La guerra che viene [The War that is Coming]. Newark: Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1939.
Title
La guerra che viene [The War that is Coming]. Newark: Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1939.
Description
Deported to Italy from the U.S. with Galleani, Max Sartin, whose real name was Rafaelle Schiavina (b. San Carlo (Ferrara), Italy, April 8, 1894 – d. New York, 1987) returned illegaly to the U.S. in 1928, editing L'Adunata dei Refrattari until its demise in 1971.
Conceived as the heir to the Cronaca Sovversiva post-Galleani, on April 15, 1922 L’Adunata dei Refrattari (The Gathering of the Unwilling) was initiated as a fortnightly. Directed by Costantino Zonchello and then, briefly, Ilario Margarita, its purpose was to support Sacco and Vanzetti and to serve as an antifascist bulwark. The Collection has a few (but later) issues of L’Adunata dei Refrattari.
Upon his return from Paris in 1928, Schiavina became its editor, first using the pseudonym “Max Sartin.” To review his travels in the U.S.: Schiavina had earned a diploma as an accountant, which was useful to him in obtaining his first employment in America, where he emigrated in 1913, settling in Brockton, Massachusetts. Initially an adherent of socialism, he was influenced by reading Kropotkin’s Memorie (Memoirs), and in 1914 he began to frequent anarchist circles.
He subscribed to the Cronaca Sovversiva and became acquainted with Galleani. In 1916, the latter committed the administration of his newspaper to Schiavina, together with Carlo Valdinoci. Schiavina established himself in Lynn, Massachusetts, and began to write articles and give lectures.
On September 25, 1916, he experienced his first arrest, with Mario Buda and Federico Cari, for an antiwar demonstration in Boston, and was subsequently released. In 1917, on the occasion of the arrest of Galleani, he hid the list of subscribers to the newspaper. In that same year, soon after delivering an antiwar speech in New York, he was also arrested. After being released again, he was able to return to work on the newspaper. He never abandoned the newspaper, even when the main part of Galleani’s group became expatriates in Mexico to avoid conscription to fight in World War I.
Sartin was suspected of being involved in the plot to dynamite Youngstown. After his arrest and that of Ella Antolini in Chicago in January 1918, Schiavina was put on trial and was condemned to a year of hard labor for failing to appear for the draft. He served his sentence in the prison of East Cambridge, after which on June 24, 1919, he was sent to Ellis Island to be deported to Italy, together with Galleani and seven other anarchists.
In 1920, along with Galleani, he brought the Cronaca Sovversiva back to life in Turin, succeeding also in circulating the newspaper clandestinely in the United States, but in October of that year, the Italian police authorities definitively suppressed the newspaper.
With the advent of fascism, Schiavina decided to expatriate. In March 1923, after having passed through Ferrara to see his mother and sister for the last time, he left for Paris, where he established contacts with Italians in political exile. He created the newspapers La Difesa per Sacco e Vanzetti (The Defense of Sacco and Vanzetti, 1923) and Il Mondo (The World, 1925–28) and published the volume Sacco e Vanzetti: Cause e fini di un delitto di stato [Sacco and Vanzetti: Causes and Goals of a State Crime], 1927.
Conceived as the heir to the Cronaca Sovversiva post-Galleani, on April 15, 1922 L’Adunata dei Refrattari (The Gathering of the Unwilling) was initiated as a fortnightly. Directed by Costantino Zonchello and then, briefly, Ilario Margarita, its purpose was to support Sacco and Vanzetti and to serve as an antifascist bulwark. The Collection has a few (but later) issues of L’Adunata dei Refrattari.
Upon his return from Paris in 1928, Schiavina became its editor, first using the pseudonym “Max Sartin.” To review his travels in the U.S.: Schiavina had earned a diploma as an accountant, which was useful to him in obtaining his first employment in America, where he emigrated in 1913, settling in Brockton, Massachusetts. Initially an adherent of socialism, he was influenced by reading Kropotkin’s Memorie (Memoirs), and in 1914 he began to frequent anarchist circles.
He subscribed to the Cronaca Sovversiva and became acquainted with Galleani. In 1916, the latter committed the administration of his newspaper to Schiavina, together with Carlo Valdinoci. Schiavina established himself in Lynn, Massachusetts, and began to write articles and give lectures.
On September 25, 1916, he experienced his first arrest, with Mario Buda and Federico Cari, for an antiwar demonstration in Boston, and was subsequently released. In 1917, on the occasion of the arrest of Galleani, he hid the list of subscribers to the newspaper. In that same year, soon after delivering an antiwar speech in New York, he was also arrested. After being released again, he was able to return to work on the newspaper. He never abandoned the newspaper, even when the main part of Galleani’s group became expatriates in Mexico to avoid conscription to fight in World War I.
Sartin was suspected of being involved in the plot to dynamite Youngstown. After his arrest and that of Ella Antolini in Chicago in January 1918, Schiavina was put on trial and was condemned to a year of hard labor for failing to appear for the draft. He served his sentence in the prison of East Cambridge, after which on June 24, 1919, he was sent to Ellis Island to be deported to Italy, together with Galleani and seven other anarchists.
In 1920, along with Galleani, he brought the Cronaca Sovversiva back to life in Turin, succeeding also in circulating the newspaper clandestinely in the United States, but in October of that year, the Italian police authorities definitively suppressed the newspaper.
With the advent of fascism, Schiavina decided to expatriate. In March 1923, after having passed through Ferrara to see his mother and sister for the last time, he left for Paris, where he established contacts with Italians in political exile. He created the newspapers La Difesa per Sacco e Vanzetti (The Defense of Sacco and Vanzetti, 1923) and Il Mondo (The World, 1925–28) and published the volume Sacco e Vanzetti: Cause e fini di un delitto di stato [Sacco and Vanzetti: Causes and Goals of a State Crime], 1927.
Creator
Max Sartin
[Raffaele Schiavina]
Publisher
Bib. de l'Adunata dei Refrattari
Date
1939
Format
18.5 x 12cm; 40 p.
Language
Italian
Citation
Max Sartin and [Raffaele Schiavina], “La guerra che viene [The War that is Coming]. Newark: Biblioteca de l'Adunata dei Refrattari, 1939.,” Italian-Language American Imprints: The Periconi Collection, accessed April 19, 2024, https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/270.
Comments