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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Histories, philosophy, biographies, directories, bibliographies, almanacs, catalogues, annuals, religious, educational, and travel literature&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>These largely non-political works reflect a broad pallette of non-fiction reflections on the history of Italians in the U.S., travel literature, biographies (like that of the Peanut King, Obici), or the religious, like Sister, later Mother, and final Saint Cabrini.</text>
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                <text>In these non-fiction works, Italians reflected upon themselves and their American experiences. Representing the non-&lt;em&gt;sovversivi&lt;/em&gt; type of immigrant, who were more interested in becoming American and “making it” in America than in stoking class warfare and remaking society, They began to place themselves in the context of contemporary American society and the history in America. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The release in 1921 of Alfredo Bosi’s &lt;em&gt;Cinquant’anni di vita italiana in America&lt;/em&gt;, the first history of Italians in the United States, represented a watershed - the first 50 years of Italians in America - and allegedly arose from a conversation between journalist Bosi and King Vittorio Emanuele of Italy in 1901, in which the king expressed curiosity about the Italian colony in America. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Luigi Roversi’s biography of Palma di Cesnola proudly places that Italian within the august homes of white Anglo-Saxon Protestant America, into which di Cesnola had married, and where he ruled as the first director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More than the first half of Flamma’s “biography” of the greatest mayor New York City had ever seen, Fiorello LaGuardia, has little to do with La Guardia, unfortunately, but the work did reflect his obvious pride that after electing mayors in 29 other cities, Italians “finally” elected (in 1933) a mayor of Italian heritage to the country’s most important city. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The directories discussed here, from New York to San Francisco, provide a particularly rich source of information about the different businesses and professions Italians had in virtually every state of the union, from as early as the 1880s (in San Francisco) to the first few decades of the 20th Century (primarily in New York).</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libreria Sociale de "La Parola [del Popolo]"&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [Social Bookstore of "La Parola" [newspaper]]. &lt;strong&gt;Chicago: Italian Labor Publishing Co., [n.d.].&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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              <text>This twice-folded single sheet 8-page catalogue of books contains works sold by the Libreria Sociale attached to the newspaper &lt;em&gt;La Parola del Popolo. &lt;/em&gt;Like the Italian Labor Publishing Company that published and printed it, &lt;em&gt;La Parola&lt;/em&gt; was located at 1011 Blue Island Avenue in Chicago. Durante contains an extensive discussion of &lt;em&gt;La Parola&lt;/em&gt;, and it is listed in the Italian American Periodicals Guide of the Library of Congress. I do not find this catalogue, however, in OCLC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is undated but post-dates 1922, when the ever-changing named &lt;em&gt;La Parola&lt;/em&gt; assumed the name of "La Parola del Popolo." See in the Collection: &lt;em&gt;La parola del popolo: rivista bimestrale:  Cinquantesimo (50) Anniversario 1908-1958&lt;/em&gt;, published in Chicago in 1958 by&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; what had become "La Parola del Popolo Publishing Association."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Social Bookstore probably served a similar purpose as the Libreria Sociologica of Paterson, New Jersey, a gathering place for intellectuals, especially anarchists, to choose from among a vast array of publications, by literary as well as radical Italians and non-Italians. A university education could be add by reading what was for sale there.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, in the case of the instant catalogue, among the authors whose works were for sale were many literary Italians, such as Carducci, Rapisardi, Ariosto and of course Dante, but also French and Russian writers like Emile Zola and Leo Tolstoy, as well as radical Italians writing and working in the U.S. such as Giuseppe Bertelli, Pietro Gori, Vincenzo Vacirca, Luigi Fabbri, Alberico Molinari and others. There were many radical or philosophical non-Italian writers- French, German and Russian - whose works were available in translation, such as Engels, as well as Marx &amp;amp; Engels, Gorki, Faure, Lenin and Kant, among others.</text>
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