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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Periodicals: newspapers and magazines Description An account of the resource The collection is rich in hard to find magazines and/or newspapers like Ernesto Valentini's Zarathustra, Vincenzo Vacirca's Il Solco and La Strada, Aldino Felicani's La Controcorrente, Il Proletario, Enrico Arrigoni's Eresia, Carlo Tresca's Il Martello and Guardia Rossa, Antonino Capraro's Alba Nuova, Arturo Giovannitti's Vita, Agostino De Biasi's Il Carroccio, T. Lucidi's Il Messaggero della Salute, Guido Podrecca's and Gabriele Galantara's L'Asino (this last mostly published in Rome) and others. As Francesco Durante rightly observed in Italoamericana, understanding the contribution of journalism among Italian Americans - almost solely in Italian at the outset - to the community life, as well as to the culture of the immigrant community, is central to understanding that community. Virtually all of the writers whose book-length works we see and celebrate in the collection, whether political or not, began their writing careers with newspaper or magazine writing. Some even immigrated to the U.S. precisely to do just that, but those were exceptional. The politics of the magazines and newspapers ran the gamut from left to right, and some - e.g., Il Messaggero della Salute - were not really political in that sense at all. The separation often observed between the political and the literary sections of the magazines is surprising and deserves examination all by itself: one can find the stories of Clara Vacirca, married to and sharing the political leanings of the socialist Vincenzo Vacirca, published in the right-wing Il Carroccio, and less overtly political writers like Salvatore Benanti and Federico Mennella often contributed literary pieces to leftist periodicals like La Follia di New York. For example, Mennella wrote the dialect column for La Follia for some time. The catholic nature of the magazines in the literary culture of the Italians reflected one of its strengths. Whatever the mixture of news from Italy and from America, whether "news events," or political or cultural commentary, short stories or poems, whether from Italians still in Italy or immigrants in the U.S. or translated from German, French. English or Russian - all of which were quite prevalent - or elaborations of philosophies of living, sometimes imported but sometimes "home-grown" in the U.S., the magazines and newspapers provide a rich insight into this world. Beyond the articles themselves were, in many cases, letters to the editors and lists of new subscribers (and the cities and towns they lived in), both of which enlarge our understanding of what parts of the immigrant community were reached and affected by the printed word. This, too, is a subject that deserves close examination, and has been discussed recently, for example, in a fine essay by historian Adam Quinn discussing whether the Cronaca Sovversiva of the anti-organizational anarchist Luigi Galleani was a "seditious rag" or a community newspaper - or both. Quinn clearly concludes that it was both. The same can be said for Il Martello, La Follia di New York, Il Carroccio and many of the other political magazines - they were part of the "glue" that held together the Italian community quite beyond their immediate political messages. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource L'Adunata dei Refrattari [The Call of the "Refractaries"]. New York, 1945-1961. Description An account of the resource The collection includes: L'Adunata dei Refrattari, Volume XXIV, Numero 7 - February 17, 1945 L'Adunata dei Refrattari, Volume XL, Number 8 - February 25, 1961. L'Adunata was the "reborn" version of the Cronaca Sovversiva of Luigi Galleani (circulation between 3,200 and 5,000 between 1912 and 1918, according to Avrich 1991, 50 and Pernicone, Cannistraro & Meyer 2003, 81), which ceased publication when its founding editor and inspiration was deported from the United States to Italy in 1919. L'Adunata was begun and run by Galleani's followers in the U.S. after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, and edited by Raffaele Schiavina, who wrote and published under the name "Max Sartin," q.v. several works of his in the Collection. Its circulation between 1922 and 1939 was reportedly 5,000 (Paul Berman, "The Torch and the Axe: The Unknown Aftermath of the Sacco-Vanzetti Affair." The Village Voice, 17 May 1988) The publishing arm of L'Adunata - the Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari - released many full-length works (typically, collections of shorter pieces), like those in the Collection, q.v., as well as pamphlets, sometimes without Galleani’s authorization, due to his being unreachable in exile on the island of Lipari. L’Adunata also published Galleani in Europe, e.g., in Rome as late as 1947, often using the same printer’s mark (a mermaid-like torchbearer) he used in the earliest of his works. The international character of the movement had long been clear: in one work, readers of an Italian-language edition of Organizzazione e anarchia, published in Paris (by L. Chauvet) sometime after 1925, are urged in a message in the inside rear cover to buy a copy of Galleani’s La fine dell’anarchismo?, published in the United States (Newark) in 1925. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Periodicals: newspapers and magazines Description An account of the resource The collection is rich in hard to find magazines and/or newspapers like Ernesto Valentini's Zarathustra, Vincenzo Vacirca's Il Solco and La Strada, Aldino Felicani's La Controcorrente, Il Proletario, Enrico Arrigoni's Eresia, Carlo Tresca's Il Martello and Guardia Rossa, Antonino Capraro's Alba Nuova, Arturo Giovannitti's Vita, Agostino De Biasi's Il Carroccio, T. Lucidi's Il Messaggero della Salute, Guido Podrecca's and Gabriele Galantara's L'Asino (this last mostly published in Rome) and others. As Francesco Durante rightly observed in Italoamericana, understanding the contribution of journalism among Italian Americans - almost solely in Italian at the outset - to the community life, as well as to the culture of the immigrant community, is central to understanding that community. Virtually all of the writers whose book-length works we see and celebrate in the collection, whether political or not, began their writing careers with newspaper or magazine writing. Some even immigrated to the U.S. precisely to do just that, but those were exceptional. The politics of the magazines and newspapers ran the gamut from left to right, and some - e.g., Il Messaggero della Salute - were not really political in that sense at all. The separation often observed between the political and the literary sections of the magazines is surprising and deserves examination all by itself: one can find the stories of Clara Vacirca, married to and sharing the political leanings of the socialist Vincenzo Vacirca, published in the right-wing Il Carroccio, and less overtly political writers like Salvatore Benanti and Federico Mennella often contributed literary pieces to leftist periodicals like La Follia di New York. For example, Mennella wrote the dialect column for La Follia for some time. The catholic nature of the magazines in the literary culture of the Italians reflected one of its strengths. Whatever the mixture of news from Italy and from America, whether "news events," or political or cultural commentary, short stories or poems, whether from Italians still in Italy or immigrants in the U.S. or translated from German, French. English or Russian - all of which were quite prevalent - or elaborations of philosophies of living, sometimes imported but sometimes "home-grown" in the U.S., the magazines and newspapers provide a rich insight into this world. Beyond the articles themselves were, in many cases, letters to the editors and lists of new subscribers (and the cities and towns they lived in), both of which enlarge our understanding of what parts of the immigrant community were reached and affected by the printed word. This, too, is a subject that deserves close examination, and has been discussed recently, for example, in a fine essay by historian Adam Quinn discussing whether the Cronaca Sovversiva of the anti-organizational anarchist Luigi Galleani was a "seditious rag" or a community newspaper - or both. Quinn clearly concludes that it was both. The same can be said for Il Martello, La Follia di New York, Il Carroccio and many of the other political magazines - they were part of the "glue" that held together the Italian community quite beyond their immediate political messages. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nazioni Unite [The United Nations Weekly of the "Mazzini Society"]. New York, 1942-1943. Description An account of the resource The collection includes: Nazioni Unite, Anno I, N. 1 - 5 Marzo [March] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, N. 2 - 12 Marzo [March] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 3 - 19 Marzo [March] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 4 - 26 Marzo [March] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 5 - 2 Aprile [April] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 6 - 9 Aprile [April] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 7 - 16 Aprile [April] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 8 - 23 Aprile [April] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 9 - 30 Aprile [April] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 12 - 21 Maggio [May] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 13 - 28 Maggio [May] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 14 - 4 Giugno [June] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 15 - 11 Giugno [June] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 16 - 18 Giugno [June] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 17 - 25 Giugno [June] 1952 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 18 - 2 Luglio [July] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 19 - 9 Luglio [July] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 20 - 16 Luglio [July] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 22 - 30 Luglio [July] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 23 - 6 Agosto [August] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 25 - 20 Agosto [August] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno I, No. 28 - 10 Settembre [September] 1942 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 1 - 7 Gennaio [January] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 2 - 14 Gennaio [January] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 3 - 21 Gennaio [January] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 4 - 28 Gennaio [January] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 5 - 4 Febbraio [February] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 6 - 11 Febbraio [February] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 7 - 18 Febbraio [February] Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 8 - 25 Febbraio [February] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 9 - 4 Marzo [March] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 10 - 11 Marzo [March] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 11 - 18 Marzo [March] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 12 - 25 Marzo [March] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 13 - 1 Aprile [April] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 14 - 8 Aprile [April] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 15 - 15 Aprile [April] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 16 - 22 Aprile [April] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 17 - 29 Aprile [April] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 18 - 6 Maggio [May] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 19 - 20 Maggio [May] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 20 - 3 Giugno [June] 1943 Nazioni Unite, Anno II, Numero 21 - 17 Giugno [June] 1943 This weekly newspaper, in large format, running only four pages, was publsihed by the Mazzini Society. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 57.5x44cm Language A language of the resource Italian newspaper press periodical Salvemini https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/0c2344e8cc408de7af4427c6838c18b9.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=pG6szzFgpECkz3TaTgcOGixKimAzpd8zDULaQPUKtVuh%7Ea7gvrLcCj9ikY%7EL7Jvz5p1sNJjS-dPANoXEWB3GAIyCQjA0b8D16wkui4Io9-1o2sJrw9PSQK8ac7zFsYigKus81D1hE-Cz2zjTzFGplBeRw4Jsw9D58QP0fQbgU80FedcIds6vsGHM-BSjmUfKzcB17rkPCmABvvvCuJmsyL0Kyr4UucUqaO%7EsgEODdSr7jP6N-QJnCpp3-OflY84FYAnNCjYLhbYnMPnAYiQzcGY1drU1wImb4z36UyURao06bHEbFXzn7HqaZOMVRDjeXXNx8QrydJ5oOE-llbhbnQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 311135a89da247f8b6fde21e6769e6a7 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/051b0b8c4df6e1954bd159a1a2e79d65.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=WcMJ%7E4iLaRWBbXrsZylcoNsf26YmS4RUtulpUUhSbUNKomjWvtOqcHOxmqnxSaPWZw9-0MuyAo%7EfL5mEo2kAOJOFSu0VTV-HKG3hGc6nJipnuo4EAVgEwxmFm-M2tDcCzKjuyO7sG2SjQ-tzYuRn-fPRhOLf5uTo0jA8oYijexkWMTizbFIn6d2cCuhdOgdvW0732ir9uX7aJeBd2lxl4MIHqSsYm2yBNVehBXPSubbIXgbRYL9VyoBhUU-RjQOnfGKWZ0gIQ7w76vrabdkr3w1S12R1mkMLwmVx4B--rbBOVACzPOwLxq8Be9gIF8Ub5p6t5mIV4DebqsjmeGqvIQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e84bf949171a64c08f12e4ac430084e9 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/baff9f1fa1d0ea53cd69324dde5421c6.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=nkYzDaf5u0FOZaDIgwAuUaLMcTgFkYsZFlWqd4fAMDvXbvR-rlKdj4-2junB92gdTd4zic4RwIry4lp3qsIadhReAbdGOdLDXOG6nRpi2LmZ8-5b2SRw5YdSVv9tdMuzI7-UdQ4PGUQitX3uYVkxPBaG1v3wAP1Du6Q5Tef5-4zsDP-ar3owEpOMUQWfgLvZgNl4BcLGpdQ6d-x6Fr5ArTaMaWPqoYJwNefhJNcicFvJsX-OrLB-Y3iFQnwv%7EYlfebpI4%7EqKZTyOv-bzREMctP-wHNoibKSY9mmA8LIRI4lLmedFV288DUIYn-WPom0HxJVsnuB2c5VDeuYwrFn-Gw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 508bd5517ad68af9936e161f7cf6640f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Autograph letter, signed of Vincenzo Polidori, one of the founders and owners of Il Progresso Italo-Americano, December 3, 1885 to William Shipman, Esq., attorney for the landlord of the building in which Il Progresso was housed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vincenzo Polidori Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available N/A (autographed letter, signed) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 3, 1885. Description An account of the resource The letter notes the inclusion, in the envelope, of a rent payment to the landlord (through his attorney). Polidori and Il Progresso's co-owner Carlo Barsotti, soon came to part ways - Durante notes that they became embroiled in bitter litigation against each other - and Barsotti became sole owner not long after this letter was written. In 1887, Polidori began a new newspaper called the Cristoforo Colombo and, according to Giuseppe Gaja (in his Ricordi d'un giornalista errante (Torino, 1919)) at 83, also started Araldo Italiano. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Proletario [The Worker], Anno 28. Chicago, Brooklyn: Industrial Workers of the World, 1924. Description An account of the resource The full run of issues of Il Proletario from 1924, companion volume to the full run of 1923 issues also in the collection. This most important I.W.W. newspaper (which began in 1896 and lasted until 1946) was edited at various times by an all-star list of the Italian American left, from Carlo Tresca and Mario De Ciampis to Arturo Giovannitti, Angelo Faggi, Giuseppe Cannata and Edmondo Rossoni. The motto of the paper, evident on this page, is “Educazione – organizzazione – emancipazione. Conquistando la fabbrica, conquisteremo il mondo [Education – organization – emancipation. Subduing the factory, we will conquer the world]. The “Hour for Action” lead story is by Mario De Ciampis. Besides his role as a long-time editor of Il Proletario, De Ciampis was a leading historian of the Federazione Socialista Italiana, and a close associate of Carlo Tresca. Ironically, unlike 1923, q.v., there was no May Day issue in 1924, because the newspaper was in the middle of moving its base of operations from Chicago to Brooklyn, where it remained. See Durante, Italoamericana, for a good discussion of the trajectory of this important newspaper, going back to its early years early in the 20th century. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mario De Ciampis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Industrial Workers of the World Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924 Language A language of the resource Italian Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/524">Il Proletario, Anno 27 - 1923</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/468">Il Proletario [main entry]</a> 1921-1930 Chicago I.W.W. Il Proletario magazine newspaper press periodical https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/db28a8827744ef336270a2080ae84412.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=VOVbWyw2z2LOTb4Xef3KR9t3pG4kXeY7xOyS8SlEDykKI5bp0odJ8AUZGMndokTyEQr6emGLdwziVz5eqpBLzcL8yL78SSR3lMy4z8T-lc-vwgdjzYHVITpWYYzbhqBMKJLO%7EczAbe0MYPWTjvDv3xELSewZ5%7E8M%7EzWBjNnn4hM1sOlfQMVn%7EV92DOms7JMwSTSTaFyZaspF6uI3iBedObdDBnXfS9HQYZY1NQ5nRbgf7qotQsTOhfMrUot30QWhNgDFYG607w60O%7EJB0q6Ncq2gM9UNWg8plVzsy4TclMsflmm3spcfEVogAYNVi59Gqo2wkjpe2EpYv83UDtWZHw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6f2423e20da9ce0b94de7f7334965f53 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/051e014d66519208c90305dd5b28e1e5.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=eGNjE45ok1KpkUgaoj1io3H%7E-1LptwOKsZQqdhSSEedbH1oz5-oK74XZtBR3AIE8Ro8IjY%7Er4EmA5MrpcUoc%7EzkZlCOVcXl9VQQVV7G4YzKKAtSVUn0HDdyquqvXDi8Npl1epOBFbOnbcj8%7EcCQix9BYBp0NlsGeDbitGzHskhq%7En798dEjLoFKIb52ClH1hZTd%7EcLyC09b22cvrBsTrpCFgkBi9trceNTvy96BcGzNFieoQHjTqarbApseEivbohZ-wHz6n8m5alGcz1XyhvUSOBv6bXJ5VZo2gk5VKXS-9KJSs6LIVdiZ-tRlwpA48BRA3e7l0BsdmFswBaWC77w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 465fc00d00f5e2ab23fd32bb29fc395b https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/74ac7cff3216ac124825ca62a59bec8a.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=L3ljVorGUb9p6dWs4-GPpf8HewlrJmqzVl5AWsn1vDly3ZIZpCn6iK8yran1b6%7EXmjKkEKJjUKMsATrUD7CfjObMxdBGF0UxNfgzar72obryiVt2dNRiUx4g9HEt%7ERw57SW94caEGYyEdmG4Vph7ZnuqHz%7ENZpCQNiMolEqIGYvkQ5c1792WM0sDS0Blr6UswJa5IzNah9OZZHli8RQCvpwW%7EnMCs2y1uPO-45KeA80NN70YVWiw2r2kXtbHPHzbJElhqdQaEFY8HByIVVJHSD7yOrvJJGpVaviNSkFps1slY8VPJFcHz85mBbz3qrlSLiUz10lHHLMCkkRqzesOWw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e34e485ab2ab34c2f12d5ccff79dae0b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Proletario [The Worker], Anno 27. Chicago: Industrial Workers of the World, 1923. Description An account of the resource The full run of issues of Il Proletario from 1923, the companion volume of the 1924 full run in the collection. The front page of the May Day 1923 issue of Il Proletario feautres a striking cover illustration, captioned “The heads of the monstrous snakes finally fall, shattered,” that shows a muscular, bare-breasted woman about to strike, with an axe, a many-headed snake that threatens the children standing behind her, an image that reflects the symbolic importance of May Day among italian radicals in the New World with the rare use of red (or of any color) ink. The “hour for Action” lead story is by Mario De Ciampis. relatively early on, May Day turned into a more joyous celebration as well, with food, drink and dancing, in addition to poetry readings and dramatic performances, such as Pietro Gori’s Primo Maggio (May Day). The verso of this front page contains a poem by Virgilia D’Andrea entitled “Primo Maggio.” De Ciampis was a long-time editor of Il Proletario, leading historian of the Federazione Socialista italiana, and a close associate of Carlo Tresca. Ironically, there was no May Day issue the following year, 1924, see the companion volume, because the newspaper was in the middle of moving its base of operations from Chicago to brooklyn, where it remained. May Day had its origins as early as 1886, when unions and anarchist groups in Chicago led a series of demonstrations and protests demanding an eight-hour day, resulting in the haymarket massacre on May 4 of that year, in which several demonstrators and policemen were killed by a bomb thrown at the police. Five anarchists were subsequently executed for their participation, though no evidence linked them to the bombing. France declared May 1 as the international holiday of workers of the world in 1890. Traditional May Day celebrations remained alive among immigrants and the working class even after President Grover Cleveland in 1887 supported the Knights of labor’s recommendation that workers’ day be celebrated in September as labor Day. early May Day celebrations included strikes, mass protests and demonstrations, often ending in violence and police confrontations. For a good discussion of the history and significance of May Day among Italian immigrants of the left, see Marcella Bencivenni, Italian Immigrant Radical Culture: the Idealism of the Sovversivi in the United States, 1890-1940 (New York: NYU Press, 2011). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mario De Ciampis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Industrial Workers of the World Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1923 Language A language of the resource Italian Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/525">Il Proletario, Anno 28 - 1924</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/468">Il Proletario [main entry]</a> 1921-1930 Chicago I.W.W. Il Proletario newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/de37959e4f596cb283d90207ecf86482.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=NcnB-uygL76-ztc3v6Gs9kW2nhWjs2kUo3epTLuKnfNSXYg20etq%7EBKFv0q2VRcpvzCNsoC7YrTidJlXZOeL56tKM5Kqv5lpFYhAqJtZgpHTjmLWIghO0-QmiQMwGwq7RMRngIO7Uwu-iYrWcJE9M6R%7E38SWO26MpeuKaR69wyyNNS3OFsmVVvvnebdyqxnKB3Z6rYNE726yD9mvy1wyBISHykarxcSuX7e7q5pcT5%7ExriLXsf-CAbdv9fO0oaXUcoJRn4hiM2%7EjcS7Fu4HHsj%7E4c2OJ1%7EENs%7EHFXBJDtUpFC-w5gY4w0yM9cJVvTh2NFiD6mnVK6vtLsVhIyirr8Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0adff773a19ce6bfc0566d90fcbaa55c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This is the front page of the May Day 1923 issue (and a photo of the second of the two volumes, the one with all 1924 issues) of Il Proletario, the I.W.W. newspaper edited at various times by authors whose works fill the collection, including Carlo Tresca, Mario De Ciampis, Arturo Giovannitti, Angelo Faggi, Giuseppe Cannata and Edmondo Rossoni. The striking cover illustration, captioned “The heads of the monstrous snakes finally fall, shattered,” shows a muscular, bare-breasted woman about to strike, with an axe, a many-headed snake that threatens the children standing behind her, an image that reflects the symbolic importance of May Day among Italian radicals in the New World with the rare use of red (or of any color) ink. Like the masthead design, it is signed “391,” which was the name of the French Dada-ist and Surrealist artist Francis Picabia’s magazine published at times in Paris and New York until 1924, and whose design colors were also black, red and white. The potential connection with this French artist is further suggested by a famous article by then-editor Rossoni in Il Proletario entitled “Liberty and Blood,” in which he wrote, “Liberty is not just a pretty woman. . . . Rather, she is a strong woman with strong breasts and a rough voice, with fire in her eyes . . .” This passage in the Francophile Rossoni’s article was based on a 19th-century French poem by Auguste Barbier, which lauded a symbolic Woman Liberty. The motto of the paper, evident on this page, is “Educazione – organizzazione – emancipazione. Conquistando la fabbrica, conquisteremo il mondo [Education – organization – emancipation. Subduing the factory, we will conquer the world]. The “Hour for Action” lead story is by Mario De Ciampis. Relatively early on, May Day turned into a more joyous celebration as well, with food, drink and dancing, in addition to poetry readings and dramatic performances, such as Pietro Gori’s Primo Maggio (May Day). The verso of this front page contains a poem by Virgilia D’Andrea entitled “Primo Maggio.” De Ciampis was a long-time editor of Il Proletario, leading historian of the Federazione Socialista Italiana, and a close associate of Carlo Tresca. Ironically, there was no May Day issue the following year, 1924, because the newspaper was in the middle of moving its base of operations from Chicago to Brooklyn, where it remained. The collection has the full run of 1923–1924 issues. Marcella Bencivenna's Italian Immigrant Radical Culture: the Idealism of the Sovversivi in the U.S. 1890-1940 does an excellent job of describing May Day. May Day had its origins as early as 1886, when unions and anarchist groups in Chicago led a series of demonstrations and protests demanding an eight-hour day, resulting in the Haymarket massacre on May 4 of that year, in which several demonstrators and policemen were killed by a bomb thrown at the police. Five anarchists were subsequently executed for their participation, though no evidence linked them to the bombing. France declared May 1 as the international holiday of workers of the world in 1890. Traditional May Day celebrations remained alive among immigrants and the working class even after President Grover Cleveland in 1887 supported the Knights of Labor’s recommendation that workers’ day be celebrated in September as Labor Day, to disconnect the labor movement from early May Day celebrations, which included strikes, mass protests and demonstrations, often ending in violence and police confrontations. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Periodicals: newspapers and magazines Description An account of the resource The collection is rich in hard to find magazines and/or newspapers like Ernesto Valentini's Zarathustra, Vincenzo Vacirca's Il Solco and La Strada, Aldino Felicani's La Controcorrente, Il Proletario, Enrico Arrigoni's Eresia, Carlo Tresca's Il Martello and Guardia Rossa, Antonino Capraro's Alba Nuova, Arturo Giovannitti's Vita, Agostino De Biasi's Il Carroccio, T. Lucidi's Il Messaggero della Salute, Guido Podrecca's and Gabriele Galantara's L'Asino (this last mostly published in Rome) and others. As Francesco Durante rightly observed in Italoamericana, understanding the contribution of journalism among Italian Americans - almost solely in Italian at the outset - to the community life, as well as to the culture of the immigrant community, is central to understanding that community. Virtually all of the writers whose book-length works we see and celebrate in the collection, whether political or not, began their writing careers with newspaper or magazine writing. Some even immigrated to the U.S. precisely to do just that, but those were exceptional. The politics of the magazines and newspapers ran the gamut from left to right, and some - e.g., Il Messaggero della Salute - were not really political in that sense at all. The separation often observed between the political and the literary sections of the magazines is surprising and deserves examination all by itself: one can find the stories of Clara Vacirca, married to and sharing the political leanings of the socialist Vincenzo Vacirca, published in the right-wing Il Carroccio, and less overtly political writers like Salvatore Benanti and Federico Mennella often contributed literary pieces to leftist periodicals like La Follia di New York. For example, Mennella wrote the dialect column for La Follia for some time. The catholic nature of the magazines in the literary culture of the Italians reflected one of its strengths. Whatever the mixture of news from Italy and from America, whether "news events," or political or cultural commentary, short stories or poems, whether from Italians still in Italy or immigrants in the U.S. or translated from German, French. English or Russian - all of which were quite prevalent - or elaborations of philosophies of living, sometimes imported but sometimes "home-grown" in the U.S., the magazines and newspapers provide a rich insight into this world. Beyond the articles themselves were, in many cases, letters to the editors and lists of new subscribers (and the cities and towns they lived in), both of which enlarge our understanding of what parts of the immigrant community were reached and affected by the printed word. This, too, is a subject that deserves close examination, and has been discussed recently, for example, in a fine essay by historian Adam Quinn discussing whether the Cronaca Sovversiva of the anti-organizational anarchist Luigi Galleani was a "seditious rag" or a community newspaper - or both. Quinn clearly concludes that it was both. The same can be said for Il Martello, La Follia di New York, Il Carroccio and many of the other political magazines - they were part of the "glue" that held together the Italian community quite beyond their immediate political messages. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Proletario [The Worker]. Chicago: Industrial Workers of the World, 1923-1924. Description An account of the resource The I.W.W. Italian language newspaper, Il Proletario, has a glorious and lengthy history of many decades and almost unique importance in the Italian American non-anarchist left. It was started by Italian socialists in 1896 in Pittburgh, and soon moved to Paterson, NJ, and was directed, edited or published at various times and in various other locations - Chicago, New York, Boston, Brooklyn - by Camillo Cianfara, Giacinto Menotti Serrati, Carlo Tresca, Mario De Ciampis, Arturo Giovannitti, Angelo Faggi, Giuseppe Cannata, Arturo Caroti and Edmondo Rossoni, virtually all of whom are important authors in the collection. Durante provides a detailed and entertaining (though dizzying) discussion of the travails, moves, internal battles, and alliances made and alliances broken (between the I.W.W. and the Federazione Socialista Italiana, for example, but not only) in the newspaper during its half-century of existence from 1896 to 1947. Marcella Bencivenni, as well, discusses this newspaper at some length in Italian Immigrant Radical Culture. As can be seen in the photo of the May Day issue reproduced here, the masthead is signed “391,” which seems curious until one realizes that this was the name of the French Dada-ist and Surrealist artist Francis Picabia’s magazine published at times in Paris and New York until 1924, and whose design colors were also black, red and white. The potential connection with this important French artist is further suggested by a famous article by then-editor Rossoni in Il Proletario entitled “liberty and blood,” in which he wrote, “liberty is not just a pretty woman rather, she is a strong woman with strong breasts and a rough voice, with fire in her eyes.” This passage in the Francophile Rossoni’s article was based on a 19th-century French poem by Auguste Barbier, which lauded a symbolic Woman liberty. The motto of the paper, evident on this page, is “Educazione – organizzazione – emancipazione. Conquistando la fabbrica, conquisteremo il mondo [Education – organization – emancipation. Subduing the factory, we will conquer the world]." Collection includes: <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/524">Il Proletario, Anno 27 - 1923</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/525">Il Proletario, Anno 28 - 1924</a> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mario De Ciampis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Industrial Workers of the World Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1923-1924 Language A language of the resource Italian 1921-1930 Brooklyn Chicago I.W.W. Il Proletario newspaper press socialist https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/a4f5b4fbb9bacd368ef32e0ae148f2b2.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=NIs02-e8q75aFz8kt874XX8-de9SG0qRnhi8g%7Ec0WBcTQlYSN%7EITdvCDt%7EE9SJT7qAH-m6InwgQkO9bDI1KlqznlGcWbtAOtoDSghq%7EZ08eskYPqYz4AtQuvzdsSmjxDJ9sJpeifVLhW7yNy-U1mJUorICoh6gSkFg4sWC9AyRDmfSY%7EildmkgCwxOB3g2srR8mNo9AB5p7qa6uVuafNb4vBjgTWBrDz7SB8Ek3tH99vysIlYbR-gtmpxQmzIPHnpuLjlM34FdOT86eBJZP1e10qpyqBVzu9-Cn-Hy5VjfFiNwhd5r-qP%7EcP-9PBM0nNziByN29Fkw3fMhYdQj9HtQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ea4d780b4e8ad9b7ff27146ba72548d2 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/6cebdf2f117fe5a31e34fd1bbf301403.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=rAgdp5AccZmtJ66kYbr5UUHcK0tja3079YIbCAmre0ksrD-hkpuEZiuehJFEfThg3p4Dpk0Rjdjy7ITVRjl8WOgMuoq5820IuniOuTyC6cuCRZQpR7FfveqkRSRkydzSCWS-GdxBOWzUFkapV2kzDjj2O1w7jqCoMgLCEC9LCixAbJ7ihPnJf9Vr95Y9EaX%7E1%7EzBJ12sqod5TIiedEVfrd2m19WIiqc4uXtkhII%7EvCEgrHzVG%7EoOG7ccHluinked0SxH9mYl49TNrBqnMHykCZcOJIBu0yzpju2MgSXCikvUGixMzl8dyVCqexvi0tdiZ0YnzCLr3vxWnZn5QXqVLA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 265b027323fb2673a6c0e3f19760f00a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Enrico Malatesta. New York: Il Martello, 1922. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Max Nettlau Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 19.5x13cm; 352 p. Description An account of the resource At 352 pages, this edition of Nettlau's biography of Malatesta - published in the same year (1922) and by the same publisher (Il Martello) - is 48 pages longer than the other edition. See the other edition for a brief bio of Nettlau, who was (according to Paul Avrich) the foremost historian of international anarchism. Note that the title page of this edition calls this a "unique authorized translation from the unpublished English" version, information lacking in the shorter edition. Here are the differences (in addition to the above): the title page of this edition notes it contains a "prefazione di Pietro [Pedro] Esteve e note sull'autore di Harry Kelly [preface of Pedro Esteve and note on the author by Harry Kelly]" not present in the other edition. Esteve was the charismatic Spanish leader of anarchists, including Italians, in the U.S. and in Mexico; married to an Italian woman, he was fluent in and wrote in Italian. Less associated with Italian anarchists than Esteve, Harry Kelly contributed a two-page note, or "due parole sull'autore [two words on the author]," in which he stresses that Nettlau was the very "antithesis" of Malatesta (and Bakunin) - a scholar, as opposed to the men of action that these latter two were. An American, Kelly (1871-1953) was himself a colorful character, friend of Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, and Peter Kropotkin (while Kelly lived in London) as well as of Nettlau, who called Kelly "one of the living anarchists who contribute real thought to the movement." Kelly is featured in a variety of connections to both the trade union and anarchist movements, to Mother Earth, and to the Francisco Ferrer Association, in Paul Avrich's Anarchist Voices. Other changes in this edition: following Chapter XX (which exists in both editions), this edition alone contains an "Appendice" of four pages, which is "La dichiarzione finale di Errico Malatesta avanti ai giurati in Milano [the final declaration of Errico Malatesta before the jurors in Milan]" with respect to the trial recounted in Chapter XX. Finally, the cover of this edition - in place of the almost abstract, geometric design of the other edition - includes a striking, almost granitic sculpted head of Malatesta seemingly growing out of the side of a hill. A close examination in the lower left corner suggests (but does not make it entirely clear) that the illustrator may have been Fort Velona, q.v., the brilliant caricaturist of the Italian American left. One can speculate that either the first of the two 1922 editions (the shorter one) was so popular that Tresca decided to republish it almost immediately, but with some attractive additions, like the portrait of Malatesta, the Esteve and Kelly prefaces, and Malatesta "declaration" - or the opposite, that the shorter edition did not sell well, so Tresca tried to juice it up, in order to increase sales, with this more robust edition. 1921-1930 biography Errico Malatesta Il Martello newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/48afb5a83012999daa0a01f2d1299878.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Ih-8NOjF8%7EHNbhWK6q8aqEFw8olkFAvbxVQ9QD01egcmVQqNoslhJ7Zh0JBvXu%7EeW4xMXftmS38xVzTpdE%7EiiehvSNSfOKyJL-l%7EMxFBfXXhQnb9gWziD4w19W5K9VGmyQpRYG3hZ8CWpfcY9eXu8Q%7EZRRQXM3Sz%7EuadbYXLoRbi%7EWl11%7E7c%7Ei03BVEEzxXwZ-34rfQSxY54vC8tokttJMyQMGtQRzkls0mdEJvarUSR79lsL7jF1lCEO23CNZNDDlJOfAX2OTwKIfYPay3Oj32EU4xylei0hXsK-%7EJUxsji402KsSr9Y9%7EYYhXXsCYK%7E6QOzlvp%7E45R%7EZRDZkkb9w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e090e95b999994e3d36a256047dd2978 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Umanità Nova: periodico libertario, Anno II, No. 10. Brooklyn, 1 Maggio [May] 1925. Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/461">Umanità Nova, Anno II, No. 5 - 7 Febbraio [February] 1925</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/462">Umanità Nova, Anno II, No. 7 - 21 Febbraio [February] 1925</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/463">Umanità Nova, Anno II, No. 8 - 7 Marzo [March] 1925</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/464">Umanità Nova, Anno II, No. 9 - 28 Marzo [March] 1925</a> <a href="Umanit%C3%A0%20Nova,%20Anno%202,%20No.%208%20-%207%20Marzo%20%5BMarch%5D%201925%20Umanit%C3%A0%20Nova" title="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/460">Umanità Nova [main entry]</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/464"></a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/465"></a> Language A language of the resource Italian Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 18 Maggio [May] 1925 Description An account of the resource See main entry (for all five issues) for a description of this "libertarian" anarchist newspaper, shut down by the fascists in Milan in 1922, when edited from Rome by Malatesta, according to Enrico Arrigoni, as quoted in Avrich, and then reborn in Brooklyn, somewhat like L'Asino, q.v. Note that the banner and top headline of this May Day issue, uniquely, was published in red ink. In the Collection's two-year run of Il Proletario, similarly, the banner and the extraordinary cover illustration of the May Day 1923 issue was printed in red ink, q.v. 1921-1930 anarchist Brooklyn newspaper press periodical https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/5ff534eb5a9b245770a2bfe9fef61984.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=NoKrzwjDMEBUOLsN4p3hpwjtU40mmzJfBqBRPcstJm4iFlh2kMOqtYc1fjFQvFnPm3xEpqwCUwJbhRMk3NxkzMBcT5U-wI7QRb7GpvGSXZwz%7E7n2NAfVsObkLXC1FHWkYP4u6h1UzR%7EXXPdo0-ad6eoLqsaCp5nizkvtCOJKOhgomgIBOxpCmtb7jnOf1jeF5meJ6FLtTd57G-ULTb6crizDVpQ%7EIge%7EgvSU%7EeD5R-2Yay7D93NRlLeX4wCSztU2bT8vpbXFJBaGU7EioI5MSoynScDoHOyQI7I9cPa0FbPlaUlrwcjVhguceK%7ECfQ2Q8c37YVT5FaFISEGWiLNmLw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3f2d2438f3f2699e4beccd7f5dbbe562 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/75d369dd8916ec20320e91178677d4c5.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Nj4POTn7rRvLmgid%7EbOU62Wq9X2-iAHMZRDWChaPvgpqS0hMWYU7PttJIyjUgKM9S2KeOWsDh08M1vwaYKkd9922Za5YAH53KAnJ8DMb3DScZMtiejDJq5jDmW%7EAPSMKlYu9J0KII2me4wJnFhbeZrxYd0AWDfFiuNyLKB%7EFTIyXeoOCBWMNyB7mTzKKcYCiO3qcpayyQcbOVERGIOXTny61bHoKrzGH5qNnVqQ1p95ArX4eQ6sA5B-Xz3cdNFHUPKM0aLShrwZXKEilbGFxVQ2w6I9ayA%7EIJJr0ZPU9LxW1wUt17VaUeGwNMsJYChwKz-zcejAzSsiMFkMV4onQeg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 89d62e0675d8b395f9aea69e0cb6a618 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/e97974fb7aea6b8ff72f9a0df7bc1f9c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Q3Jrisspipydj1ekdz4sbZXjQia8KNapygnhpeeVBmM4wOMH5AOQz9jDCuJ6VxPBaq-CZzOn3CAdomabeRJq1Zp6GSl46fqBly3EfQgE3TG-DjzEonFu52e2uzNfQYP%7EMa68yHX83bnQDshPKR2T0o2G-fwBTPFB0ZLfHh6JCR-SLntzYnvxhmnsehSpAaHLEn2MMOo3wdZWvo9k2g5u90vorWS5yb4qx2z-C7Q0MMdQCp2rTL5ap2qjPldhWd8cbI%7ExpGOeoWx%7E1M8VIlg1E2zrg3mNT9sB1XH2qVaYZIiOu23XnrIAH4KE2E%7Edy-PYTFUcht4U6Mv1ihA2d8Ct-g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5e25ef6ac4078922b48949093824abb6 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/4cb98ffbd96b778afd74b2f3fbd416d4.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Eai0zQ9pP3GsKtuIz%7ETsoqMX5FzsqrJjA-lnJ6%7E6O7EmNJAc-MMxCH3sUtjCmIuqu28h4yM3nHR36c4SiLPjXbxIYg8DdgKc-bbFspf6DGz3h3AK8LvdFQ6lSfjpQeqrOy%7EjqMYgFXPwQSOr6rp8gk4OoPMLBdW8b81KV0V3xjMHes%7EoBU8wHthDqIP8wU4i88phNx7CFqDCLVpeR0Ccz-czV2vYM6RY0dbqAafSki6Qp01OY0xU9Gasm7XDwNM5RxcD-Q8OmkWgKfL5hZaGU-tTko-YFUXbl7i%7ENDcLY6-U4cQnSI9Un%7EC0DhpeaVcjPhcL1ijiDVDBiWAJ7MV1rA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 81dcfeb0068b04a44b9ca4a0090117b2 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/4ad225168a197287a7cceb782fc92ad0.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=u71f80gsJlaqsKo1zl2lIDNgRp1BaHbSbuHPv0F2Z6NSrJXGVryAOrhjBA0UYm1TK%7EvPeqbiI%7ERdju3Ahf-eKe1dYirEl-sU3INYHHZhqBFJzbFCWiqGCZBavpLSLXRN6duDcD5ucOrh-EFs2vgvHWst3i3v1FChvVJx8mEysxg6lSYaqEwTHAn9PSHUcRDk9t--bfgl%7Ehft1b7OtRWGum5eW29II%7E3x2NHyMbpX%7EVNaV09NS05gtn3rbNPVRhEy0nLjka5vbV0ESbBNDcNBQ8CLomCdfrNcKJG0Wrr4FGq2Khs%7E5GFizPgYB7w3j5fMRkrJJMZsTV0LGkVo81f31A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 52ea7051d037e859519e92a89e93fa3f Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America, Anno 5 [Facsimile]. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., 1919. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919 Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosoto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324">Il Carroccio, Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325">Il Carroccio, Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331">Il Carroccio, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">, Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333">Il Carroccio, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 </a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">, Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">, Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337">Il Carroccio, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">, Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339">Il Carroccio, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">, Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323">Il Carroccio [main entry]</a> Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource See general entry for Il Carroccio for its history and place in Italian American publishing. 1911-1920 Durante facsimile fascist nationalist New York newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/fd8f9f88cbc304e222c28b01a7bab93b.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=T%7EonAZIeJgs0-iThQZIy0XK-gZ87tu0XOVWLj8n89xah6LUQVRGIH8U-1bLBZuXfyKRpZZJ3oIIGxtDwR4JXFCJo5Gt1CLxFJl77nOUVaGW8XQleLtSdr5WS2H4iuTFV6Y8m0fjObRWIvMUw5sZTC3GgZHZrn65rtdlDJkdbIqpG7klBdLUpGvVayl-1%7EL%7EUddS9hHRbrREvK-5Z5NxZXKryKxrr65EUZBY8ZFRWw1i4OoX4--lfQpqkGF%7EuGDAGjABCAuDkUboWoW6deIY0FODy-axjXbjtc4G0DRan1eWFU%7EXJhlDwIoHOlfEhX08eTEc2kNapqQYunKBpNMHc4Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 334c2fdf48ae136096130192e6468e20 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/8a974555270b396b026bb640138ea929.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=L34%7EUGyO3vMc1Dl8YujLJPOBfUrzVO826xvteKJWPiExiVYVBlJQok-4eahd4K4kQDcQ-SYER4IufduEgT%7Eg-ma9nEimwN%7E6FfD2xqnXIoF3pTqn%7EBoZIb1bhWsbVt4dULHZDbN7I7AivfQbNlwHYbVfjGRTxX%7EZaEk-3ULBkJdTVud3D13ioo78zv35kzOmee7vd8l-rvB3y2myuzyARhtZ78scQKRKsRl2nHQILEA4Wa0ElehaXmavyhGbTlkkRZ68mcZ9pEdzAq4dUMgDmSbIdaj47SIQ9214z4slUkuZnVHFSZZWFkF364iJr58nYOmhOvmFlvmjiiTeUwcP%7Eg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e64a36f4ee48d2904547c58a4f1606e8 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/7e3ac9dcb9ab7e6628e7e4be1a1eab7c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=kG%7EH3Xg9BxY6IRaaP1y%7EKwOX2wNf3fSqVl8wESHN24xpJtcCmLLDcskNZU4FQzym1vu2rLVQ7HtH6da70vr0Se7qYwCAsHFVs8PILNw9EN16x9ZM5pzKcJEmgvybsVPL0RgPv8mozIjny41WbQw4TRPNyZVIeZfExoB0sIfl-N%7ElMq2CBroZlgxCzR5PPDnOPnfoJ2l1vlNZIDDJ47o-i4JgZcCrho1YhBueyl%7ErE7SRDhkMwGiOSxd0eF5taq04bjB84lWnx66iXiB0iy8sEOyQvJNoAHY0uOPmMC8qR3DmzDfTMb7BJyxISx10jVg2aI-M4YCIXA2nbREb7tQpEA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c9d5097a807f159da4867d7323a51573 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orgoglio Funesto: dramma in tre atti del Prof. Angelo Ciccarelli; Qualcuno Guastò La Festa: dramma in un atto di Louis Marsolleau [Fatal Pride: drama in three acts of Prof. Angelo Ciccarelli; Someone Spoiled the Holiday, drama in one act of Louis Marsolleau]. Brooklyn: Libreria del Proletario/ Tip. International Press of Brooklyn, 1905. Description An account of the resource From the cover, it appears that what unites these two different plays (by different playwrights) is that they both are of the "teatro sociale" [social theater]. There is nothing in Flamma, Schiavo or Durante about Professor Ciccarelli or his play. Louis Marsolleau (b. France 1864- d. France 1935) was a French poet, playwright and novelist, well represented in French theatre in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the Comédie-Française, Théâtre Antoine, and Théâtre de l'Odéon. This particular play, in its French original Mais quelqu'un troubla la fête (1900), was judged anarchist because it took on the management class, and thus was censured. The play was mounted every year on May Day in the U.S. and in Europe by worker cooperatives at the beginning of the 1900s in celebration of worker solidarity. The publisher (or perhaps bookstore distributor) is listed on the cover as Libreria del Proletario [Bookstore of Il Proletario], at 158 Carroll Street in Brooklyn, but the title page of the first play lists only the printer, International Press of Brooklyn, at the same address. Both cover and title page are reproduced here, as is the rear cover advertisting the socialist Il Proletario. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angelo Ciccarelli Louis Marsoleau Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Libreria del Proletario/ Tip. International Press of Brooklyn Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 20 x 14cm; 107 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1901-1910 drama Il Proletario International Press of Brooklyn Libreria del Proletario newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/72f8023fa0215f040d2755d7f5452596.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=gnIyONVmm9lHV25NhLSv%7EsyuVfiZkesxaypTr%7EhyBXEOWMyj67Wn15UG%7EKS2TH46q0elKkcC9JHLgEva2ZhiF5RhsY8VfWwM-K72vC68EfE2bR9ZBYGqZF7-OKhX7tbVrrkmzfkXMBFCVT-JBjkJ9TkFYk1TmRvg0%7EVSPA0jLmurq09AjardW4LDdiGLEC1cNMEe3K3h7GDvpdgnRHv5H8XmnSJmLizJkZpNgD3UCtpnsW16Obt-Rsb%7E2x1jWdXWqu%7EHwidLPLCDabBc7RTO%7EeJa0vQ5rsf7asEKL%7EgnYAZFoMzeSjitwKFaBFBcQdQ5V1d80dVWBlYkuiMajLe7YQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4d472f41c58973aea89bb5d9000bc386 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/09eddfbc05a0cd62d505a54d8706d9fb.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=KqQX7qV4ZJ3sI3xRtcuu%7EjDB-g4ag7FZJEPziLPj8vCEk%7EPLYb9n2pnuGvm0Ldbmx53dx6okhm%7Ee4aYVNrujLAJlWH625eKLOptvV6nZT981jGsqX0nHgOhco63jig3e-92Peu6Rvq1y4o8NoklDQQRXIT-ZoIth%7Evi3LJnqjmpCCzk908c9G3BgmgfSGstlzeA3Nzu6NXbLZhfLsbJ77xIojR0VmDE0sLvZAwgy2-w%7Eq51%7EG2Yq-Kndyj6UiSz5SRrny1jnpJrSDZ0XQuVBYn2MaikQVVtFT43KJWGRBmOjQfKjIfcSjWnNJ0IQv%7Ez8Ltb83G6y1jhLtnoDMRVRsw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 075d0aafea86174feaf6bfa1c9a4fcb5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives I: The bibliographic travels of Luigi Galleani and Armando Borghi Subject The topic of the resource Consistent with their travels to speak with their "disciples" and the international nature of anarchism, these two leaders, Galleani and Borghi, also published in a wide variety of places in the U.S., Italy and elsewhere. Doing so was often a function of evading crackdowns on subversives by U.S. postal authorities, or in Borghi's case, avoiding being imprisoned and possibly killed in Italy during the Mussolini years, when publishers, printers and authors all lived in fear. Description An account of the resource Luigi Galleani Galleani was one of the anarchist movement’s most eloquent writers and spellbinding orators, heir to the great Errico Malatesta in Italy and elsewhere, a political agitator and charismatic anarchist leader, and a prolific political publisher. Mentor to Sacco and Vanzetti, the peripatetic Galleani was born in Italy, and lived in various venues in the U.S. from 1901 until he was deported back to Italy in 1919. He first settled in Paterson, New Jersey in 1901 to be the editor of the then-most important anarchist journal, La Questione Sociale. Then, after starting the newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva [Subversive Chronicle] in 1903, he moved to Lynn, Mass. (see his Madri d’Italia, under the pseudonym Mentana), until the postmaster in Lynn refused to mail Cronaca Sovversiva and his books, at which time he repaired to Barre, Vermont (see his Verso il comunismo, among other examples of publications from that venue). He was prosecuted for violating anti-leftist laws, especially the 1918 Anarchist Exclusion Act. This act, which permitted the government to shut down publication of the Cronaca Sovversiva in that year (and deport Galleani and other editors of the newspaper subsequently), had been passed by Congress largely in response to the bombings that Galleani incited his followers to undertake (see his Faccia a faccia col nemico) through his publications as well as his personal direction: he even published a manual on how to make bombs (“La salute è in voi!” [Your salvation is up to you!]). Galleani’s deportation in 1919 arose as much from his newspaper and pamphlet publications that were themselves regarded by the authorities as incitements to violence, as it did from his actual and attempted bombings. He and his followers of the individualist school of anarchism were wary of not only electoral politics but also of syndicalism, i.e., the use of trade unions to bring industry and government under the control by direct action, such as strikes and sabotage, the preferred methods of Carlo Tresca, among others. Because of these doctrinal differences, as well as Tresca’s immense personal charm and popularity, Galleani’s followers were even more determined to destroy the reputation and thus the effectiveness of Tresca, despite the anti-fascist views they shared in the 1920s and 1930s. Like his unlikely ally Armando Borghi, Galleani was internationally well known, so that even his deportation from the U.S. hardly put a stop to his influence. L’Adunata dei Refrattari (The Gathering of the Recalcitrants) became the successor newspaper to La Cronaca Sovversiva after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, begun and run by his followers in the U.S. after Galleani’s deportation in 1919, and edited by Raffaele Schiavina. Its publishing arm released many full-length works (typically, collections of shorter pieces) like those exhibited here, as well as pamphlets, sometimes without Galleani’s authorization, due to his being unreachable in exile on the island of Lipari. L’Adunata also published Galleani in Europe, e.g., in Rome as late as 1947, often using the same printer’s mark (a mermaid-like torchbearer) he used in the earliest of his works. The international character of the movement had long been clear: in one work, readers of an Italian-language edition of Organizzazione e anarchia, published in Paris (by L. Chauvet) sometime after 1925, are urged in a message in the inside rear cover to buy a copy of Galleani’s La fine dell’anarchismo?, published in the United States (Newark) in 1925. Armando Borghi Armando Borghi’s unflattering biography of Mussolini (Mussolini in camicia) was too dangerous to be released in Italy: after Mussolini’s rise to power in 1922, publishing a work criticizing Mussolini soon became impossible. Simply for speaking in the Italian Parliament in June 1924 against fraud (and violence) employed by Mussolini in the recent election, United Socialist Party chief Giacomo Matteotti was within days thereafter murdered by the fascists, a politically explosive development that became a rallying cry of anti-fascists for many years. In 1925, measures that gave the government powers to gag the press were passed. Emergency laws in 1926 suppressed every political party and every newspaper other than those of the fascists. It was in that context that anarcho-syndicalist Borghi arrived in the U.S. in or about November 1926, where he was joined by his lover, Virgilia D’Andrea (see her works in the collection). Shortly thereafter, in 1927 he published Mussolini in camicia in Italian in the only safe place to do so at the time, New York. This work became internationally popular, was translated into French and published in Paris (1932), in Amsterdam in Dutch (1933) - the collection has recently (in 2021) acquired a Dutch copy - , and then translated into English from the French edition, not the Italian original, and published in London (1935). Mussolini in camicia was again published to America, but in English, in 1938 using the same British translation, and was not published in Italy until 1947, not long after the war’s end and Mussolini’s execution. In Italy, Borghi ranked second only to the legendary Errico Malatesta as its most important anarchist, so that when he arrived in the U.S., Borghi expected to be the foremost Italian anarchist there (Galleani having been deported some years before). However, Carlo Tresca, director of Il Martello, who as a fellow “organization” anarchist might otherwise have been his natural ally, was in the way, and Borghi surprisingly thus aligned himself with the anti-organizational anarchist Galleanisti and their L’Adunata dei Refrattari, a move that he eventually came to regret. Like the Galleanisti, Borghi attacked Tresca not only on ideological grounds but also on personal ones. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Verso il comunismo [Towards Communism]. Barre, VT: Tip. della Cronica Sovversiva, 1904. Description An account of the resource This short (13-page) pamphlet was published in Barre, VT by the Cronaca Sovversiva only about a year after that newspaper's founding in 1903 on the types of political views of different people the narrator met while a student at the University of Torino. The pamphlet was as much a warning of the approach of Communism as it was an expression of desire for it. Pasted above the publication information on the title page of this cover-less copy is a slip on which is typed Libreria Popolizio| Road 2 Box 1| Rivesville, W. Va. 26588| U.S.A. (One wonders what publication information lies under the slip.) This seems unlikely to be the same Popolizio (Giuseppe) who was the New York-based publisher in the 1940s and 1950s, but more research needs to be done. Stamped sideways to the right is the faint stamp of Giuseppe Galzerano of Casalvelino Scalo, which is a hamlet (frazione) in the comune (municipality) of Castelnuovo Cilento in the province of Salerno, in Campagna. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Luigi Galleani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tip. della Cronica Sovversiva Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1904 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 14.5 x 10cm; 13 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1901-1910 anarchist Cronaca Sovversiva Giuseppe Galzerano Luigi Galleani newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/2492543aaee911e69739170f4653545c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=ngCdlPkv2BQnE3OUcRHx1akuGZNFdSAFXXphZzUB8dw9VPz5pUTlmqBaeRS1ztN8WvX8xgx2RZX7XgftY9Ai7TM7w51LKADNUHXdPNavL%7EVFwH2vErUD6VR12I9zlIVwn-WULWtbFrr8DlvZbZ3AIE8k9mcKh1Wws6kF155V7dFnysZGZluzvLJbZ3Y43L%7EU5gvbLD083VADJ0SmKGYiO1gfEm6aLBtLygqQZ8VxtB10CkXZBPK%7ELvBnp4AW25bWbQv8RXGMeT2ZeJ-TcGiJYtoWbgWJjN7bKdmAlz6K2kymi9ncqTMhIOLjfCtaVHC9F9-H8iAcRX3wpt2HDIuaGA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 31c719416e2e595cfe6b71e896dd4c6b https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/400f133a1e74be4b72218f00e21d9ef4.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=M5U4gCjoNxow26qsfb-z%7Ez2nxSWBseVsVxv1%7EFNOtmGOt75rean1hhBL3XwjcmibyEL7Wc%7E77Gp4pbwhrvtowdR2BDASMR7hSsnEDZ0GtUWXKkQeE8L0CIOs2aARW6E2M4Lx9GKttfU2KSs6cdgjYbCs1rsoQoD4rbCBW5O2CEchP8jCJ%7ER326SrLziGMXFn0ZBUyOObOcNtBNRUnsclnPRj2%7EAIlyjw8SOanM2PKwmMh3rqZtRIjodtiLbVaHCsivCK1jSfaa59r%7EnkAJQkWxE7i0TBgi4naTJJnt7rnnxhm5cD6PuatGDrv51bwBCTqS6fBGlmvyyZFvoYXKPu8A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f2764348fbde09d00a401e053fbef76e https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/79978cf615cd56e4b28b679e247adfde.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=M39DY99v%7Ek7pcd0Mben7p6Tm2ylJbW%7EJKjQUHUlyGOgYUV8Elne6XHoAGd4Sy8j6ApUqR0MolnZ4wnMQX4Wy3OeM8CBMgS4Uu08QG94ZbL8Pu9eQHxX9K8Ogz9exsMypehmWuNlLMPj8DkfhrOgwpSOW7FsyX8pwucOh3ZNwRRRM8lEEjp-nkQS8WC25NAqu0P29ufHrTKhK10deeXCJw8DTh%7Eeo4S1CSdblP8WHN7XEktQHDx1zRCt9A1iQ6uBH6MT%7E866k3yFOlh0G-%7E05foafNmoFUztukC3m8lm3S-WnlhGUGu%7E1qaAjiccND79b7pXAMyPTgwRkoCQ1spsVMQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 97b4159d9235e0540d8dd08f4ea5f6ce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Histories, philosophy, biographies, directories, bibliographies, almanacs, catalogues, annuals, religious, educational, and travel literature Subject The topic of the resource These largely non-political works reflect a broad pallette of non-fiction reflections on the history of Italians in the U.S., travel literature, biographies (like that of the Peanut King, Obici), or the religious, like Sister, later Mother, and final Saint Cabrini. Description An account of the resource In these non-fiction works, Italians reflected upon themselves and their American experiences. Representing the non-sovversivi type of immigrant, who were more interested in becoming American and “making it” in America than in stoking class warfare and remaking society, They began to place themselves in the context of contemporary American society and the history in America. The release in 1921 of Alfredo Bosi’s Cinquant’anni di vita italiana in America, the first history of Italians in the United States, represented a watershed - the first 50 years of Italians in America - and allegedly arose from a conversation between journalist Bosi and King Vittorio Emanuele of Italy in 1901, in which the king expressed curiosity about the Italian colony in America. Luigi Roversi’s biography of Palma di Cesnola proudly places that Italian within the august homes of white Anglo-Saxon Protestant America, into which di Cesnola had married, and where he ruled as the first director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. More than the first half of Flamma’s “biography” of the greatest mayor New York City had ever seen, Fiorello LaGuardia, has little to do with La Guardia, unfortunately, but the work did reflect his obvious pride that after electing mayors in 29 other cities, Italians “finally” elected (in 1933) a mayor of Italian heritage to the country’s most important city. The directories discussed here, from New York to San Francisco, provide a particularly rich source of information about the different businesses and professions Italians had in virtually every state of the union, from as early as the 1880s (in San Francisco) to the first few decades of the 20th Century (primarily in New York). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Perché la guerra in Africa [Why the War in Africa?]. New York: Casa ed. "Unità"/ Società ed. "L'Unità", [1935?] Description An account of the resource We can estimate the date of this work because the introduction begins from the vantage point of "21 years after the beginning of the last world war," which was 1914; thus, it is 1935. Among the advertisements on the recto of the last leaf is that of the Libreria Gastone Sozzi, which has the same address as the offices of L'Unità, the newspaper of the Italian Communist Party in the U.S. I have not run across the name of that bookstore elsewhere. L'Unità (or L'Unità Operaia)- later (in 1942, see two other imprints) L'Unità del Popolo - was an "Italian American weekly for unity and victory over fascism." Its editor was the author of this work, Tito Nunzio. At the time of this publication, 1935, the Communist Party tried to mobilize both Italian Americans and African-Americans by holding demonstrations against Italy's Ethiopian adventure, according to historian Marcella Bencivenni. About 20,000 participants in the march went through Italian Harlem shouting "Italian and Negro people unite in a common front against the war," and "death fo fascism!" Nunzio attempts to demolish the argument that the invasion of Ethiopia was a justifiable revenge after Italian embarrassment in Abyssinia, claiming that this was just a pretext for Mussolini, who had all along intended to invade Ethiopia. He next claims that rather than civilizing Italy, fascism is the opposite, i.e., the enemy of civilization. Near the end, Nunzio urges readers to join with the Communist Party in demonstrating for the withdrawal of all Italian troops from wherever they are in Africa. His plea appears to have been successful. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tito Nunzio Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casa ed. "Unità"/ Società ed. "L'Unità" Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1935?] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 17.5 x 12.5cm; 28 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1931-1940 anti-fascist communist L'Unita New York newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/bb1bf01ad13362b360efd73496d528a2.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=nnrUHBRJif%7ENNV%7E6qMYCb44-7YjEKdewl0bOBOD%7EeiyoIejRlPd09Eidw2CMXp91nACPVI1lo-117dH3BS1IgqsGjvvOck002Elvq4e29JWgT53i9TcVxgJ75D37x6nwgYLIEMMROE2by4Njul7JJbqt4MASJC5jBlxh4iUjo8kTc5TOgqVeyp9e4iitwf3xG40zNuLBZAjIEvfoxGAw-xExGKVyRgxsTn1UvB%7EnSr5h443ToAVkXl4tSLK7nSBPcts32rL%7EAtD0-BsF9csyIiBLmu4Nd2uC52cr3R4G%7EhoI2bmHhGOQ-dcXhW-AY%7EBLCXj6XGCuluf73zAfq-uL2A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 472a5395b5a16ecf9288a42280c6c2d2 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/b7dd6d775a21d59a82f7d31a88058d7d.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Q4i2Tc1%7Ekv9013j35%7EW3dfcyHA-ErPgkd-o%7ETOH9RDilgnab6NCqSyZtQvJX-v1MTJPWa8UHpGDXtRg4BbJ34bq5ekROscP-lDP3mYXRK0uL8EN1GEFJeQqbqJyKeSGo4xv9Imcg%7EwEchRzHLF%7E3%7EdNvsvOXLST2wUDwfpV-NNutjYVoePutlETBISMXcnG4CQkHWveepr7f4zGWAeaNxLvqvKIhcdopcMfj39zFajybsCCFBR3poE392lJlzGeei8hONA25YKsGKfSr34DwjVM8w95pODyI8oa5JCjFVSHNN8Gld50IOyQhgdkLv9gx7dXpPl73r5x5inW%7EcQaoNQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d773bb207d751514a9022ce75a881387 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/0b3a44e2fee1a5394964aa373cd0d12e.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=L2-70SgGS-MEqGF493cBxR9EVm7lO-2-xslMkQkB%7EUWe9QILpEcNVb3mIL4l4VcjJK1fTV7HQl8CKhHU1AdNmH34RyPBbjsVTTQvE-QFC8FPbgoC6d08k0qFzuLV2hiDaTMjVUbW9gCcJ8JGGabwydMsN0tL1rSXEc2kRW1rQzy2z5BmAdLqVxWSTXeh22vkCFegkB-heUexCToIjEmI11AItmGqYXYYKj-ct%7EN5nWV0Rjtex3Bbn7KIhgvG0e66VN96ePGMAH39yLiY2DsOWH6nWhqWLml367gNbnp7Q7wptToHT385tx0MQRY007iHZqUhl63uDd15FlJzdm-S0Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 543f15557dd8416d35f84379483ba37e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Attorno ad una vita [About a Life]. Newark: Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1940. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gigi Damiani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 12.5cm; 47 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource This is a short biography by Damiani of Niccolò Converti , an anarchist writer who published, among other works, Repubblica ed anarchia (Tunisia, 1889), which Damiani mentions. Born in 1855 or, according to Damiani, 1858 in Cosenza (Calabria), Converti died in Tunisiain 1939. He studied medicine and after a long spell in Tunis, the city he was to choose as principal residence, he returned to Italy for the first time in years and finished his medical degree. Converti was attracted to the ideas of libertarian socialism, which was widely known in Naples thanks to the influence of Bakunin, who had lived there. He joined the Internationale, quickly becoming the most active member of the Neapolitan group, and carried on intense propaganda activity both with contributions to the existing press with the creation of new bulletins. In May 1885, Converti published an anarchist communist newspaper, Il Piccone, in brochure format. His forced departure to France left the Neapolitan anarchist moving in difficulty. With the help of some French and Italian anarchist friends, he founded the Internationale Anarchiste. He became a doctor to the indigent in Tunis, which was filled with Italian refugees from political persecution. In 1896 he started the theoretical magazine La Protesta Umana, whose contributors included Luigi Fabbri and Amilcare Cipriani. He continued to work on the night shift as a doctor at the Italian colonial Hospital G. Garibaldi, which he had also helped to found. He maintained constant links with Camillo Berneri and others in the anarchist community. When he died in September 1939, the entire antifascist community of Tunis turned out to salute him. I find no evidence that Converti ever came to the U.S. The publisher, the Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, is one of the best represented publishers in the collection - about 16 works. 1931-1940 L'Adunata dei Refrattari Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/43cf17f1beaa99bfda67fa82658d1c02.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=rIaAXSrLQgPkueCBgqQHRGZkBL7elX5KYULhIqmcjYWe7s7MgwFLU5ABBmFhx0YDKfI1eUkeswEZqhuPMcJ4XhmlkXSIsVP4fnpp7QDQVX%7Enl1mHIQCGSrgA5LyyMQizKDoaS619xhk2Dgf1HmgiDIDXrXcytvjX46eO4iD%7EBeISycWMqZ0RkfjQEfYtO86rgrAnxF-XGOpMM4dBocWeOZKiE7KLHvJ47WYQ%7Eszj1qkb9smW25MQFZ4JvCb24w-xf5WPn98COfj3vAxAI6QxKWXWOI-lI1JWB9xtq6ryv72NZqbWJTiEqTXaoyp81llhybOVxXdkr7nF2FcxtRgwlQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f7d86d5827b259011ed04b06304cd245 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/991ad10caef3ba9369d5ac1a6caf44d1.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=X%7EWdTO8UNeihkqeFeeIPIhDGOdHvnbu-QuFjwhnUuQdtRpZOD%7EsfrqubQhlKgE4FJKhVfxdEI4HgfEeo59iuR370fzgCEt2LgeOdHalUXD8j3eA3IsE84hPK-KKczGeSAxlZ5DpwWM-7GdO0hCwH2UUop7AIxNZLPdaH7VgERljFuYRIQfdNrk1RMq9Ta1RxqD-FJWWUyKJsQ1ghQJMLVeM6tawmX3iTXGGXH2Fgw0xLAwHA-gs6spcT1y%7EZehdoUqpxLL0o0L7R-RcvKqFPDQP5gRHGlcAY1AHDAqTScFogaw4OM-oExDtEDDxCSmCp-rha-6byaxMEc1y8Q3tGDA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 47414cb6ed6a8209c05b8e2df766c5b0 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/9ad66ac6ea6d80f97a2e0a171319ae57.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=o7L444M2DSVmlVvQ-FHu32nirfJAMJ9z%7EtC31rtIw4pqC4JD35gB7EQtai7SxFun86ndnkqbRMi7pjAU6f0EFuXkmJQjEPInFZ3BPRMW%7EX5XaqReTEOJYriex8siRlXAYkPlnQo6vBy8kuq8qx4ciKTim3tvZCDSvpM2Vs2D9BOpPSiz7qpHvlEh8--FO4iWEXE3UmEAvvBj-ih6iFoCd41pQEwFBmb3mRaZGirbWbmCgi%7Ezr4YxioaCbRbMkCiHakrhsVGGwULqXzwOiEG9%7Eiioz1BzZXWkXOJhpqyu0H4b%7EdRUfOgv82u77jFXolzOmo3vrQ-n2pmriQo1TtbO8g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8cf4a0e71693c0e3c56da3506764730d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stato e comune [State and City]. Newark: Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1946. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gigi Damiani Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 11.5cm; 23 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource Gigi Damiani (b. Rome, 1876; d. Rome, 1953) was an author well published in the U.S., but there is no evidence that he ever set foot in this country. Other than a few plays published in Detroit, and one in New York, the plays of Damiani were all published in the U.S. in Newark by L’Adunata dei Refrattari, the Galleanisti publication started by Raffaele Schiavina, who secretly returned to the U.S. (using the pseudonym Max Sartin) after he and Galleani had been deported in 1919 for their political views. Damiani was an important anarchist figure in Italy; indeed, after the deaths of Galleani and Malatesta, he was considered by the fascist regime to be the most important (and thus dangerous) Italian anarchist leader. He was a compelling writer who as successfully as any, other than Cordiferro and Giovannitti, used the theatre as a means to promote anarchist ideas. He traveled throughout the world, including Brazil, France, Belgium, Spain and Tunisia. As recently as 1991, a more philosophical and theoretical work, Damiani’s Saggio su di una concezione filosofica dell’anarchismo (An Essay of a Philosophical Conception of Anarchism) was first published in Pistoia, Italy, and is in the Collection. Its publication so many decades after World War II, and nearly 40 years after Damiani's death, suggests the continued vitality of his ideas. The publisher, the Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, is one of the best represented publishers in the Collection, with about 16 works. L'Adunata dei Refrattari Newark newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/24747e2ce6fa1ea9df8548c7efe9a0d5.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=ehDeyhJIkTHb8ZIaNEg4049aHP%7EM780U%7EAX9nwOuDUcr85LHOhvW1CCyyH45mk2JXeVhvcXWLD0w8suWTbhVlH%7EH6NRgIYR7u8-VmIMp6zgwyjFvYm7YAI9qOew62pN0wG9Kg15rWRnc8p2Jni4op0q1N8Wllpm31dyU2iSweJFTFQItH2PQdqMQKWmakzmctwp2apZ4kued7dOdasCtmOGfpXFNP5v9IT31AU846gceEtxMMN1HjmemlP7U6liu6Ud4FgCgp9yYb%7ESBDl4vdmT5wIRyLmxxuOuuXULbIOb-KV0PWIQ-OIri6o-r7%7EZ3LvrGt78Vx2qIh9Dz6Ku4QA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3e0da46124093704850eb3124eab7929 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/8ba52cf7c5bc1fb6a196a7ca017f7be4.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=bE2fo2u8FPxfuI-x-z2814DzPo8YVBx8S4NEWljy6siVWM8zhWC1kPp7EJ74z9KFo27KufX8iAfHzSdIqgDnUrb3yF61uTAsrlA%7ElcoHsPZDZBnijosIkbvJE1kHq9n51xhI34j0%7EfG-wX2JhzaWhox54y%7EqPbws3whOigkyGXij%7E0sTQLk2iPox4h51j7RK6m3mn-lA5sAo%7EDZHAb2IgRuMdT6fi9Rk86LA%7E6Eg6GloIISjCD1LPNN8JcYSAwyTncpGYxW-Idk3rh2Gn6E8nMlmRGRUNy8t5fuQa7Rr0m5aKJIxWSvdhzQ-08fvyyE0295cS0jEwPQHowK1UJw%7Epw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3de8625f3d310aa7b62291c913fbb34c https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/083ad89781dc6307e23929c99b6f0674.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Hh6U3WLHSmd-DuwmE4%7EWcvShDNq8%7E2mR9wdbkVCOETAcK5z5xhP-f7EdvvPcgcN%7Ejzu5ThbRigNEWHSJj1Q3kaIj9wKhaWCn1SXDKN-WNWxxEdoKdAItPCDwzriMi9Wd9c6R7k04PlBFh9opbRDUtruV94tVm5NptNmcei1vB4cyGUWwVdNXRaosbsTCX0G8b2y8WMLUIEpdDjGc2UMzUkhFGdeJYu6dnbjm6EhlVdpJqfIguEHqo2H%7EDnrh4A857eCkG5J9vZLx%7EAzRJo4Tl6zheS30lm%7EHhr7iM4szExv47xI66vPSloPfGvxtEf1ei1dwa7UkzE31cD4RqKyjBA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bef777ed45bf5c832269693a1c55f29a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper Description An account of the resource During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in Parole Colletive, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the sovversivi. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) Il Carroccio, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist Vita, Vincenzo Vacirca’s Il Solco, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist Zarathustra, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist Eresia, all of which are reflected in the collection. The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical La Follia di New York was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of La Follia into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained La Follia. Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country. Subject The topic of the resource While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spose di guerra: dramma in un atto [War Brides: drama in one act]. New York: Casa ed. "Il Martello", [1915]. Description An account of the resource This feminist, anti-war play is the best known work of socialist and suffragette Wentworth (b. 1872 - d. 1942); it's a topic that would have appealed to Carlo Tresca, proprietor of Il Martello and its book publishing arm. Tresca also used the "Libreria Rossa" imprint (see below), e.g., in other publishing, including his magazine Guardia Rossa. q.v. The story of the play is of a war bride widow who commits suicide rather than bear more children for a nation that allows her no say in its decision-making about war. It was one of the most successful plays in its original English of 1915. Its translation into Italian seems to have been done in the same year. It is the sort of play that Italians would have loved to perform in Primo Maggio celebrations. For Italian performances, the reader was direced to "our representative Paolo Valera" in Milan. Seven years later, Il Martello would publish Il fascismo of Valera (b. Como 1850 - d. Milano 1926), who was a prolific journalist and novelist. The translation of Wentworth's play was authorized by Zino Fioretti. It is one of two works that Il Martello translated from English into Italian that we have found. The other is Eugene Lyons' Vita e morte di Sacco e Vanzetti (Il Martello, 1928), q.v., based on the English original published in 1927 by International Publishers, q.v. A particularly interesting feature of the current work is that it includes four photographs drawn from the production with Madam Alla Nazimova in the leading role. This imprint is somewhat more lavishly produced, especially on better quality paper, than many Il Martello publications. It was printed by the De Pamphilis Press of 51 Greenwich Avenue in New York City. De Pamphilis had also printed a 1909 work of the other Tresca imprint, the Libreria Rossa, entitled Il mondo e le sue trasformazioni: dialoghi fra il nonno e la sua nepote by Paraf-Javal, translated from the French original, q.v. The name "Libreria Rossa" name adorned Carlo Tresca letterhead, at least in 1919, see holographic letter of Tresca's in the collection. So De Pamphilis may have done work for Tresca under whichever of his imprints he happened to be using. Besides this work, and the Paraf-Javal translation, Libreria Rossa also published, in 1921, Se si farà la rivoluzione in Italia, si morrà di fame? See description of another work in the Collection, Il mondo e le sue trasformazioni: dialoghi fra il nonno e la sua nepote, which was also published by De Pamphilis Press. Finally, "Librerie Rosse" - the plural, Red Bookstores - was a term used generally to described leftist bookstores in the Italian communities of the U.S. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marion Craig Wentworth Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casa ed. "Il Martello" Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1915] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 20 x 13.5cm; 70 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Copyright The Century Co., 1915; translation "authorized" by Zino Fioretti. 1911-1920 De Pamphilis drama Il Martello New York newspaper press translated from English https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/588e0e8f5a2049645872d1cdb68133ce.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Xjmq8A3hnjiPJOakI62jK66H8-GmTLUXDSInigcKA5UTKzFD8hacwIOyPOi8v8UNKB-DNMqilUCO3kHueqLZS9HL4J9q462JLn06FmQsP5VuWg8CGbdTOUm3VRruJetBrsamh19Dl7JlZEi1x5gafN1hCG2yO8LFw51O-fTd51ytNhi1IGmhTjmfqmPdqzMoGBvk9UjT3vREt-dIP6zc1sF9ZC0%7EQ8MC6aJA4oi3N9hI9LIRXOeCCPywyTCL%7EhjZyde1GfXb7ZCywl9WD5PSWA1461PJFSgS-YC25H9zQ3d6TttYgBF5%7ED6UNpdy89obuTHbMfBNJti1JTsQU-YWjw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 61b120994acd8ccd4b5cc75724b73ad3 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/edf5c4f21224d0c05834c65e8e74e3e3.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=D-MHGiIqACTSserrEbybfWrutrtOzY3bCfoHwbI0VghLx-%7EJlS7KD%7E-DkkTAojozks2jBEjRw3ffs4etTd7Z64WmoCNewt5gbgY%7EBWDOxQ97aXOlnrzaK2IgtFUC08EPxbaV1y4T4p504%7ElocCVx17SiafruITXbq8nQkuRmt1fEuBmxnd30U4WXpeyBWkJM4q5N8dLyenHdABNUIwKotNUuJxnem3lY1IjxAAOndREBFrFIwnUapoj2N8k1EgVu6Vw8-M8Ge2aYWFHf8l9qeMUt5go9HSnUOoto0qY4BjMgxHZv8oF8J8kbsNzhoppi8JkcOwzz0e%7ElCkrKnA9zyA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bfe34d064aca291bae5089130a5799a4 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/977e83e0db45f930d68ca846b4182be8.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=MY9C9uF15%7Ecwc0LcLtePliaMP6%7EPnf2vvcFhsGZh3ZAv9gJ4suXfrld2bVsFMdevbF5wFXxbs2Tu4xo9OhZLHH6gopg9s8g%7EgI3EJxAE3ymMoh2MnlwJ5NnEDFjguS%7EEyG15Z1fLCeTeDpPnaX0A9gzQq7%7EEzcU0nfA5mX0q8QNsg8IZ%7Erwtb2Ti6JyTBml19LpVn6ZI9SHHI1bOPuEOjt3kYHoGWe-v8uGKQKtFNvdPqABLjziN%7ETRmJ6bR7zIXvjQ-H2Y%7EwevMoraZws0qXfXfc6WV1g%7Ed5gSuW%7Et7QoAEj3lLD-cFogdA6Kww-jLBZpBhwF6mWEBYx4x0q4WR-g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 53d5a28e310dc177d18f85c4b036fadd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource L'anima; Il diavolo e L'inferno [The Soul, the Devil and Hell]. New York: Casa ed. del Martello, 1924. Description An account of the resource The preface by Carlo Tresca sets up the themes of the work: that believers think the soul is immortal, that there is an "eternal world" that he deems "horrible" in which believers are supposed to - according to his usual enemies, the priests - both suffer pain and experience happiness from a "gruff but good God." Professor Villa, in Part I of this wide-ranging philosophical tract, looks at the soul and the doctrine of immortality, which, he says, allows believers to ignore the injustices of this world because of their focus on the next. TTS (whose real name I do not know), in Part II, traces the meaning and history of the devil. The author asked himself as a child, "Why did God create the Devil?" In the longest section of this work, Part III, Alete Dal Canto (b. Roma 1883 - d. Roma 1968) traces the idea of Hell, which he says, is as old as the mountains, in Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Chinese and other cultures. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A. Villa Carlo Tresca TTS Alete Dal Canto Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casa ed. del Martello Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 12.25cm; 133 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1921-1930 anti-clerical Carlo Tresca Il Martello New York newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/4dd9ea5427b4c84d128470224adbdcea.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=XKL1%7Eao8Q6oMhGhEiS4SVpzqw-NcuBWoFh5FodxN-Kjqs8U2qwD7Y1Lh%7ELy8tK1VbvJXV4EM6TDiQP6ZHoXasR3Z1LsHXhRMGpdCIE%7E73ybJ5DRG-ojSWnRFoumC5XtezKUr6TkhCAgif9LY5iiF5rTUBgexfYA8j%7E%7EPl87gyreNWGSxVj5IbVcENcXr7vt2fWpZnS5xaYXmzhQhGWZ-rBt5k7RL%7EbyyL8k2BeavhSKn9Pqa1y7U6eghq%7EXzu2BWpt20yxh3effCbP6HzGWp3kPgchTqzTnDiMCVUdAuGu7s28O9XiyMZv8IFeNSm8tZ9LP-k6nnW5%7EtmantIkBS8Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 18d50e609a0536a4a7156df469436fdf https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/15b9f3735caaf04ecf081ed7f15b8f4e.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=TgE3OOGhl%7EzthDsNcLrntR0F9RQnuQAjkJg%7EWB%7EM2KsyTykk-qmMljNHY5SeX2Zbo%7ERxlV%7EYtRel2-QJkuJfd7o9-aHM2OL-gn%7EGJQkuJAve6j88c2X4lhh9f6q9jhFBC18DewL8e%7EpZw1y%7EoLbN239HQVX36esZXXxCdnCmeT5X-Y68Bmk8Vymw1s6AGiFPzpv7htkdIc4PJOqNRtVxb6zRnZt3xTmdRJ1rgaAagcNlBvlaNJkTy3FrscHxRwWNbNM8nGVwzSFXtp-Tz4Fc2elyJwluY5BxA0d2eyS6W7RibZALox7PIo2oXy%7E7-r6xuxcqWxQ2qXm4i8paiB17jA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 43298ab915a2fd3945d77b9c260bd6ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ultra! - teoria dei geni e dei gagliardi [Ultra! theory of the Geniuses and the Strong]. New York: Casa ed. "L'Innovazione", [n.d.] Description An account of the resource Vella, an anarchist and Spanish Civil War veteran, briefly visited the US in 1923, where he was a contributor to Il Martello, and witness for the defense in Carlo Tresca's trial for sending obscene material through the mails. Arrested at a rally in Paterson in 1924, Vella was then among the relatively few Italians who were, like Luigi Galleani, deported back to Italy. Here he explains his theory of how to create a "new man" who will "go beyond limits of thinking and action." Ironically, part of the ideology of the ascendant Fascist Party was that the state could create a "new man," ready to populate the new Italy. The title of the publisher is suggestive that "L'Innovazione" was a newspaper. But I find no record of "L'Innovazione" among radical newspapers. (Perhaps it was short-lived.) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Randolfo Vella Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casa ed. "L'Innovazione" Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [n.d.] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 12cm; 122 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1921-1930 anarchist Il Martello L'Innovazione New York newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/a5d77fa6fa1bf91b9526bc076332f344.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=RF2CoN7AlHNCIWmpsA-uyExFkYWlAOiZIh7tw6v0Sohna3LmyHK-cdckfHr0Kb44Uo7lzf27reZYdARLfKcyzRKztelBd-76BIP5IKzDXzvCZ9JBim4aj%7EBDpS6BFn-%7Enzv%7EsAes76xpm3fpRHcqtQEe3cLb9A%7EOt%7EYdee-2sjeY2HWg1dzvP6l59krBfOUrV7JHvFDyRYeghk6XXCGn-EPxOCWrc2bku9iEMy3HI8FtuG2DTt92irzk6UGEcTlgRTn5sxTPBO4R9o9FwYF8h7ApB21HcfQBulsrjLzqkwfn1I3hXkB2YCOn8kh1gda34Bki5EomhDiT%7E9B0nD87fQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 84a99dba550fbeec4a55e96ae67246d8 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/8a10046765bc4b3ac07204a801dcbd5c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=oT9rQt15tmQRCdMDLRGjxm3v4vZf19habrMNiRSYpQWGFzf02xDxIk5QOGpeSgGQOf7Yh1PurFNlRz%7E6WDgUyvd-ZCK5trLssZXnXC-j8963Q-k8gj6JK6MzD%7E%7EK4rfAR0Jht6q2JK-s764YrWDfa0y3t9rg5ymw9lE62ZFziu9oFoGdB6M9BsHUWnWih6NsaWs4p7t6dpX8Sx%7E1NkFEyEOlZbqL8u8Zx1RDLggUOatbrUyu9mMKyfpZVzYtmutsLXN4mZXYnxZuGXZrFLDhglM5arrSo%7EIXlRpWt5ADEVO8c3ceWZ-2Obcyym2XG69%7EGDhwZG4salWg1ObO7YEhDA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 13dc543bdcd705e87cd5ba3eb7c1d7e4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives III: Fascists and anti-fascists Description An account of the resource The Anti-Fascist movement embraced diverse leftists, including Carlo Tresca, as noted above. Opposition to Mussolini from the left was reflected by activities of the Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America, which formed common ground for anarchists, socialists/syndicalists and communists to temporarily set aside their differences and unite against fascist oppression. Gone, at least temporarily, were the debates about proper philosophy of the left: the goal was to unite in order to defeat fascism. As for fascism itself, its roots were in the nationalist fervor stoked by Italy’s late 19th and early 20th century imperialist ventures in Africa, which are reflected in several items in the collection. Fascism itself, with its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_radicalism">radical</a> nationalist agenda, came to prominence in the first quarter of 20th-century Europe, originating in Italy during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I">World War I</a>. Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party, a right-wing organization which launched a campaign of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents, and forced the king in 1922 to name him the Prime Minister as a result of the fascists’ show of force in the March on Rome. In America, active fascist supporters started two magazines that vied for primacy with Mussolini as instruments of the Fascist Party in America. Agostino de Biasi’s Il Carroccio, (The Chariot) was published from 1915 until 1935 - most years of the magazine are in the collection - with a circulation of about 10,000–12,000, long-lived initially but ultimately with a circulation of only about one-third of Domenico Trombetta’s far more militant Il Grido della Stirpe (The Cry of the Race), which became the largest circulation pro-fascist periodical at about 30,000 at its height in the mid-late 1920s, dropping to about 5,000 in the late 1930s as Italian Americans soured on Mussolini. Mussolini also promoted teaching the Italian language to Italian American schoolchildren, reflected in several items in the collection. Both fascist and therefore anti-fascist activities were not confined to New York, Chicago and other big cities. By the early 1920s, Fascist Party cells in the United States were present in Buffalo, Albany, Rochester and Syracuse. Subject The topic of the resource This section of the collection reflects tensions between fascists and anti-fascists. But the anti-fascist movement in the U.S. among Italians and others had far less to fear from Mussolini than did such dissidents in Italy itself. Savage portrayals and caricatures of Mussolini and of fascism are fully reflected in the collection. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il fascismo [Fascism]. New York: Libreria del "Martello", [1922?]. Description An account of the resource Valera (b. Como 1850 - d. Milano 1926) was a prolific journalist and novelist - referred to as the "Zola of Italy" - who led an even more colorful life than his confreres among anti-fascists. He spent three years in prison in the late 1880s for his involvement in a scandal with Emma Allis, ex-lover of Vittorio Emmanuele II. His best known work perhaps is the 1924 Mussolini: da socialista a fascista, which remains in print; it depicts Mussolini as a "voltagabbana" or turncoat, and was suppressed by the fascist government. The 16-page Il fascismo is unsurprisingly not listed among Valera's book-length works; it is probably a reprint of one or more articles he wrote for Il Martello during his long association with that newspaper - he is listed in advertisements for Il Martello as a regular contributor - or another publication a year or two before his booklength Mussolini. There is an extensive list of books available for sale at Il Martello on the inside and outside rear covers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Paolo Valera Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Libreria del "Martello" Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1922?] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 13.5 x 16.5cm; 16 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1921-1930 anti-fascist book ads Il Martello New York newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/b2f7ce6eceb1ca70ff8266c9963d8862.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=g%7ElppA2IbZMEQcKAUY5N2aW8H3LJGN5h37tKJmvlZDuZaeo40xBgGbl3EAGm4BIFL65kumI-DX0rIRGX7bo2fXlYxUluxNEEl7c%7EGiA7r-3wyRiowpI3dz6tREKM0ZJXKFyhQnyLoeqWhC0frcYfqiog43AAWGd96axIusUcphovbmtDK2gXKaVG48DM7aflyp0vIbnqotPVDdfvoS72NUXaxzh1I-o%7EgYRB64-ZHD-jOiJwWW37kA%7EWA5A-beevzmRUjhGliZeBYjywQQ9Ikf514bNr04ewtExJBmZ51b27Lqi1UndMKVBTU2Q-DdYk1G0fOF9wclev3%7ESVmY4Oaw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 652423c6e14690e52ceee8e02fd1a1c6 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/a9878dd5d3753b752e0ff9025cc6a860.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=lXMRP8ic3mzNfaWSWEgAmjwV-L2OBhlHv3BXjap8YmrSp5LAbvqjlhIxWLr2-tHYIt0hbiJgXkpV2WvOmUcH8oUGjqQOoQ3o-f-XsJEyNPrTyIt1%7ETOLNTXv5HhH%7EF5%7EGcLw0eD6GJOr3cUsIyOo2KquARyejSB3ikEblEUyNxjFRo8elzrhh8FIlknpPtpXrasCxaINY8-0zPab9X7LejAIVNF7Jzh2gBGd6YQjvoxO49pi6xnmkCdXJH9MzuTzyyks-YoJEgzAvmDWm2LhjcZ5elV2sijmBZdFrGXoPDvZtbafXSV4oQmGm6WQZtt3rDGSz%7EctJoYXL2Ynlj%7EN5g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 28d44702d4ad2859f68ec6787563cf56 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/195d44a9f181674c764622e65da8773f.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=K-wC6CDChOtR%7EWRu7-OlAzAjyitO0FsX0hTUXlGG9lkXB0xFQBiz7t9V2Bcg8fxS428MhXockJ7LzWYAwmgVdHvUHVuccUpwpWmKFpWfg4HsZ5B7xhyRhosf%7EfuqGJ2Lco1fG-OzeuMjlTDP7%7EXyzNYzYlwFCUbONrJ-WPMxk2s46W3X3M5TB7BJHq0NKEwNIf8x4F6llLtEPQE-HwhmgiglKkwAljFrqBbXUimd1SDzNhkOuOSx9lN9Vcz-6y5BUGvoKws7dKY%7EXs9q7X2z5RBdzUpxdnE240Hl%7EJYtOmg%7EcQmAvsfI9nFeSfVkVUbOiZYJnYWChhk-GdGwftTHBQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d697d79ed0dba00763d1bcbaaada61d0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Histories, philosophy, biographies, directories, bibliographies, almanacs, catalogues, annuals, religious, educational, and travel literature Subject The topic of the resource These largely non-political works reflect a broad pallette of non-fiction reflections on the history of Italians in the U.S., travel literature, biographies (like that of the Peanut King, Obici), or the religious, like Sister, later Mother, and final Saint Cabrini. Description An account of the resource In these non-fiction works, Italians reflected upon themselves and their American experiences. Representing the non-sovversivi type of immigrant, who were more interested in becoming American and “making it” in America than in stoking class warfare and remaking society, They began to place themselves in the context of contemporary American society and the history in America. The release in 1921 of Alfredo Bosi’s Cinquant’anni di vita italiana in America, the first history of Italians in the United States, represented a watershed - the first 50 years of Italians in America - and allegedly arose from a conversation between journalist Bosi and King Vittorio Emanuele of Italy in 1901, in which the king expressed curiosity about the Italian colony in America. Luigi Roversi’s biography of Palma di Cesnola proudly places that Italian within the august homes of white Anglo-Saxon Protestant America, into which di Cesnola had married, and where he ruled as the first director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. More than the first half of Flamma’s “biography” of the greatest mayor New York City had ever seen, Fiorello LaGuardia, has little to do with La Guardia, unfortunately, but the work did reflect his obvious pride that after electing mayors in 29 other cities, Italians “finally” elected (in 1933) a mayor of Italian heritage to the country’s most important city. The directories discussed here, from New York to San Francisco, provide a particularly rich source of information about the different businesses and professions Italians had in virtually every state of the union, from as early as the 1880s (in San Francisco) to the first few decades of the 20th Century (primarily in New York). Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Russia in fiamme [Russia in Flames]. New York: Casa Editrice "I Giovani", 1919. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vincenzo Vacirca Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casa Editrice "I Giovani" Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 19.5 x 13cm; 221 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Description An account of the resource The subject of La Russia in fiamme is one Vacirca knew well from his interviews (while a senator in Italy) with Lenin and Trotsky: the Russian Revolution, from its inception in 1917. The first few pages feature quotations in French (Romain Rolland) and English (Longfellow), as well as from Maxim Gorky, who is quoted in Italian, calling for the complete overthrow of the Bolshevik regime whose censorship of Gorky’s newspaper strained their relations. Vacirca (b. Ragusa, 1886 - d. Roma 1956) was surely one of the most colorful characters among the Italian American left and a prominent socialist agitator (see discussion of his American activities, in the magazines La Strada (q.v.) and, in 1927, Il Solco (q.v.), for example). Condemned for subversive publishing, he emigrated to Brazil in 1908, where he directed the daily L'Avanti! Arrested and expelled from Brazil, he emigrated to Argentina. Imprisoned there, he was released by the intervention of a socialist deputy, and fled through Italy to Austria. Expelled from Austria, he went to the U.S. Like Gaetano Salvemini (q.v.) and others, he was also deprived of his citizenship by Mussolini. All along the way, he published several social novels. In 1919, after publication of this work, he returned to Italy, where he was quickly arrested. In America, among other writing and editing roles between 1913 and 1919, he led Il Nuovo Mondo. The editorship of La Parola (its name changed in 1920, with Vacirca still involved, to La Parola del Popolo) was handed over to Vacirca (and Alberico Molinari, q.v.) in 1920. Between 1921 and 1924, he was pursued relentlessly by the fascists, and as noted, he was deprived of Italian citizenship. Matteotti sent him on a mission to London in 1924. Condemned to five years imprisonment by a judge in Siracusa, Vacirca returned to the U.S., where the fascists did not cease to pursue him. He was also blessed with a talented wife, Clara, who published a number of her novels and stories in a variety of journals, including (surprisingly enough, given its right-wing politics) Il Carroccio, which is well represented in the Collection, and where at least one story of Clara's may be found. 1911-1920 Alberico Molinari Durante history New York newspaper press Vincenzo Vacirca https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/66f24b7604c5683235ff45dbbb74f488.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=XoKGROZGAjBmA3%7E25zC6RbP7AwA%7E94ibpS55Gaz4rMAvL4p1cRHXSzKs2J15vkqN1rX8oJeOqmGx-M1szyXWx58-KzZqZsVmt9JTf7VnPAe9LLRD5nBxKjCoRgxLRPtdEY-B%7Ebm3WW-Y4wBZ4lHOAgfmElXp5hDd8aHDOlZM-IETbzXCOoJb6SnKsbQqp%7EFM9WOWHcyqfpDmhmgEvXMrcC5oN%7EXuA%7Em3xkLGyFkMlB39LC3o7oPAWf2aaBB3Tqtl1fjkhtYW%7EUlLZDGPR6mh4HHoshgcKeG5xw9pd0gD5v2otMVLJkqZnwtgSHigADqgCh3VMC7KXU59iSXMWCTepg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8584b6104650965109567f46f174cf8e https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/e57f544c505dd4b254857610b9bbc00f.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=G57U6Bwh1l3QKWLBeBKd5h64VRDjgcZVSEydOgBKKN4YYnRmEKghykFGIWwxkeTJbp3KQgsOMKdHy0OHt4V7v5SETdo4D%7E8mVXEDu5VfQy6X7xzdzTSbISB-hT7dVoeJdJoxX%7E2P%7Ef3k15lGmMNetBqV6Wf01mzCOLcuBCYsMkxsmYr9CiDV33pjwr7YG7vfcJTStjJKA-9MKJEByFXxEvXGgYpS5Cko1YaPJ7ZZi-rF8C4LkbSewUcUDEvLOOR7upZflQMnt%7EBSG%7EoPJob7Gy4uLAaKwQ1e9GjRqG014okvEHbVSP1ezH6W0RU5dOzJpfSLHqErDNyt%7EO3mZ4ailA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1dd8e910e2352c08bdb50846a00cb2c7 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/013122ce94fbb528566dc3984bb31ff7.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=HQpWWf2%7EsWv1MfoX4O405ZzGNd-2HdIn3dnG19bYGg1KKdq4bmXZzqTuMS5o4VRpg-LOt%7EmIIfnmwZ2w6h%7EiZOENy-mNC3XX8Nr8Y1xQ66tRDF7U6Ypc6bfMMMCX2ory3f4X1vIvtHND%7ElAmOuZ9iSw5r9Mjg767XpNFP6FwYwMJt2qV6HQK%7EqCtbQ0WLNC2GWjrHphXHLBKYCRIGM5vV3wP5Kh6--%7EAoI5rS-Wl7ZL7thKR%7E8z2XSvQaVBISnY0eQTcb1X%7EaXc%7ESyzPTsHBiz4aWAMjCssIw4rhGMWHjubfZpWHFKuImQ-Wl3CwpxR8ZpfmjR8ZA1CQJn8mj93HSw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7da1497faf971fca479ddc0ed345bfdf https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/a4507c95bbf991d64711661d4f9c2271.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=irv2SiJUXBO73XyhIhYNSJCUgd37QNbrxIymRoHkwzrH19E7t0Fim4qWEEF2XIpb7qVYMrSc5sKpvXlBmmqtRaZWY34QXcltdWz6IxcvrQTUXk0aTv-ZFIIs1hZR9reL%7EImZ2ytFz7NLn8b%7EjKNONeDu7tc%7E5y0dxbKmqJJcedgVcFe-mQ6p2EWubxsK1W7fD0YY1hGhT9ZMAIc0p%7EtkePDd69QkO0DG%7EJKIiS-N3SQIR4tWtRpJ8X1-DNbDib1-cUOK3Y1sgec7czd2ie94L%7EqHjCEVFtCCWHzuq3Dvxi8Y2%7Ecl-DZOEk1Xo-j9-YNI2U1yvKzwCYBNPFX579x1yw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4a0c460b4577408203b1ed40a2c9d7ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives III: Fascists and anti-fascists Description An account of the resource The Anti-Fascist movement embraced diverse leftists, including Carlo Tresca, as noted above. Opposition to Mussolini from the left was reflected by activities of the Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America, which formed common ground for anarchists, socialists/syndicalists and communists to temporarily set aside their differences and unite against fascist oppression. Gone, at least temporarily, were the debates about proper philosophy of the left: the goal was to unite in order to defeat fascism. As for fascism itself, its roots were in the nationalist fervor stoked by Italy’s late 19th and early 20th century imperialist ventures in Africa, which are reflected in several items in the collection. Fascism itself, with its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_radicalism">radical</a> nationalist agenda, came to prominence in the first quarter of 20th-century Europe, originating in Italy during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I">World War I</a>. Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party, a right-wing organization which launched a campaign of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents, and forced the king in 1922 to name him the Prime Minister as a result of the fascists’ show of force in the March on Rome. In America, active fascist supporters started two magazines that vied for primacy with Mussolini as instruments of the Fascist Party in America. Agostino de Biasi’s Il Carroccio, (The Chariot) was published from 1915 until 1935 - most years of the magazine are in the collection - with a circulation of about 10,000–12,000, long-lived initially but ultimately with a circulation of only about one-third of Domenico Trombetta’s far more militant Il Grido della Stirpe (The Cry of the Race), which became the largest circulation pro-fascist periodical at about 30,000 at its height in the mid-late 1920s, dropping to about 5,000 in the late 1930s as Italian Americans soured on Mussolini. Mussolini also promoted teaching the Italian language to Italian American schoolchildren, reflected in several items in the collection. Both fascist and therefore anti-fascist activities were not confined to New York, Chicago and other big cities. By the early 1920s, Fascist Party cells in the United States were present in Buffalo, Albany, Rochester and Syracuse. Subject The topic of the resource This section of the collection reflects tensions between fascists and anti-fascists. But the anti-fascist movement in the U.S. among Italians and others had far less to fear from Mussolini than did such dissidents in Italy itself. Savage portrayals and caricatures of Mussolini and of fascism are fully reflected in the collection. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pervertimento: L'Antifascismo di Carlo Fama [Depravity: the anti-fascism of Carlo Fama]. New York: Libreria del Grido della Stirpe, [n.d.] Description An account of the resource Trombetta (b. Aquila, 1885 - d. New York, ca. 1950s) was a freelance journalist who immigrated to the U.S. in 1903, became an American citizenship, and then lost it. He began his journalistic career at the L’Italia Nostra (Our Italy), a weekly interventionist paper founded by erstwhile socialist Edmondo Rossoni. Changing political stripes toward fascism at the same time as Rossoni but without the latter’s ambivalent feelings, in 1923 Trombetta founded the violently polemical fascist bi-weekly Il Grido della Stirpe, whose circulation soon more than doubled that of de Biasi’s politically similar, better known and long-lived, but less strident Il Carroccio. Il Grido was sued repeatedly for libel, from which Trombetta, who eventually became a leading voice of Italian American fascism, usually escaped unscathed. However, in 1942, the process of "snaturalizzazione" or denaturalization was commenced, leading to Trombetta's arrest, loss of American citizenship, and his detention at Ellis Island, as reported in the October 1, 1942 issue of the Mazzini Society's newspaper, q.v. While “pervertimento” can mean more broadly “corruption” or “depravity,” Trombetta also, rather speculatively, calls Fama (at p. 127) “pervertito,” a pervert and a degenerate. Fama, a respected medical doctor, Presbyterian minister and Republican Party supporter, was a particularly effective and unusual anti-fascist: as one of the few whose anti-fascism did not arise from a radical politics or labor militancy, he had a respectability that gave special credibility to his severe critique of and charges about fascist activities. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Domenico Trombetta Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Libreria del Grido della Stirpe Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [n.d.] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 22.5 x 15.5cm; 132 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1941-1950 fascist newspaper press polemical https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/edcd4d264e7505887a2c3f975c2df802.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=VraDS5H-DsYD3W7MFyIz7qkyPpj%7ExTQVD84SeEP2r5oipHdrGyctJPzkfsh-YFa4uZZgRZ4H-Gelzk-g4k7cJmZCGrKNtL5ED-AM%7EUPOiEbegeYcRhweRbFoa7Fm99NA6AGs9nCXq-%7ELJg-2KEtindeRMLopeGfP-aJmDRqmKRqFhq60xwgBTfuLwDW6Im-0zuwXgEr2JfNFwQOoLwOQiVNB5GxLxrVtWxP5U8C3qRwmLsia6sj233K35dwQHdO4UtqxYVvBJaLvzEDZwZi6T8wzua3vR6uoeFUi8NFOIwqT5EfcT7ZyeidDCceMUU-uxfyH5Eb286MVx-ffUmKnKw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5585a8690773b323593a4f2ca9513d56 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/c78e88745c6a3b31e6b92828375be56d.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=VaoibIU83McAdGI5L96KzuIIzKvPlAo9l%7EbPhrvRztcZKAqGBDxLnf5gdCkA39UWWqh4cpSS3k-tIqzS7Shgw-KfEatz6VSUDuy7WPGPOto5YUUhQY9ZuBeQVVM3REt02skShzsxXO%7EKJGPPB6pMqX-BPdrOD5qaKpyG7OrW1T%7EJn6nzXLoN7%7Ej1H9XOe0mZ5sTQfVLwkgEPtHl1PAy9kIcNi3ix4AM10NArRsngj4mSYaA49JErBwFCzWwHH1CBk4SNnc%7EkbjPeyxLQ7shoYX8J%7ERGpV3xOWVfDqDbEn9a9Fqnxm-pMACjlgDJnPGEUAcf%7EYFsvWA2PQ0APQG9G0A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 92425cc9516846005e5eff75683d120a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives IV: Arturo Giovannitti, Carlo Tresca, and their circles Description An account of the resource Arturo Giovannitti immigrated to Montreal at the age of 17, where he became a Protestant pastor. He then moved to Pennsylvania, preaching mostly to miners. He later left the church to join the labor movement after becoming interested in socialist ideas. Participating in the great Bread and Roses strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts in 1912, Giovannitti was accused falsely of the homicide of striker Anna Lo Pizzo, and arrested, along with Joseph Ettor and Joseph Caruso. Speaking in his defense while on trial in Salem, he delivered a legendary apologia in English that was subsequently published in both English and Italian under the title “The Walker,” further establishing his charismatic leadership. After 1920, Giovannitti was among the organizers of the committee for the defense of Sacco and Vanzetti, a major leader of the anti-fascist movement, thus of the Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America (AFANA), and a member of the committee formed to push for the investigation of the assassination of his friend Carlo Tresca. A complex intellectual figure, equally comfortable in both English and Italian, Giovannitti is the rare Italian American writer who, despite the extraordinary reception accorded him within American literary culture, never abandoned the Italian community. His English-language poems were often translated into Italian as well as into Sicilian. Only his Italian-language publications are included here, including especially Quando canta il gallo and several issues of a gorgeous literary-political magazine, Vita, published beginning in 1915, a few issues of which became part of the collection only recently (2021). Carlo Tresca was the radical left’s most complex, fascinating character, a powerful thinker, charismatic orator and rabble rouser, ladies’ man and a warm friend who never forgot the human dimension of people whatever their politics. By the time fascism began to take serious root in Italy, Italian American radicals for the most part put aside their factionalism to join in the fight against totalitarianism. Along with Giovannitti, Tresca was one of the founding members of AFANA. However, Tresca’s popularity earned him a lifetime of enmity from Luigi Galleani and his followers. Tresca’s political views evolved over time from a belief in the need for a revolution to destroy the private ownership of property basic to capitalism, to grass-roots union organizing in 1905, when he became its leading Italian proponent and practitioner, to being an anarchist who nevertheless believes in organized unions or syndicates (anarcho-syndicalism) by 1913. His longest-lived newspaper was Il Martello [The Hammer], constantly in financial and political difficulties – for many years of its publication, he had to submit advance translations into English for the Post Office and Justice Department of each issue – and a significant book-publishing venture of the same name – Casa editrice “Il Martello.” In addition to several years of issues of Il Martello, and a couple of works authored by Tresca himself, the collection includes numerous publications of works by others under the Casa editrice "Il Martello" imprint. Subject The topic of the resource Giovannitti and Tresca stand out as vibrant, charismatic individuals, not unlike Galleani and Borghi but with a broader political and non-political following and personal drama to match. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource L'attentato a Mussolini ovvero Il segreto di Pulcinella [The Attempt on Mussolini: or the Secret of Pulcinella]. New York: Casa Ed. "Il Martello", 1925. Description An account of the resource The premiere performance of this play opened at the Central Opera House, located at 205 East 67th Street in New York on Sunday, December 13, 1925. It was based on actual historical circumstances — namely, a staged attentato, or attempt (to assassinate Mussolini). When its opening was announced in advance, the Fascist Party ambassador to the U.S. asked the State Department, which considered anarchists like Tresca to be troublesome “Reds,” to prevent the performance from taking place. FBI agents and Bomb Squad officials invaded the theatre on that opening night, and stopped the opening curtain on the specious grounds that the performance would violate New York’s Sunday “Blue Laws.” Tresca took the stage, faulted the government’s prohibition for acting at the behest of Mussolini, whose fascist dictatorship, he exclaimed, was in the thrall of high-finance capitalism. The New York press, which normally disapproved of anarchists like Tresca, expressed sympathy in this case for the anti-fascists, raising questions as to why a foreign government was being placated by American authorities in this way. The claimed attempt on Mussolini’s life was the pretext for the repressive “emergency laws” in Italy of November 1926. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carlo Tresca Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casa Ed. "Il Martello" Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 22 x 14.5cm; 32 p. Language A language of the resource Italian English 1921-1930 anti-fascist Carlo Tresca drama Durante Il Martello New York newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/474b58e1c0bb8dddfda7545f59b20623.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=cmWQ1oJw%7ESnH0818tyIsZatxdnkQdYG-Y%7ENoK7LYiVs1wzStpn6mq1bBRAI82k0vmqSwIOF1esbnVhJtofYmJD3r9045oMOyCmn9VLCZymS56T8DkiRP31g8G7ipiwvIGUwAiez8kL2LiuCZAmAXDGrUA9IxkEaO3Krrz-kN1ObrEoZWQ63uKu7pltwVv3jt-Mya5HjuhXba9jdxy-Ml-Wo%7EzgPo67M7dQZ1XkZ2ClP3uu1QS-DseJI32SO32RUw%7EDgR0O-sl%7EiLqeVDMG4j7cmx%7Ep6%7EBNaUZi%7EwdpA52rh7eraBNOO1ZvWlnNcG1Pz4q-LxQKXQPKh1%7E13ICefoVA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 601c1a59f882cb2a2d0e6b2712084eb3 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/6f2aa132876ca68a0b2581fcf0006652.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=t%7ETCQXV0dvCtF9v29O7%7EY0HWzIQQggS8y5EBMv%7E1i8iSxpjGkb47JSfwQK0WLi2O04gHllxBbfZjXa9DfaT4wmcV4wY%7ETWI1OW%7E9jbYxZu%7E3f2gS3V6Wpbh9mNDiPWWS%7EvrlReY0mILjlu31R-BMK5Zekagyv5nHrnK6rCvrr0eKFQFXCC-bf6PaJ22rN11Qdb7NoO1K5YCoPiKeN1WADnWkvm5FM1bQxhrUn9zTZFGOgX4hxVTd%7EBpBDcvQaQq3yoSADpcw0HmZ-7Gea9mWrljIGpaOz2qb983Me6s35-WMyHpPQ4l1aH6eN49Rx7CvVyMsBX7HIa0YdWCcmR4bCg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9a5077a0f54fe25b6a8042d0f4cbdd9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives II: Anarchists (all types), socialists, syndicalists, communists, anti-clericals Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sgraffi [Scratches]. Newark: Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1946. Description An account of the resource This collection of poetry is dedicated to those who have gone through the same struggles that Damiani had suffered. For a brief biography of Damiani, see entry for his La bottega. After the deaths of Galleani and Malatesta, the fascist regime in Italy considered Damiani, always on the move although never in the U.S., as the leader of Italian anarchism. The Collection contains more than a dozen works published by the Library of the newspaper L'Adunata dei Reffratari [The Gathering of the Refractories], q.v., directed by "Max Sartin." That was the pseudonym of Raffaele Schiavina, who had been deported from the U.S. to Italy in 1919 along with Luigi Galleani. Unlike Galleani, Schiavina managed to sneak back into the U.S. and begin the publication once again of an anarchist newspaper very much like the Cronaca Sovversiva of Galleani, using this pseudonym. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [Gigi Damiani] "Simplicio" Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Biblioteca de L'Adunata dei Refrattari Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18.5 x 12.5cm; 103 p. Language A language of the resource Italian 1941-1950 Gigi Damiani Max Sartin (Raffaele Schiavina) newspaper press https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/f1b88252a1a7e55b69d9dc84f465e331.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=u9dxepOG8pJSwuhUk6JeILGosuFeKD6YEZ4gjKQeWqm3KEQjBdlgXnWyHaozB66m5CA0qtVVYj3avgr-IPqSC4FDP6CHvfy%7E8n4ZzeP7v4D7hvrqanWnVNgltSGSIcw2hPOhn-HZG7fiXuw-vOhVkaNEu5fppPgk842zpyJXDAAYr2Vg9Neg-IjlZ5u7sVzaWXzpFxJAzW298hOqzldADHXtdc7fE-N6WV%7E7mGMidPbCDWjHJKDmtM5NhKc6aMxjNWkdaEk0t56L3FzkdTvpboKnuTCODHald0AEiMSS0MFaeeeLXR8wjEnLkY9AKI4XvzgUQBFBLC7ymrHKGvbdzA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 82d965d38060050dbf3fe0a235bd02ac https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/b591c67e3372e5fdde2b378f50900cba.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=BUYiNYwHa1ni94N1sNhRcDUpnKw0rzG4a0dlE3vnQmCIu901mVaC8OXuyM4y9meJ6hCgc71XP3R2ro5VXiAfcfbTm857JppEidR03RZUV6GxWc2KamE3HXDjAo9yikiupaiPSmUaRUzntOx2cazLWvbvRAp7%7EhJ9xuSftXH9OAt1QLLjj-OxByeJZCLySRdyLMzrmMq5tAQNdQC0i7drxgF5Jy3K8yS19yX32Tbq76loqyHjh3DsQ%7EuIHmaQtGl-HXMfY3u5-2wgkeBuuJxGdzyM6fM2kToLYAvCG1Mh%7EzDjnLOgSqC6cet2yZ3brE0XqKnEFWVoozGJ6FXeOj9Jqw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM aef3d428804191ac503ced996a7fde60 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/9cdb6f9782a14b7ae2c45cc1d9ec3488.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=n%7E8ud-233qXzcbLjcQ%7E49FkN0RD1YTU8qr-EsjnWUE6CqGM%7EXFPOaIR0aZ3uQuMBMSttXw5aZW1AvDamWIZqovCGGd4Y8X4Qq9%7EoT2wQTae8nHG3F167VJZuFuvyUoIE8s4HES37E0rQBZz0nVkmM7gggx3SQTCYzcN2DudQ6pEQfsOZHedd4a2lrYcrWv8OCEkXecX6GTteSKrMziOHLbm9FcmbMi2OVUk4iJgg3Da0cX8FV6tESq-MBzmWvR1IPz3CrJE09z9X0jN1oq3pT4lzKpEYpPeYroUcNRZVEABt54inyQHjKVDWN2Bwekx6pQ%7EyGdDKJ4HZ0chTY%7EnYPw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f79e24b56fe341535c88fb80e1fc60f6 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/a3340659ee538a76cba11c9d9f94359b.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=eTuVBO4M9HBVzhSWntBym9Azf0x78Q7WZGq6OjanFYe0TehRj1apNabXkKa9xwPVExgJNb5rf8jQZAfc2HLCZFm%7Ej8vB0ZEiKjX0HAu6NPhDCRaVfEpvVp08CaFdWA1c3nfP0IcySrcqJkwBJCw9iPWbcm8HbQfOMWvm4cjAzvvvRNmiflYckCqtT5gm8jbR6qKehkNVztvF-ubtdnG%7E48tb6BK%7E7I3%7EffhpwyEstlmBrU0HYOotOhJrsxHH24V1eU7gl8AV%7EmOZ9FSPcIBQhU1eEGZSCjvfa9IrZIF5TbwugQNb10TacDcWSQZSDZdhB-T%7E3IBrfZbMJUt78zxDkg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 238c94b113e3cdf3e99cdc6a0d51fae8 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/8501ac8f66163e3576d9976d5612f8f8.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=BE6rCS2Sq57UJXc9-p9IaWT5AHV0zq5CkMSKaXwMF4Youmtu9Pt6hUvlM4l-3E%7EzJxTrkMBgqBpEvjBa09yE7IM0Epgw536373-co6n7g2lWmkXJlcdx-TPPSyHfl8QTdNFMOxE%7Ewlk6T5oCroABqJhHEwJ1XayINFtwU30plcotSHIIdInqD6YJ52m25vMDJBs5kS-hfwTW58pZSyrdR6tcfo39v5PHystzUaT-0feKyGWEtCIJ9k%7E9wtVx31U21BwKKPvh5%7EJjTi3eVgoow%7EBON6SfQYcHg%7ERtdvIk9p%7E-RYKgtA3RP2YvRLwlHabo6zqcv06Q25IpeMlsDHnxqg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bd14b915f8ef68d029a39902e2a43a45 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/c9e92b7c0a039506b5b0bbd20ba435df.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=VWCAfaaFmN1qf1j5EK2ZCw7l8u9mzoDCBefl-zKnFpEAjPen3UgWD1eXbehQ9MCE9knpW6%7ED41xymecaB72LhlVfAfY7f876IWO2L-xYp6YGzvW-%7EGjE77BDQqRMuOnzQm6r9ChHj%7Em57giuxqRTXgJUboU4RA-DRObaHPKG%7E2a79MeqAIm1XjjA0EWPKsgOOoh6PAeoAp5tnkg6nWGuw8RJpsCmhw%7EZ0oaQZfNjHo69J9Pk6N9ABoyaOQpFrBK3PRCg4slWA0sVwP4l5mmvBCWbyeQ2BfDpVBFJ6LPmGu7R9KZW0UuzDQLw-S02vXlddnWELnU2zQKmLeZmxtcMbg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2d039f72cac38eae188cc497d466e54c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America, Anno 18, Vol. 36. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1932. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Agostino De Biasi Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Il Carroccio Publishing Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1932 Language A language of the resource Italian Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423">Il Carroccio, Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324">Il Carroccio, Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325">Il Carroccio, Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331">Il Carroccio, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">, Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333">Il Carroccio, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 </a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">, Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335">Il Carroccio, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">, Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337">Il Carroccio, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">, Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339">Il Carroccio, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323">Il Carroccio [main entry]</a> Description An account of the resource This six-month period of Il Carroccio in 1932 contains essays by Mussolini in nearly every monthly issue, as well as pro-fascist poetry in several issues by Rosa Zagnoni Marinoni, the poet laureate of Arkansas, and essays by Edward Corsi, Giuseppe Marconi, and other well-known Italians or Italian Americans who were not known as pro-fascist. See both the description in the 1915 volume (<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a>) and in the "main entry," the last on the list below, with a hyperlink, for its history and place in Italian American publishing. That a title page from a June 1934 issue appears in this volume that actually begins in 1932 is confusing, and perhaps due to a binding error. 1931-1940 Durante fascist Il Carroccio magazine nationalist New York newspaper press periodical https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/2a843275a328b8e60d315314fbefe52d.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=X8uJHmELMbYqGnmXcS8AXZ48Q%7EWE7eVAO5fOn4ZPBSqSiSZqiAm9kXZeFZR0MauiuyBvq4riDNhIomV4aUgfin%7E9C24ud6Sv23ZlzsSZ74JEdNORJ%7EivlZAA6mwEevvJzJY10h5ecLEC-zkpmYqkdjU-TryLBJFYgBodmBZm6If39OngMCtplvHCr0eF3M-EY-ijwqX6h1Zdv4RzqVrV5e6r7T44PdPMm2VRljTOLOga-rKmNAvEd4K-W-9s99ZNluxwSW3q91XUcPVeZvdcOA1ATi%7ENu31E6I%7Ena1HbOJQsrwY2YhUQxkA6HYbpJXBj6OxD1TidQvoT7LiUmfHGZQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0774bcfc5ef29c79e0cf6cb7a08d8e91 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/ae1989ac557ebe6f992d1e8b0de9da47.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=K4a30mp-UsBD3BsbuWeONccjEjMtc%7EVRs-DbXDeLnSRX9Kiu2jaa2cYJATrNgcrCWtBCg0%7Ea7oqlWBD%7EwFRcBqSBhNrEHJ0k5bDZ0XyMbbgePuM7Cb3%7EjLhC%7EGTME%7EyMs2w-RerOw3GkLKO1U7tVEKH0KoKaQOOF8Ko-J0oLBsn4mNDxd0pnlKzpI%7EeFDOH4ZhixuzLZd-Tg1ZH6INP%7Eqtm6SATcMBO5UDop%7Ee6HrVSJ2MJ93PyC%7EWSSyl%7EysU0QGK%7E15iRXV%7EbTlfZEeBfx3Udh2y8MT2xE1K8IBfx8bJBDSlumuinE1TMFFK4QrLzgSEciGW9EHsLUfAEty0iPmw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4704bf76b8ccf41cc3a60ef1a1f60335 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/da8e942c3120b635771c7da221bdc716.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=HTFMbDin4Fso211Z3unyGslnQ29Q5jTd40TOoXcnkv31dz7QMO4HtJrmybQgwHpNH1OG%7E6bMsLv80cAh1pbgDLp819QIa9cfL20lZkzRFRnWDLCRbszZnNRCSca%7EL1AUEWN-8Y3InTucXbV9unZM-e-DUiJcEM9WS3xPNhrVrpNFedsRFC5QqiSBsGYVlwpSsvKDll-s4VmIHntN9qOkCtuK8WZIYwyzxydT9c6hnSc9TxICzlhBn61lKcSKi3VIlk64%7EOs1NFyyGtMo2sjeNgykHYK1-fG1-YwQTnKz9hjKlIqwkdz0IkZi61FyAPRefM66BExAQQLsFJpElokZBw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 659263284e9f3f6bbac4c031573b9af2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America, Anno 18, Vol. 35. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Agostino De Biasi Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Il Carroccio Publishing Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932 Language A language of the resource Italian Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423">Il Carroccio, Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324">Il Carroccio, Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325">Il Carroccio, Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331">Il Carroccio, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">, Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333">Il Carroccio, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 </a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">, Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335">Il Carroccio, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">, Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337">Il Carroccio, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/338">, Anno 17, Vol. 34 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">, Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323">Il Carroccio [main entry]</a> Description An account of the resource The title of one essay by a non-Italian (P.W. Wilson) - "Two Men Who Stand As Symbols - Pius XI and Mussolini," stands out. Some poems by one Anna Lannutti in the December issue stand out for the frequent phenomenon we have seen, of the politics of writers not necessarily being consistent with that of the magazine: Lannutti was the dedicatee of inscriptions by Riccardo Cordiferro of copies of several of his works (Il prisco cavaliere and La vendetta, q.v.), also in the 1930s. Of course, that fact does not tell us per se that Lannutti's politics were those of the left-leaning Cordiferro and La Follia. See both the description in the first entry below (<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a>) and in the "main entry" (1915-1932) at the end for Il Carroccio for its history and place in Italian American publishing. 1931-1940 Durante fascist Il Carroccio magazine nationalist New York newspaper press periodical https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/8448157bb01d50707a9600e41135dcd4.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=P7fw%7ESE%7EHxuYmvb5zshGdSmQ0d2hNjafHTzLNvF4eJ%7ECHGOnAXFcaOPviKUY8SSbJ4hObmHVeyfX9g4DKu4Be1OmnpLHwZlpqmGvBv%7EAMfSVu0ATeuxLGGzedJ%7EYdlgNQFlrE6Bwc-d4DmFADLQh9UFCLBTyWLn5X9a3IXIFLHlio9IpK-IvBgTKhtIiwlWNTm-4yO7VbX71fTqedr3djP3rdA1OvALjja1OJwKsGI54fvm-KkcgHEFOo6JR7sYbtO4j61rDw9gxajA5EuceC4WAH9nzWaA-XjETrZ5JcwYeus1iC0DCnX2M6RDQ%7EL2g5H-LKsu6CCXLnq60Egg1vg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 92eec497feb74575fa8802d3a4210918 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/4222586cd703ff31d685e8df1703c2c9.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=VmcD9z3XhM4%7EKR4uye4d7oBCfg1mbmuxnE3xiSjGr-M6Qqm5ztTfmpPfNyMSaL%7E9VKyhS2GKL9AHj%7Eip8bLm6ywwBVSK7bgZVHpmwcQMtLkjt1wW42emU%7E5yOUuWPMdw-uli4HS3CglkDIu8zuIYaVGQlIu5nOp1Ek42H0yvZvRqS1fvb%7EAacfn0RgrElHKrWh2u1YWRSuKMhqu5JC3IBKjs8I9BwSx3kqnEeiWHvxwLgM3K441gH9n5t6aA4M7ocJxEEhaaTNqxn7ajdVGR7rdoKkJyxCNCX%7EdduqnshNxqdOQ98zKnzE05ff9nQhVkxzTAExBMJ6V%7EpMGlDC1qSg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d583cd9ec68ed853fee866194bf32119 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Il Carroccio (The Italian Review): rivista di coltura propaganda e difesa italiana in America, Anno 17, Vol. 34. New York: Il Carroccio Publishing Co., Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1931. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Agostino De Biasi Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Il Carroccio Publishing Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Luglio [July] - Dicembre [December] 1931 Language A language of the resource Italian Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/423">Il Carroccio, Anno 5 [Facsimile] - 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/324">Il Carroccio, Anno 5, Vol. 9, No. 6 - Giugno [June] 1919</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/325">Il Carroccio, Anno 6, Vol. 12, No. 3 - September 1920</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/327">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 23 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/328">Il Carroccio, Anno 12, Vol. 24 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1926</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/329">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 25 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/330">Il Carroccio, Anno 13, Vol. 26 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1927</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/331">Il Carroccio, Anno 14, Vol. 27 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/332">, Anno 14, Vol. 28 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1928</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/333">Il Carroccio, Anno 15, Vol. 29 - Gennaio [January] - Maggio [May] 1929 </a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/334">, Anno 15, Vol. 30 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1929</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/335">Il Carroccio, Anno 16, Vol. 31 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/336">, Anno 16, Vol. 32 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1930</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/337">Il Carroccio, Anno 17, Vol. 33 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1931</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/339">Il Carroccio, Anno 18, Vol. 35 - Gennaio [January] - Giugno [June] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">Il Carroccio</a><a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/340">, Anno 18, Vol. 36 - Luglio [June] - Dicembre [December] 1932</a> <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/323">Il Carroccio [main entry]</a> Description An account of the resource See both the description in the 1915 volume below (<a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/326">Il Carroccio, Anno 1, Vol. 2, Nos. 7-12 - Agosto [August] - Dicembre [December] 1915</a>) and in the hyperlink for the "main entry" at the end (1915-1932) for its history and place in Italian American publishing. 1931-1940 Durante fascist Il Carroccio magazine nationalist New York newspaper press