https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/d5a91509e574e2bb3ef315f505bdd21c.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=O5R4ql-gIxrVbEfHLZeSPoRJ7seNusY-8YwWM9r%7ETTRQ4oWO-TDc91NjYMn6venpYu2Z2u2mEZog1nlNLdnTOVporD8cYFNIV9OfKx7IaW5NybIITQ60TEmFBJkJAuhQbMKnNui2r8Szd%7EbBu1BaRhDe917LLRlc6NFyHZ-bJeka2I5-MZnKi3Ea8klt37v51bStM1DqFU64iNxsZtPt-Im8Z6bO%7EPXwtMy-66ZrBaOqw6xn8Bge3ofKFyXcj5vPRVE2Ub9-TbaamerWri2lLMsiHEd8bjqOcDEtDo0uij95fLXpg80Ej2vXqxy2H27vA7k2tMHt1f-s966EMtpUCA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a6554851bb4967b369f185c9445ceff3 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/58817/archive/files/361d0726ba95506e0105f0c356f717fb.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=WHNccQtHdtEdp1aGtOfaAne-RQie7f-XjGoa1s1CvvTgj5610q6DDiU%7EVGuugS1pLQLD-kqz24iVdbvgssZLFcfv3U86Qp8Qkmuy9wGy9mVR1jlPg9o2GcuABeNPyB9F7MlQ1pGFDJBxgHA5z4JPXJyFsGgbH5d9g3zYqD1llWSQJLGNBr8R0Zbl7NfDlqWqGzndf1JNL7u9uvnSlHeAns2pK4SgmC0nlYbNfNuflvA0z90deea6Plo6z8ZL1C4oPL5d1j8Bi2V6qS59061bvi9pnPch-ateMt%7Eiv6RZ8iibwl6CLgCaAtOKzhh%7EzeN0FmzgjVlYaFMSRTNtuizJHQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a622ec5ee16a013ae44d74b8e92ed4ae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political subversives III: Fascists and anti-fascists Description An account of the resource The Anti-Fascist movement embraced diverse leftists, including Carlo Tresca, as noted above. Opposition to Mussolini from the left was reflected by activities of the Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America, which formed common ground for anarchists, socialists/syndicalists and communists to temporarily set aside their differences and unite against fascist oppression. Gone, at least temporarily, were the debates about proper philosophy of the left: the goal was to unite in order to defeat fascism. As for fascism itself, its roots were in the nationalist fervor stoked by Italy’s late 19th and early 20th century imperialist ventures in Africa, which are reflected in several items in the collection. Fascism itself, with its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_radicalism">radical</a> nationalist agenda, came to prominence in the first quarter of 20th-century Europe, originating in Italy during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I">World War I</a>. Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party, a right-wing organization which launched a campaign of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents, and forced the king in 1922 to name him the Prime Minister as a result of the fascists’ show of force in the March on Rome. In America, active fascist supporters started two magazines that vied for primacy with Mussolini as instruments of the Fascist Party in America. Agostino de Biasi’s Il Carroccio, (The Chariot) was published from 1915 until 1935 - most years of the magazine are in the collection - with a circulation of about 10,000–12,000, long-lived initially but ultimately with a circulation of only about one-third of Domenico Trombetta’s far more militant Il Grido della Stirpe (The Cry of the Race), which became the largest circulation pro-fascist periodical at about 30,000 at its height in the mid-late 1920s, dropping to about 5,000 in the late 1930s as Italian Americans soured on Mussolini. Mussolini also promoted teaching the Italian language to Italian American schoolchildren, reflected in several items in the collection. Both fascist and therefore anti-fascist activities were not confined to New York, Chicago and other big cities. By the early 1920s, Fascist Party cells in the United States were present in Buffalo, Albany, Rochester and Syracuse. Subject The topic of the resource This section of the collection reflects tensions between fascists and anti-fascists. But the anti-fascist movement in the U.S. among Italians and others had far less to fear from Mussolini than did such dissidents in Italy itself. Savage portrayals and caricatures of Mussolini and of fascism are fully reflected in the collection. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richiamo all'anarchia: protesta e proposta anarchica in otto conferenze pronunciate in terra d'esilio durante la dominazione fascista [Call to Anarchy: Anarchic Protest and Proposal in 8 Lectures Given in a Land of Exile during the Fascist Domination]. Cesena: Edizioni l'antistato Cesena, 1965. Description An account of the resource Virgilia D’Andrea (b. Sulmona, 1890; d. New York, 1933) did not live to see this work, published three decades after her death; she died suddenly at the young age of 43. D’Andrea immigrated to the U.S. with her lover, Armando Borghi in 1926 or 1927. She had lost her family at a young age, turned to books for support, and was especially influenced by poetry. In America, she was widely known for her radical poetry, her anarchist activism, and her advocacy of free love. Though a powerful and well-respected female, she did not consider herself an activist for women’s rights, but more a promoter of the liberation of all people, especially the lower classes. The publication of this work with sections on "The Anarchic Idea" and on "The AntiFascist Battle," decades after her death, is suggestive of the durability of admiration in which she was held. The 1965 preface is by Alberto Moroni. The volume includes her two talks "'Chi Siamo' e 'Che cosa vogliamo,'" which is also the title of one of D'Andrea's works published together in Newark much later (1947) and given, as talks, in New York City on March 20, 1932 and (at Cooper Union) on January 6, 1929. Other talks in this collection were given at the Rand School in New York on March 1, 1931, in Philadelphia (at the Casa del Popolo, on April 19, 1929) and in Somerville, Massachusetts (at Somerset Hall), on December 3, 1931. The venues for such talks at notable socialist or anarchist meetings places, such as the Rand School and the Casa del Popolo, including the date of the talk, reflects D'Andrea's influence and prestige in the leftist community. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Virgilia D'Andrea Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Edizioni l'antistato Cesena Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 21 x 14; 169 p. Language A language of the resource Italian Relation A related resource <a href="https://italianamericanimprints.omeka.net/items/show/74"></a> 1961-1970 Alberto Moroni anarchist anti-fascist Durante Pietro Gori Rand School Somerset Hall Virgilia D'Andrea