/em&gt;, see discussion below, arose from socialist and anarchist cultural impulses that reflect the anti-clerical sources of wisdom for living among Italian Americans of the left.&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Surprisingly, Il &lt;em&gt;Messaggero&lt;/em&gt; has no mention in the standard reference works: in Durante, in the &lt;em&gt;Routledge History of Italian Americans&lt;/em&gt; (William Connell, Stanislao Pugliese, ed., 2018), &lt;em&gt;The Italian American Experience: an Encyclopedia&lt;/em&gt; (Sal LaGumina et al., 2000), &lt;em&gt;La Storia: Five Centuries of the Italian American Experience&lt;/em&gt; (Jerre Mangione, Ben Morreale, ed., 1992) or in any other reference work, even the excellent discussion of the non-political culture of the Italian American left in Marcella Bencivenni's &lt;em&gt;Italian Immigrant Radical Culture&lt;/em&gt;, in which time period (1890-1940) this magazine squarely fits.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, there is a brief and curious entry by Giovanni E. Schiavo in &lt;em&gt;The Italians in Chicago: A Study of Americanization&lt;/em&gt; (Reprint: New York, Arno Press, 1975), p. 107. There the magazine's existence and only the name of the publisher, "T. Lucidi," but not its printer, the Italian Labor Publishing Company - a socialist press, is noted, without comment other than to observe that it is one of two Italian magazines in Chicago &lt;em&gt;not &lt;/em&gt;written in a "language accessible to the average Italian with grammar school education." Note that Schiavo's book was originally published in 1928 by the Italian-American Publishing Company, which in 1917 published &lt;em&gt;Why Italy Entered into the World War &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Soltanto l'eliminazione della neutralità potrà subito e per sempre impedire le guerre, &lt;/em&gt;q.v., of Luigi Carnovale, discussed below, and copies of several of whose books in Italian are in the collection, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Statement of the ownership, management, circulation etc. required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912" within an issue of the magazine dated 1924 sheds little light: T. Lucidi is listed as owner, publisher, and editor, but you could figure that out from any issue of the magazine. No one else is listed in the statement, and there are no circulation figures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This monthly magazine that lasted for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 to 1929) and possibly longer was the "organ of the Italian Nature Association and of the Eclectic Universal Association." Of course, a "nature association" does sound like a nudist colony, not exactly a conventional (or even conventionally radical) fixture of Italian American life. Indeed, there are articles about sex - not exactly a staple of magazines of the left or the right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some sample articles: the May 1927 issue begins with an essay by founder and director Lucidi himself (see below) entitled "Cerebralism." It begins with a rather odd discussion of the principle by which Omar, in his decree as to the destruction of the library of Alexandria, said books that were consistent with the Koran could be destroyed as "superfluous," and books in it that were in disagreement with the Koran should be destroyed as dangerous and damaging. So, perforce, the writer is neither Catholic nor anti-clerical, unlike the vast majority of all the writers in the collection, and he is at least sympathetic to some aspects of the Muslim faith.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some hints beyond looking at some essays in some issues from what we know of Lucidi. He was the publisher of &lt;em&gt;La Parola&lt;/em&gt;, later called &lt;em&gt;La Parola Proletaria&lt;/em&gt;, according to Durante, and see &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo: rivista bimestrale. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Yet leftist (or other conventional) politics is not to be found in a sampling of issues of &lt;em&gt;Il messaggero. &lt;/em&gt;This is consistent with much of the teaching materials developed by the Italian American left, which often dealt with purely cultural (i.e., non-political) issues as part of its substitution for the broad role of the Church in the lives of less politically oriented Italian Americans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;The Messenger of Health&lt;/em&gt; - is just what it sounds like: a guide to how to improve one's health and well-being, irrespective of politics of any kind. The articles are by Italians and non-Italians alike, more of the latter. The same issue discussed above has an article by Rudolf Steiner, the Austrian philosopher, social reformer and esotericist, whose essay here discusses, besides Christianity, Yoga (as the wisdom of the East), Rosacrutionism and Gnosticism. Avem's &lt;em&gt;Geoterapia (Geotherapy)&lt;/em&gt;, whose subtitle in the ad is "Ritornate alla Natura!" - seemingly a call to join a nudist colony perhaps? - is heavily advertised in most issues, as is Aldo Lavagnini's &lt;em&gt;Eufisia: the art of staying well&lt;/em&gt;, promising "health, vigor, beauty and longevity."  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet the fact that this magazine was written entirely in Italian seems oddly out of character with the brave new world it appears to be introducing to its readers. That is, one might have imagined a magazine like this to have been written by and for Italians in &lt;em&gt;English&lt;/em&gt;, appealing to the more free-thinking, socially (not necessarily politically) progressive elements of the Italian immigrant community, eager to participate in American experiments of various sorts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A letter by Lucidi to one of the collection's authors, Luigi Carnovale, suggests that Lucidi was having trouble in 1921 - two years after the first issue - making a financial go of the magazine. We're delighted he managed to last for another 9 or so years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I found a copy for sale of one of the other works advertised in an issue of &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero, &lt;/em&gt;a curiously named brochure containing one "lecture", called &lt;em&gt;The Crusaders Academy of Science, Incorporated: Constituted for the promotion and development of the spiritual and mental faculties&lt;/em&gt;, directed by the Masters of the Crusaders Order of the World, of the Masonic Society, q.v. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ah, Masons! Finally something familiar, although Masons or Freemasons, like &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero&lt;/em&gt;, aren't found in the &lt;em&gt;Routledge History&lt;/em&gt; or the &lt;em&gt;Italian American Encyclopedia&lt;/em&gt;, but there is an excerpt from Michele Pane in Durante that speaks of a charcacter who is a "Venerable of the Freemasons of the Mazzini Lodge."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inside this typescript or mimeogaphed brochure, undated but perhaps 1932 (or so the seller opined), there is advertised "Transcychology," "the Ancient Mysteries," Occultism (Spiritualism-magnetism and Allied Sciences," and "Projection and Psychic Levitation-Systmes and Practices." The ad seems to be promoting "A Course of Superior Studies" compiled by Gaetano Russo, M.Ps.Sc., Director General of the Crusaders Order of the World. There follows episode No. 36 of the course, namely, "astrology-horoscopes." The cover contain a photograph of the headquarters, at 1857 Anthony Avenue, corner of Mt. Hope Place, in the Bronx. The building was previously the Shuttleworth mansion, built in 1896.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One could say that while there is heavy Italian American involvement or investment in the magazine, and the cults that support it, the philosophy is in no particular sense "Italian" or "Italian American." Perhaps even especially for that reason, this magazine shines light on what is to me a hitherto unknown aspect of Italian American culture in Italian in the early decades of the 20th century. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 44 or more issues of this magazine alone should keep a few graduate students busy for a while.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 11, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 109.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>T. Lucidi</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/515"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 95 - Agosto [August] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>For a discussion of this magazine that ran for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 - 1929), and that was utterly sui generis, neither radical, nor anti-fascist, nor fascist, nor bourgeois, see the general entry: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica&lt;/em&gt; [The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture]. Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] 1924 (Vol. 6) - Dicembre [December] 1929 (Anno XI).</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 11, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 108.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/515"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 95 - Agosto [August] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Although not apparent at first blush, &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;published by the same Italian Labor Publishing Company of Chicago that published &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo&lt;/em&gt;, see discussion below, arose from socialist and anarchist cultural impulses that reflect the anti-clerical sources of wisdom for living among Italian Americans of the left.&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Surprisingly, Il &lt;em&gt;Messaggero&lt;/em&gt; has no mention in the standard reference works: in Durante, in the &lt;em&gt;Routledge History of Italian Americans&lt;/em&gt; (William Connell, Stanislao Pugliese, ed., 2018), &lt;em&gt;The Italian American Experience: an Encyclopedia&lt;/em&gt; (Sal LaGumina et al., 2000), &lt;em&gt;La Storia: Five Centuries of the Italian American Experience&lt;/em&gt; (Jerre Mangione, Ben Morreale, ed., 1992) or in any other reference work, even the excellent discussion of the non-political culture of the Italian American left in Marcella Bencivenni's &lt;em&gt;Italian Immigrant Radical Culture&lt;/em&gt;, in which time period (1890-1940) this magazine squarely fits.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, there is a brief and curious entry by Giovanni E. Schiavo in &lt;em&gt;The Italians in Chicago: A Study of Americanization&lt;/em&gt; (Reprint: New York, Arno Press, 1975), p. 107. There the magazine's existence and only the name of the publisher, "T. Lucidi," but not its printer, the Italian Labor Publishing Company - a socialist press, is noted, without comment other than to observe that it is one of two Italian magazines in Chicago &lt;em&gt;not &lt;/em&gt;written in a "language accessible to the average Italian with grammar school education." Note that Schiavo's book was originally published in 1928 by the Italian-American Publishing Company, which in 1917 published &lt;em&gt;Why Italy Entered into the World War &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Soltanto l'eliminazione della neutralità potrà subito e per sempre impedire le guerre, &lt;/em&gt;q.v., of Luigi Carnovale, discussed below, and copies of several of whose books in Italian are in the collection, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Statement of the ownership, management, circulation etc. required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912" within an issue of the magazine dated 1924 sheds little light: T. Lucidi is listed as owner, publisher, and editor, but you could figure that out from any issue of the magazine. No one else is listed in the statement, and there are no circulation figures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This monthly magazine that lasted for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 to 1929) and possibly longer was the "organ of the Italian Nature Association and of the Eclectic Universal Association." Of course, a "nature association" does sound like a nudist colony, not exactly a conventional (or even conventionally radical) fixture of Italian American life. Indeed, there are articles about sex - not exactly a staple of magazines of the left or the right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some sample articles: the May 1927 issue begins with an essay by founder and director Lucidi himself (see below) entitled "Cerebralism." It begins with a rather odd discussion of the principle by which Omar, in his decree as to the destruction of the library of Alexandria, said books that were consistent with the Koran could be destroyed as "superfluous," and books in it that were in disagreement with the Koran should be destroyed as dangerous and damaging. So, perforce, the writer is neither Catholic nor anti-clerical, unlike the vast majority of all the writers in the collection, and he is at least sympathetic to some aspects of the Muslim faith.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some hints beyond looking at some essays in some issues from what we know of Lucidi. He was the publisher of &lt;em&gt;La Parola&lt;/em&gt;, later called &lt;em&gt;La Parola Proletaria&lt;/em&gt;, according to Durante, and see &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo: rivista bimestrale. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Yet leftist (or other conventional) politics is not to be found in a sampling of issues of &lt;em&gt;Il messaggero. &lt;/em&gt;This is consistent with much of the teaching materials developed by the Italian American left, which often dealt with purely cultural (i.e., non-political) issues as part of its substitution for the broad role of the Church in the lives of less politically oriented Italian Americans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;The Messenger of Health&lt;/em&gt; - is just what it sounds like: a guide to how to improve one's health and well-being, irrespective of politics of any kind. The articles are by Italians and non-Italians alike, more of the latter. The same issue discussed above has an article by Rudolf Steiner, the Austrian philosopher, social reformer and esotericist, whose essay here discusses, besides Christianity, Yoga (as the wisdom of the East), Rosacrutionism and Gnosticism. Avem's &lt;em&gt;Geoterapia (Geotherapy)&lt;/em&gt;, whose subtitle in the ad is "Ritornate alla Natura!" - seemingly a call to join a nudist colony perhaps? - is heavily advertised in most issues, as is Aldo Lavagnini's &lt;em&gt;Eufisia: the art of staying well&lt;/em&gt;, promising "health, vigor, beauty and longevity."  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet the fact that this magazine was written entirely in Italian seems oddly out of character with the brave new world it appears to be introducing to its readers. That is, one might have imagined a magazine like this to have been written by and for Italians in &lt;em&gt;English&lt;/em&gt;, appealing to the more free-thinking, socially (not necessarily politically) progressive elements of the Italian immigrant community, eager to participate in American experiments of various sorts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A letter by Lucidi to one of the collection's authors, Luigi Carnovale, suggests that Lucidi was having trouble in 1921 - two years after the first issue - making a financial go of the magazine. We're delighted he managed to last for another 9 or so years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I found a copy for sale of one of the other works advertised in an issue of &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero, &lt;/em&gt;a curiously named brochure containing one "lecture", called &lt;em&gt;The Crusaders Academy of Science, Incorporated: Constituted for the promotion and development of the spiritual and mental faculties&lt;/em&gt;, directed by the Masters of the Crusaders Order of the World, of the Masonic Society, q.v. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ah, Masons! Finally something familiar, although Masons or Freemasons, like &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero&lt;/em&gt;, aren't found in the &lt;em&gt;Routledge History&lt;/em&gt; or the &lt;em&gt;Italian American Encyclopedia&lt;/em&gt;, but there is an excerpt from Michele Pane in Durante that speaks of a charcacter who is a "Venerable of the Freemasons of the Mazzini Lodge."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inside this typescript or mimeogaphed brochure, undated but perhaps 1932 (or so the seller opined), there is advertised "Transcychology," "the Ancient Mysteries," Occultism (Spiritualism-magnetism and Allied Sciences," and "Projection and Psychic Levitation-Systmes and Practices." The ad seems to be promoting "A Course of Superior Studies" compiled by Gaetano Russo, M.Ps.Sc., Director General of the Crusaders Order of the World. There follows episode No. 36 of the course, namely, "astrology-horoscopes." The cover contain a photograph of the headquarters, at 1857 Anthony Avenue, corner of Mt. Hope Place, in the Bronx. The building was previously the Shuttleworth mansion, built in 1896.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One could say that while there is heavy Italian American involvement or investment in the magazine, and the cults that support it, the philosophy is in no particular sense "Italian" or "Italian American." Perhaps even especially for that reason, this magazine shines light on what is to me a hitherto unknown aspect of Italian American culture in Italian in the early decades of the 20th century. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 44 or more issues of this magazine alone should keep a few graduate students busy for a while.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 10, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 106.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>T. Lucidi</text>
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                <text>Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/515"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 95 - Agosto [August] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Although not apparent at first blush, &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;published by the same Italian Labor Publishing Company of Chicago that published &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo&lt;/em&gt;, see discussion below, arose from socialist and anarchist cultural impulses that reflect the anti-clerical sources of wisdom for living among Italian Americans of the left.&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Surprisingly, Il &lt;em&gt;Messaggero&lt;/em&gt; has no mention in the standard reference works: in Durante, in the &lt;em&gt;Routledge History of Italian Americans&lt;/em&gt; (William Connell, Stanislao Pugliese, ed., 2018), &lt;em&gt;The Italian American Experience: an Encyclopedia&lt;/em&gt; (Sal LaGumina et al., 2000), &lt;em&gt;La Storia: Five Centuries of the Italian American Experience&lt;/em&gt; (Jerre Mangione, Ben Morreale, ed., 1992) or in any other reference work, even the excellent discussion of the non-political culture of the Italian American left in Marcella Bencivenni's &lt;em&gt;Italian Immigrant Radical Culture&lt;/em&gt;, in which time period (1890-1940) this magazine squarely fits. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, there is a brief and curious entry by Giovanni E. Schiavo in &lt;em&gt;The Italians in Chicago: A Study of Americanization&lt;/em&gt; (Reprint: New York, Arno Press, 1975), p. 107. There the magazine's existence and only the name of the publisher, "T. Lucidi," but not its printer, the Italian Labor Publishing Company - a socialist press, is noted, without comment other than to observe that it is one of two Italian magazines in Chicago &lt;em&gt;not &lt;/em&gt;written in a "language accessible to the average Italian with grammar school education." Note that Schiavo's book was originally published in 1928 by the Italian-American Publishing Company, which in 1917 published &lt;em&gt;Why Italy Entered into the World War &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Soltanto l'eliminazione della neutralità potrà subito e per sempre impedire le guerre, &lt;/em&gt;q.v., of Luigi Carnovale, discussed below, and copies of several of whose books in Italian are in the collection, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Statement of the ownership, management, circulation etc. required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912" within an issue of the magazine dated 1924 sheds little light: T. Lucidi is listed as owner, publisher, and editor, but you could figure that out from any issue of the magazine. No one else is listed in the statement, and there are no circulation figures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This monthly magazine that lasted for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 to 1929) and possibly longer was the "organ of the Italian Nature Association and of the Eclectic Universal Association." Of course, a "nature association" does sound like a nudist colony, not exactly a conventional (or even conventionally radical) fixture of Italian American life. Indeed, there are articles about sex - not exactly a staple of magazines of the left or the right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some sample articles: the May 1927 issue begins with an essay by founder and director Lucidi himself (see below) entitled "Cerebralism." It begins with a rather odd discussion of the principle by which Omar, in his decree as to the destruction of the library of Alexandria, said books that were consistent with the Koran could be destroyed as "superfluous," and books in it that were in disagreement with the Koran should be destroyed as dangerous and damaging. So, perforce, the writer is neither Catholic nor anti-clerical, unlike the vast majority of all the writers in the collection, and he is at least sympathetic to some aspects of the Muslim faith.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some hints beyond looking at some essays in some issues from what we know of Lucidi. He was the publisher of &lt;em&gt;La Parola&lt;/em&gt;, later called &lt;em&gt;La Parola Proletaria&lt;/em&gt;, according to Durante, and see &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo: rivista bimestrale. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Yet leftist (or other conventional) politics is not to be found in a sampling of issues of &lt;em&gt;Il messaggero. &lt;/em&gt;This is consistent with much of the teaching materials developed by the Italian American left, which often dealt with purely cultural (i.e., non-political) issues as part of its substitution for the broad role of the Church in the lives of less politically oriented Italian Americans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;The Messenger of Health&lt;/em&gt; - is just what it sounds like: a guide to how to improve one's health and well-being, irrespective of politics of any kind. The articles are by Italians and non-Italians alike, more of the latter. The same issue discussed above has an article by Rudolf Steiner, the Austrian philosopher, social reformer and esotericist, whose essay here discusses, besides Christianity, Yoga (as the wisdom of the East), Rosacrutionism and Gnosticism. Avem's &lt;em&gt;Geoterapia (Geotherapy)&lt;/em&gt;, whose subtitle in the ad is "Ritornate alla Natura!" - seemingly a call to join a nudist colony perhaps? - is heavily advertised in most issues, as is Aldo Lavagnini's &lt;em&gt;Eufisia: the art of staying well&lt;/em&gt;, promising "health, vigor, beauty and longevity."  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet the fact that this magazine was written entirely in Italian seems oddly out of character with the brave new world it appears to be introducing to its readers. That is, one might have imagined a magazine like this to have been written by and for Italians in &lt;em&gt;English&lt;/em&gt;, appealing to the more free-thinking, socially (not necessarily politically) progressive elements of the Italian immigrant community, eager to participate in American experiments of various sorts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A letter by Lucidi to one of the collection's authors, Luigi Carnovale, suggests that Lucidi was having trouble in 1921 - two years after the first issue - making a financial go of the magazine. We're delighted he managed to last for another 9 or so years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I found a copy for sale of one of the other works advertised in an issue of &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero, &lt;/em&gt;a curiously named brochure containing one "lecture", called &lt;em&gt;The Crusaders Academy of Science, Incorporated: Constituted for the promotion and development of the spiritual and mental faculties&lt;/em&gt;, directed by the Masters of the Crusaders Order of the World, of the Masonic Society, q.v. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ah, Masons! Finally something familiar, although Masons or Freemasons, like &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero&lt;/em&gt;, aren't found in the &lt;em&gt;Routledge History&lt;/em&gt; or the &lt;em&gt;Italian American Encyclopedia&lt;/em&gt;, but there is an excerpt from Michele Pane in Durante that speaks of a charcacter who is a "Venerable of the Freemasons of the Mazzini Lodge."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inside this typescript or mimeogaphed brochure, undated but perhaps 1932 (or so the seller opined), there is advertised "Transcychology," "the Ancient Mysteries," Occultism (Spiritualism-magnetism and Allied Sciences," and "Projection and Psychic Levitation-Systmes and Practices." The ad seems to be promoting "A Course of Superior Studies" compiled by Gaetano Russo, M.Ps.Sc., Director General of the Crusaders Order of the World. There follows episode No. 36 of the course, namely, "astrology-horoscopes." The cover contain a photograph of the headquarters, at 1857 Anthony Avenue, corner of Mt. Hope Place, in the Bronx. The building was previously the Shuttleworth mansion, built in 1896.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One could say that while there is heavy Italian American involvement or investment in the magazine, and the cults that support it, the philosophy is in no particular sense "Italian" or "Italian American." Perhaps even especially for that reason, this magazine shines light on what is to me a hitherto unknown aspect of Italian American culture in Italian in the early decades of the 20th century. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 44 or more issues of this magazine alone should keep a few graduate students busy for a while.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, there is a brief and curious entry by Giovanni E. Schiavo in &lt;em&gt;The Italians in Chicago: A Study of Americanization&lt;/em&gt; (Reprint: New York, Arno Press, 1975), p. 107. There the magazine's existence and only the name of the publisher, "T. Lucidi," but not its printer, the Italian Labor Publishing Company - a socialist press, is noted, without comment other than to observe that it is one of two Italian magazines in Chicago &lt;em&gt;not &lt;/em&gt;written in a "language accessible to the average Italian with grammar school education." Note that Schiavo's book was originally published in 1928 by the Italian-American Publishing Company, which in 1917 published &lt;em&gt;Why Italy Entered into the World War &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Soltanto l'eliminazione della neutralità potrà subito e per sempre impedire le guerre, &lt;/em&gt;q.v., of Luigi Carnovale, discussed below, and copies of several of whose books in Italian are in the collection, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Statement of the ownership, management, circulation etc. required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912" within an issue of the magazine dated 1924 sheds little light: T. Lucidi is listed as owner, publisher, and editor, but you could figure that out from any issue of the magazine. No one else is listed in the statement, and there are no circulation figures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This monthly magazine that lasted for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 to 1929) and possibly longer was the "organ of the Italian Nature Association and of the Eclectic Universal Association." Of course, a "nature association" does sound like a nudist colony, not exactly a conventional (or even conventionally radical) fixture of Italian American life. Indeed, there are articles about sex - not exactly a staple of magazines of the left or the right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some sample articles: the May 1927 issue begins with an essay by founder and director Lucidi himself (see below) entitled "Cerebralism." It begins with a rather odd discussion of the principle by which Omar, in his decree as to the destruction of the library of Alexandria, said books that were consistent with the Koran could be destroyed as "superfluous," and books in it that were in disagreement with the Koran should be destroyed as dangerous and damaging. So, perforce, the writer is neither Catholic nor anti-clerical, unlike the vast majority of all the writers in the collection, and he is at least sympathetic to some aspects of the Muslim faith.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some hints beyond looking at some essays in some issues from what we know of Lucidi. He was the publisher of &lt;em&gt;La Parola&lt;/em&gt;, later called &lt;em&gt;La Parola Proletaria&lt;/em&gt;, according to Durante, and see &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo: rivista bimestrale. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Yet leftist (or other conventional) politics is not to be found in a sampling of issues of &lt;em&gt;Il messaggero. &lt;/em&gt;This is consistent with much of the teaching materials developed by the Italian American left, which often dealt with purely cultural (i.e., non-political) issues as part of its substitution for the broad role of the Church in the lives of less politically oriented Italian Americans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;The Messenger of Health&lt;/em&gt; - is just what it sounds like: a guide to how to improve one's health and well-being, irrespective of politics of any kind. The articles are by Italians and non-Italians alike, more of the latter. The same issue discussed above has an article by Rudolf Steiner, the Austrian philosopher, social reformer and esotericist, whose essay here discusses, besides Christianity, Yoga (as the wisdom of the East), Rosacrutionism and Gnosticism. Avem's &lt;em&gt;Geoterapia (Geotherapy)&lt;/em&gt;, whose subtitle in the ad is "Ritornate alla Natura!" - seemingly a call to join a nudist colony perhaps? - is heavily advertised in most issues, as is Aldo Lavagnini's &lt;em&gt;Eufisia: the art of staying well&lt;/em&gt;, promising "health, vigor, beauty and longevity."  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet the fact that this magazine was written entirely in Italian seems oddly out of character with the brave new world it appears to be introducing to its readers. That is, one might have imagined a magazine like this to have been written by and for Italians in &lt;em&gt;English&lt;/em&gt;, appealing to the more free-thinking, socially (not necessarily politically) progressive elements of the Italian immigrant community, eager to participate in American experiments of various sorts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A letter by Lucidi to one of the collection's authors, Luigi Carnovale, suggests that Lucidi was having trouble in 1921 - two years after the first issue - making a financial go of the magazine. We're delighted he managed to last for another 9 or so years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I found a copy for sale of one of the other works advertised in an issue of &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero, &lt;/em&gt;a curiously named brochure containing one "lecture", called &lt;em&gt;The Crusaders Academy of Science, Incorporated: Constituted for the promotion and development of the spiritual and mental faculties&lt;/em&gt;, directed by the Masters of the Crusaders Order of the World, of the Masonic Society, q.v. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ah, Masons! Finally something familiar, although Masons or Freemasons, like &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero&lt;/em&gt;, aren't found in the &lt;em&gt;Routledge History&lt;/em&gt; or the &lt;em&gt;Italian American Encyclopedia&lt;/em&gt;, but there is an excerpt from Michele Pane in Durante that speaks of a charcacter who is a "Venerable of the Freemasons of the Mazzini Lodge."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inside this typescript or mimeogaphed brochure, undated but perhaps 1932 (or so the seller opined), there is advertised "Transcychology," "the Ancient Mysteries," Occultism (Spiritualism-magnetism and Allied Sciences," and "Projection and Psychic Levitation-Systmes and Practices." The ad seems to be promoting "A Course of Superior Studies" compiled by Gaetano Russo, M.Ps.Sc., Director General of the Crusaders Order of the World. There follows episode No. 36 of the course, namely, "astrology-horoscopes." The cover contain a photograph of the headquarters, at 1857 Anthony Avenue, corner of Mt. Hope Place, in the Bronx. The building was previously the Shuttleworth mansion, built in 1896.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One could say that while there is heavy Italian American involvement or investment in the magazine, and the cults that support it, the philosophy is in no particular sense "Italian" or "Italian American." Perhaps even especially for that reason, this magazine shines light on what is to me a hitherto unknown aspect of Italian American culture in Italian in the early decades of the 20th century. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 44 or more issues of this magazine alone should keep a few graduate students busy for a while.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 9, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 99.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Dicembre [December] 1927.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; 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                <text>For a discussion of this magazine that ran for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 - 1929), and that was utterly sui generis, neither radical, nor anti-fascist, nor fascist, nor bourgeois, see the general entry: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica&lt;/em&gt; [The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture]. Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] 1924 (Vol. 6) - Dicembre [December] 1929 (Anno XI).</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/515"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 95 - Agosto [August] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>For a discussion of this magazine that ran for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 - 1929), and that was utterly sui generis, neither radical, nor anti-fascist, nor fascist, nor bourgeois, see the general entry: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica&lt;/em&gt; [The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture]. Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] 1924 (Vol. 6) - Dicembre [December] 1929 (Anno XI).</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 9, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 96.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Settembre [September] 1927.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/515"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 95 - Agosto [August] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although not apparent at first blush, &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;published by the same Italian Labor Publishing Company of Chicago that published &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo&lt;/em&gt;, see discussion below, arose from socialist and anarchist cultural impulses that reflect the anti-clerical sources of wisdom for living among Italian Americans of the left.&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Surprisingly, Il &lt;em&gt;Messaggero&lt;/em&gt; has no mention in the standard reference works: in Durante, in the &lt;em&gt;Routledge History of Italian Americans&lt;/em&gt; (William Connell, Stanislao Pugliese, ed., 2018), &lt;em&gt;The Italian American Experience: an Encyclopedia&lt;/em&gt; (Sal LaGumina et al., 2000), &lt;em&gt;La Storia: Five Centuries of the Italian American Experience&lt;/em&gt; (Jerre Mangione, Ben Morreale, ed., 1992) or in any other reference work, even the excellent discussion of the non-political culture of the Italian American left in Marcella Bencivenni's &lt;em&gt;Italian Immigrant Radical Culture&lt;/em&gt;, in which time period (1890-1940) this magazine squarely fits.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, there is a brief and curious entry by Giovanni E. Schiavo in &lt;em&gt;The Italians in Chicago: A Study of Americanization&lt;/em&gt; (Reprint: New York, Arno Press, 1975), p. 107. There the magazine's existence and only the name of the publisher, "T. Lucidi," but not its printer, the Italian Labor Publishing Company - a socialist press, is noted, without comment other than to observe that it is one of two Italian magazines in Chicago &lt;em&gt;not &lt;/em&gt;written in a "language accessible to the average Italian with grammar school education." Note that Schiavo's book was originally published in 1928 by the Italian-American Publishing Company, which in 1917 published &lt;em&gt;Why Italy Entered into the World War &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Soltanto l'eliminazione della neutralità potrà subito e per sempre impedire le guerre, &lt;/em&gt;q.v., of Luigi Carnovale, discussed below, and copies of several of whose books in Italian are in the collection, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Statement of the ownership, management, circulation etc. required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912" within an issue of the magazine dated 1924 sheds little light: T. Lucidi is listed as owner, publisher, and editor, but you could figure that out from any issue of the magazine. No one else is listed in the statement, and there are no circulation figures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This monthly magazine that lasted for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 to 1929) and possibly longer was the "organ of the Italian Nature Association and of the Eclectic Universal Association." Of course, a "nature association" does sound like a nudist colony, not exactly a conventional (or even conventionally radical) fixture of Italian American life. Indeed, there are articles about sex - not exactly a staple of magazines of the left or the right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some sample articles: the May 1927 issue begins with an essay by founder and director Lucidi himself (see below) entitled "Cerebralism." It begins with a rather odd discussion of the principle by which Omar, in his decree as to the destruction of the library of Alexandria, said books that were consistent with the Koran could be destroyed as "superfluous," and books in it that were in disagreement with the Koran should be destroyed as dangerous and damaging. So, perforce, the writer is neither Catholic nor anti-clerical, unlike the vast majority of all the writers in the collection, and he is at least sympathetic to some aspects of the Muslim faith.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some hints beyond looking at some essays in some issues from what we know of Lucidi. He was the publisher of &lt;em&gt;La Parola&lt;/em&gt;, later called &lt;em&gt;La Parola Proletaria&lt;/em&gt;, according to Durante, and see &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo: rivista bimestrale. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Yet leftist (or other conventional) politics is not to be found in a sampling of issues of &lt;em&gt;Il messaggero. &lt;/em&gt;This is consistent with much of the teaching materials developed by the Italian American left, which often dealt with purely cultural (i.e., non-political) issues as part of its substitution for the broad role of the Church in the lives of less politically oriented Italian Americans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;The Messenger of Health&lt;/em&gt; - is just what it sounds like: a guide to how to improve one's health and well-being, irrespective of politics of any kind. The articles are by Italians and non-Italians alike, more of the latter. The same issue discussed above has an article by Rudolf Steiner, the Austrian philosopher, social reformer and esotericist, whose essay here discusses, besides Christianity, Yoga (as the wisdom of the East), Rosacrutionism and Gnosticism. Avem's &lt;em&gt;Geoterapia (Geotherapy)&lt;/em&gt;, whose subtitle in the ad is "Ritornate alla Natura!" - seemingly a call to join a nudist colony perhaps? - is heavily advertised in most issues, as is Aldo Lavagnini's &lt;em&gt;Eufisia: the art of staying well&lt;/em&gt;, promising "health, vigor, beauty and longevity."  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet the fact that this magazine was written entirely in Italian seems oddly out of character with the brave new world it appears to be introducing to its readers. That is, one might have imagined a magazine like this to have been written by and for Italians in &lt;em&gt;English&lt;/em&gt;, appealing to the more free-thinking, socially (not necessarily politically) progressive elements of the Italian immigrant community, eager to participate in American experiments of various sorts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A letter by Lucidi to one of the collection's authors, Luigi Carnovale, suggests that Lucidi was having trouble in 1921 - two years after the first issue - making a financial go of the magazine. We're delighted he managed to last for another 9 or so years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I found a copy for sale of one of the other works advertised in an issue of &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero, &lt;/em&gt;a curiously named brochure containing one "lecture", called &lt;em&gt;The Crusaders Academy of Science, Incorporated: Constituted for the promotion and development of the spiritual and mental faculties&lt;/em&gt;, directed by the Masters of the Crusaders Order of the World, of the Masonic Society, q.v. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ah, Masons! Finally something familiar, although Masons or Freemasons, like &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero&lt;/em&gt;, aren't found in the &lt;em&gt;Routledge History&lt;/em&gt; or the &lt;em&gt;Italian American Encyclopedia&lt;/em&gt;, but there is an excerpt from Michele Pane in Durante that speaks of a charcacter who is a "Venerable of the Freemasons of the Mazzini Lodge."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inside this typescript or mimeogaphed brochure, undated but perhaps 1932 (or so the seller opined), there is advertised "Transcychology," "the Ancient Mysteries," Occultism (Spiritualism-magnetism and Allied Sciences," and "Projection and Psychic Levitation-Systmes and Practices." The ad seems to be promoting "A Course of Superior Studies" compiled by Gaetano Russo, M.Ps.Sc., Director General of the Crusaders Order of the World. There follows episode No. 36 of the course, namely, "astrology-horoscopes." The cover contain a photograph of the headquarters, at 1857 Anthony Avenue, corner of Mt. Hope Place, in the Bronx. The building was previously the Shuttleworth mansion, built in 1896.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One could say that while there is heavy Italian American involvement or investment in the magazine, and the cults that support it, the philosophy is in no particular sense "Italian" or "Italian American." Perhaps even especially for that reason, this magazine shines light on what is to me a hitherto unknown aspect of Italian American culture in Italian in the early decades of the 20th century. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 44 or more issues of this magazine alone should keep a few graduate students busy for a while.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 9, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 95.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Agosto [August] 1927.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>T. Lucidi</text>
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                <text>Agosto [August] 1927</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>For a discussion of this magazine that ran for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 - 1929), and that was utterly sui generis, neither radical, nor anti-fascist, nor fascist, nor bourgeois, see the general entry: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica&lt;/em&gt; [The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture]. Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] 1924 (Vol. 6) - Dicembre [December] 1929 (Anno XI).</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 9, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 94.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Luglio [July] 1927.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/515"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 95 - Agosto [August] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 9, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 93.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Giugno [June] 1927.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/515"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 95 - Agosto [August] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Although not apparent at first blush, &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;published by the same Italian Labor Publishing Company of Chicago that published &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo&lt;/em&gt;, see discussion below, arose from socialist and anarchist cultural impulses that reflect the anti-clerical sources of wisdom for living among Italian Americans of the left.&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Surprisingly, Il &lt;em&gt;Messaggero&lt;/em&gt; has no mention in the standard reference works: in Durante, in the &lt;em&gt;Routledge History of Italian Americans&lt;/em&gt; (William Connell, Stanislao Pugliese, ed., 2018), &lt;em&gt;The Italian American Experience: an Encyclopedia&lt;/em&gt; (Sal LaGumina et al., 2000), &lt;em&gt;La Storia: Five Centuries of the Italian American Experience&lt;/em&gt; (Jerre Mangione, Ben Morreale, ed., 1992) or in any other reference work, even the excellent discussion of the non-political culture of the Italian American left in Marcella Bencivenni's &lt;em&gt;Italian Immigrant Radical Culture&lt;/em&gt;, in which time period (1890-1940) this magazine squarely fits.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, there is a brief and curious entry by Giovanni E. Schiavo in &lt;em&gt;The Italians in Chicago: A Study of Americanization&lt;/em&gt; (Reprint: New York, Arno Press, 1975), p. 107. There the magazine's existence and only the name of the publisher, "T. Lucidi," but not its printer, the Italian Labor Publishing Company - a socialist press, is noted, without comment other than to observe that it is one of two Italian magazines in Chicago &lt;em&gt;not &lt;/em&gt;written in a "language accessible to the average Italian with grammar school education." Note that Schiavo's book was originally published in 1928 by the Italian-American Publishing Company, which in 1917 published &lt;em&gt;Why Italy Entered into the World War &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Soltanto l'eliminazione della neutralità potrà subito e per sempre impedire le guerre, &lt;/em&gt;q.v., of Luigi Carnovale, discussed below, and copies of several of whose books in Italian are in the collection, q.v.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Statement of the ownership, management, circulation etc. required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912" within an issue of the magazine dated 1924 sheds little light: T. Lucidi is listed as owner, publisher, and editor, but you could figure that out from any issue of the magazine. No one else is listed in the statement, and there are no circulation figures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This monthly magazine that lasted for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 to 1929) and possibly longer was the "organ of the Italian Nature Association and of the Eclectic Universal Association." Of course, a "nature association" does sound like a nudist colony, not exactly a conventional (or even conventionally radical) fixture of Italian American life. Indeed, there are articles about sex - not exactly a staple of magazines of the left or the right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some sample articles: the May 1927 issue begins with an essay by founder and director Lucidi himself (see below) entitled "Cerebralism." It begins with a rather odd discussion of the principle by which Omar, in his decree as to the destruction of the library of Alexandria, said books that were consistent with the Koran could be destroyed as "superfluous," and books in it that were in disagreement with the Koran should be destroyed as dangerous and damaging. So, perforce, the writer is neither Catholic nor anti-clerical, unlike the vast majority of all the writers in the collection, and he is at least sympathetic to some aspects of the Muslim faith.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some hints beyond looking at some essays in some issues from what we know of Lucidi. He was the publisher of &lt;em&gt;La Parola&lt;/em&gt;, later called &lt;em&gt;La Parola Proletaria&lt;/em&gt;, according to Durante, and see &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo: rivista bimestrale. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Yet leftist (or other conventional) politics is not to be found in a sampling of issues of &lt;em&gt;Il messaggero. &lt;/em&gt;This is consistent with much of the teaching materials developed by the Italian American left, which often dealt with purely cultural (i.e., non-political) issues as part of its substitution for the broad role of the Church in the lives of less politically oriented Italian Americans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;The Messenger of Health&lt;/em&gt; - is just what it sounds like: a guide to how to improve one's health and well-being, irrespective of politics of any kind. The articles are by Italians and non-Italians alike, more of the latter. The same issue discussed above has an article by Rudolf Steiner, the Austrian philosopher, social reformer and esotericist, whose essay here discusses, besides Christianity, Yoga (as the wisdom of the East), Rosacrutionism and Gnosticism. Avem's &lt;em&gt;Geoterapia (Geotherapy)&lt;/em&gt;, whose subtitle in the ad is "Ritornate alla Natura!" - seemingly a call to join a nudist colony perhaps? - is heavily advertised in most issues, as is Aldo Lavagnini's &lt;em&gt;Eufisia: the art of staying well&lt;/em&gt;, promising "health, vigor, beauty and longevity."  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet the fact that this magazine was written entirely in Italian seems oddly out of character with the brave new world it appears to be introducing to its readers. That is, one might have imagined a magazine like this to have been written by and for Italians in &lt;em&gt;English&lt;/em&gt;, appealing to the more free-thinking, socially (not necessarily politically) progressive elements of the Italian immigrant community, eager to participate in American experiments of various sorts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A letter by Lucidi to one of the collection's authors, Luigi Carnovale, suggests that Lucidi was having trouble in 1921 - two years after the first issue - making a financial go of the magazine. We're delighted he managed to last for another 9 or so years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I found a copy for sale of one of the other works advertised in an issue of &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero, &lt;/em&gt;a curiously named brochure containing one "lecture", called &lt;em&gt;The Crusaders Academy of Science, Incorporated: Constituted for the promotion and development of the spiritual and mental faculties&lt;/em&gt;, directed by the Masters of the Crusaders Order of the World, of the Masonic Society, q.v. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ah, Masons! Finally something familiar, although Masons or Freemasons, like &lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero&lt;/em&gt;, aren't found in the &lt;em&gt;Routledge History&lt;/em&gt; or the &lt;em&gt;Italian American Encyclopedia&lt;/em&gt;, but there is an excerpt from Michele Pane in Durante that speaks of a charcacter who is a "Venerable of the Freemasons of the Mazzini Lodge."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inside this typescript or mimeogaphed brochure, undated but perhaps 1932 (or so the seller opined), there is advertised "Transcychology," "the Ancient Mysteries," Occultism (Spiritualism-magnetism and Allied Sciences," and "Projection and Psychic Levitation-Systmes and Practices." The ad seems to be promoting "A Course of Superior Studies" compiled by Gaetano Russo, M.Ps.Sc., Director General of the Crusaders Order of the World. There follows episode No. 36 of the course, namely, "astrology-horoscopes." The cover contain a photograph of the headquarters, at 1857 Anthony Avenue, corner of Mt. Hope Place, in the Bronx. The building was previously the Shuttleworth mansion, built in 1896.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One could say that while there is heavy Italian American involvement or investment in the magazine, and the cults that support it, the philosophy is in no particular sense "Italian" or "Italian American." Perhaps even especially for that reason, this magazine shines light on what is to me a hitherto unknown aspect of Italian American culture in Italian in the early decades of the 20th century. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 44 or more issues of this magazine alone should keep a few graduate students busy for a while.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 9, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 92.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Maggio [May] 1927.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>T. Lucidi</text>
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                <text>Maggio [May] 1927</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/511"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 91 - Aprile [April] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/515"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 95 - Agosto [August] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>For a discussion of this magazine that ran for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 - 1929), and that was utterly sui generis, neither radical, nor anti-fascist, nor fascist, nor bourgeois, see the general entry: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica&lt;/em&gt; [The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture]. Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] 1924 (Vol. 6) - Dicembre [December] 1929 (Anno XI).</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;[&lt;span&gt;The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture], &lt;strong&gt;Anno 9, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No. 91.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Aprile [April] 1927.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/481"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. 55 - Gennaio [January] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/482"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 57 - Marzo [March] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/483"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 58 - Aprile [April] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/484"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 59 - Maggio [May] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/485"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 60 - Giugno [June] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/486"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 61 - Luglio [July] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/487"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 6, No. 62 - Agosto [August] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/488"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 63 - Settembre [September] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/489"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 64 - Ottobre [October] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/490"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 65 - Novembre [November] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/491"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 6, No. 66 - Dicembre [December] 1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/492"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 67 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/493"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 68 - Marzo [March] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/494"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;No. 69 - Aprile [April] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/495"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 70 - Maggio [May] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/496"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 71 - Giugno [June] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/497"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 72 - Luglio [July] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/498"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 74 - Settembre [September] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/499"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 7, No. 75 - Ottobre [October] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/500"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 7, No. 76 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1925&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/501"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 77 - Gennaio [January] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/502"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 78 - Febbraio [February] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/503"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 79 - Marzo [March] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/504"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 80 - Aprile [April] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/505"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 81 - Maggio [May] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/506"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 82 - Giugno [June] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/507"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 84 - Agosto [August] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/508"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 85 - Settembre [September] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/554"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute,&lt;/em&gt; Anno 8, No. 86 - Ottobre [October] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/509"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 8, No. 87 - Novembre-Dicembre [November-December] 1926&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/555"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute&lt;/em&gt;, Anno 9, No. 88 - Gennaio [January] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/510"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 90 - Marzo [March] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/512"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 92 - Maggio [May] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/513"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 93 - Giugno [June] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/514"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 94 - Luglio [July] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/515"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 95 - Agosto [August] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/516"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 96 - Settembre [September] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/517"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 98 - Novembre [November] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/518"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 9, No. 99 - Dicembre [December] 1927&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/519"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 10, No. 106 - Agosto-Settembre [August-September] 1928&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/520"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 108 - Gennaio-Febbraio [January-February] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/521"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 109 - Marzo-Maggio [March-May] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/522"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 110 - Giugno-Luglio [June-July] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/523"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute, &lt;/em&gt;Anno 11, No. 111 - Dicembre [December] 1929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/480"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute &lt;/em&gt;[main entry]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Italian Labor Publishing Co.</text>
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                <text>For a discussion of this magazine that ran for at least eleven years (1918 or 1919 - 1929), and that was utterly sui generis, neither radical, nor anti-fascist, nor fascist, nor bourgeois, see the general entry: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Il Messaggero della Salute: rivista mensile d'igiene, di terapia fisio-psichica e di cultura eclettica&lt;/em&gt; [The Messenger of Health: a monthly review of hygiene, of physico-psychiatric therapy, and of eclectic culture]. Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] 1924 (Vol. 6) - Dicembre [December] 1929 (Anno XI).</text>
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        <name>Italian Labor Publishing Co.</name>
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