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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in &lt;em&gt;Parole Colletive&lt;/em&gt;, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the &lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt;. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist &lt;em&gt;Vita&lt;/em&gt;, Vincenzo Vacirca’s &lt;em&gt;Il Solco&lt;/em&gt;, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist &lt;em&gt;Zarathustra&lt;/em&gt;, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist &lt;em&gt;Eresia&lt;/em&gt;, all of which are reflected in the collection. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt; was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt; into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country.</text>
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                  <text>While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Per le vie del mondo&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [Along the Highways of the World].&lt;strong&gt; Milano: C.E.Sonzogno (Matarelli), 1933.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>This work also appeared as a serial in the&lt;em&gt; Corriere d'America&lt;/em&gt; in 1922-23 published under the title&lt;em&gt; Il romanzo d’un emigrate&lt;/em&gt; [The Novel of an Emigrant]. The main characters are its just and strong hero, Bruno Speri, who also appears in &lt;em&gt;L’amante delle tre croci&lt;/em&gt; [The lover of the three crosses], and a rich California heiress, Adriana Rosenthal. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The work sympathetically depicts “our other army that travels periodically along the highways of the world in search of work, because the great common mother [Italy] is too small and too poor to provide for all.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Several examples of Pallavicini’s publications in New York and San Francisco, as well as this Milanese publication, are also in the collection.</text>
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                  <text>During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in &lt;em&gt;Parole Colletive&lt;/em&gt;, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the &lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt;. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist &lt;em&gt;Vita&lt;/em&gt;, Vincenzo Vacirca’s &lt;em&gt;Il Solco&lt;/em&gt;, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist &lt;em&gt;Zarathustra&lt;/em&gt;, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist &lt;em&gt;Eresia&lt;/em&gt;, all of which are reflected in the collection. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt; was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt; into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country.</text>
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                  <text>While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tutto il dolore, tutto l'amore&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [All of the Pain, All of the Love: A novel in an Italian American Environment].&lt;strong&gt; San Francisco: L'Italia Press Company, Ed., 1926.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>The title page states, “Pubblicato nelle appendici del Giornale ‘L’Italia’ di San Francisco,” [Published as appendices of the San Francisco newspaper, L’Italia]. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Like several of the works of fiction in the Collection (see, e.g., Ciambelli), Pallavicini’s melodramatic romantic novel had been published serially, in this case in San Francisco’s popular newspaper owned and directed by one of the &lt;em&gt;prominenti&lt;/em&gt; (“prominent ones,” i.e., prosperous members of the Italian American community), Ettore Patrizzi. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Like much of Pallavicini’s non-political works, especially radio dramas, this novel presents the intrigues and passions of young second-generation Italians in America, torn between their roots and the desire for success, and the tormented, drawn-out love affairs that reflected the conflict between affection for their family and striving to be American that separated them from parental love and guidance. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This work was also printed in Milan by Sonzogno in 1937, some eleven years after it first appeared in the U.S., a somewhat uncommon phenomenon.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Imaginative literature of the great migration: Fiction, poetry, drama, music, and art in books, magazines, and other works on paper&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>During this period fiction, poetry and drama ranged from the sensational urban “mysteries” of Bernardino Ciambelli (never translated into English) to the arguably more literary and certainly more political fiction of Ezio Taddei. Unlike most of the others, Taddei enjoyed a significant, however brief, success in American intellectual circles, with English translations of most of his American works. Illustrations, such as those by Costantino Nivola (the first non-American admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Letters) in &lt;em&gt;Parole Colletive&lt;/em&gt;, matched the sophistication of Taddei’s writing. Poetry was written largely in dialect rather than the standard Italian used by the novelists, could be found in the poetry, of Calicchiu Pucciu, or Francesco Sisca. Drama, more than the other genres, was largely though not exclusively devoted to political education, and was often the central entertainment of May Day picnics of Italian leftists consisting of performances of the plays of Gigi Damiani or other dramatists, discussed in Section VII. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Italian American theatre began in New York in the 1870s. Theatre filled important emotional needs -- entertainment, a support system and social intercourse, supported by a network of fraternal and benevolent associations. Italian and European writers were introduced to immigrant audiences, whether in Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian or other dialects. The Italian American experience furnished the subject matter for original plays written by Italian immigrant playwrights. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among them, Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, who appears in one of the playbills advertising his performance here, made the Italian American immigrant the hero of his dramatic creations. Riccardo Cordiferro, several of whose play scripts appear here, concerned himself in his plays, as in his philosophical writings, with the social conditions of the Italian immigrant, and was less action-oriented than, say, the hard-core work of the &lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt;. Women in the theatre, like Ria Rosa, whose playbills appear here, enjoyed freedom and an outlet for creativity not available to women who played out their lives in traditional domestic roles. Antonio Maiori introduced Shakespeare to his immigrant audiences in his southern Italian dialect productions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guglielmo Ricciardi, whose later memoirs appear in the collection, originated Italian American theatre in Brooklyn, and went on to a successful career in American theatre and cinema. Magazines reflected the politics of the publishers to a greater or lesser extent, whether of the nationalist (and later Fascist) &lt;em&gt;Il Carroccio&lt;/em&gt;, or Arturo Giovannitti’s literary but also politically leftist &lt;em&gt;Vita&lt;/em&gt;, Vincenzo Vacirca’s &lt;em&gt;Il Solco&lt;/em&gt;, Ernesto Vallentini’s socialist &lt;em&gt;Zarathustra&lt;/em&gt;, or Enrico Arrigoni’s anarchist-individualist &lt;em&gt;Eresia&lt;/em&gt;, all of which are reflected in the collection. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The generically (and gently) leftist and anti-clerical &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York&lt;/em&gt; was was one of the earliest, in the 1890s, begun by the Sisca family (of whom Alessandro, pen name Riccardo Cordiferro, was the most celebrated), and was perhaps the single longest-lived magazine published in Italian in the U.S. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cordiferro’s brother, Marziale Sisca, packaged the caricatures of the charismatic Enrico Caruso that adorned the pages of &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt; into a book that went through many editions, beginning in 1908 and continuing with an edition as late as 1965, which suggests that it financially sustained &lt;em&gt;La Follia&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidence of widespread cultural influence may be found in publications which included letters from enthusiastic readers or reviewers preceding or following the work itself, much like today’s review blurbs, and also lists of subscribers from around the entire country.</text>
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                  <text>While the amount of political literature (anarchist, socialist, fascist) in the collection suggests its prevalence in the Italian American community, it might well be the great survival rate of those materials that's responsible. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The non-political imaginative literature created in Italian by the Italian community in the U.S., richer in wildly varying qualities, philosophies and interests than the political literature perhaps, provide a three-dimensional view of the Italian community.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;I misteri di Mulberry Street &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[The Mysteries of Mulberry Street] &lt;strong&gt;[Facsimile]&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;strong&gt; New York: Frugone &amp;amp; Balletto, [1893].&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Martino Marazzi's &lt;em&gt;Voices of Italian America: a History of Early italian American Literature with a Critical Anthology &lt;/em&gt;(Madison, 2004) contains an excerpt from this work in translation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tipografia del "Bollettino della Sera"; notation of each of 37 "dispensa" (parts) at bottom of first page of each Issue in this facsimile reprint.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;La trovatella di Mulberry Street &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[The Foundling of Mulberry Street].&lt;strong&gt; New York: Società Libraria Italiana, 1919.&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ciambelli (b. Lucca, 1862; d. New York, 1931) was the most celebrated and prodigious novelist — as many as eight novels of his were in print and for sale at the bookstore of &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso Italo-Americano&lt;/em&gt; (advertisement, July 5, 1896) — as well as journalist in early 20th-century Italian America, contributing to several newspapers and journals simultaneously throughout New York, including &lt;em&gt;Il Progresso&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;La Voce del Popolo&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;La Follia di New York.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Called Little Italy’s Eugène Sue by critic Francesca Bernabei, he published several serial novels of Italian American life, usually weaving intricate plots of corruption, criminal women, and outrageous activity in a mixture of Zola and Poe. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This novel fits within this genre, intertwining the lives of “the foundling,” Luigina, and the daughter of a millionaire, Annie Richardson.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Though one of Ciambelli’s dreams — to have his works translated into and published in English — was never realized, that did not slow his industriousness in other writing projects. Known for Balzac-like all-night bouts of writing, and his serial publications,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; letteratura d’appendice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, distributed as appendices tucked into successive issues of a newspaper, he also engaged in political organizing among Colorado mineworkers. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alfredo Bosi, who is generally restrained in describing writers, calls Ciambelli in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Cinquant’ anni di vita italiana in America&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; “one of the most popular and prolific colonial writers and journalists, capable of setting out in one night, from the first scene to the last, a big play in five acts, of writing a whole novel of the most sensational kind or of filling with the freshest material about all of the Italian colonies in 8-pages: Bernardino Ciambelli!” (p. 408). Q.v. also, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Gli Italiani negli Stati Uniti d’America&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; [The Italians of the United States of America]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;New York: Italian American Directory Co., 1906, at pp. 153–155 (“Columbus Day”).&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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